Radiation exposure of the staff at the therapeutic and diagnostic nuclear medicine department

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (04) ◽  
pp. 175-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dolezal
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Professional Groups ◽  
Personal Dosimetry ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Administered Activity

SummaryAim: To assess a radiation exposure and the quality of radiation protection concerning a nuclear medicine staff at our department as a six-year retrospective study. Therapeutic radionuclides such as 131I, 153Sm, 186Re, 32P, 90Y and diagnostic ones as a 99mTc, 201Tl, 67Ga, 111In were used. Material, method: The effective dose was evaluated in the period of 2001–2006 for nuclear medicine physicians (n = 5), technologists (n = 9) and radiopharmacists (n = 2). A personnel film dosimeter and thermoluminescent ring dosimeter for measuring (1-month periods) the personal dose equivalent Hp(10) and Hp(0,07) were used by nuclear medicine workers. The wearing of dosimeters was obligatory within the framework of a nationwide service for personal dosimetry. The total administered activity of all radionuclides during these six years at our department was 17,779 GBq (99mTc 14 708 GBq, 131I 2490 GBq, others 581 GBq). The administered activity of 99mTc was similar, but the administered activity of 131I in 2006 increased by 200%, as compared with the year 2001. Results: The mean and one standard deviation (SD) of the personal annual effective dose (mSv) for nuclear medicine physicians was 1.9 ± 0.6, 1.8 ± 0.8, 1.2 ± 0.8, 1.4 ± 0.8, 1.3 ± 0.6, 0.8 ± 0.4 and for nuclear medicine technologists was 1.9 ± 0.8, 1.7 ± 1.4, 1.0 ± 1.0, 1.1 ± 1.2, 0.9 ± 0.4 and 0.7 ± 0.2 in 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively. The mean (n = 2, estimate of SD makes little sense) of the personal annual effective dose (mSv) for radiopharmacists was 3.2, 1.8, 0.6, 1.3, 0.6 and 0.3. Although the administered activity of 131I increased, the mean personal effective dose per year decreased during the six years. Conclusion: In all three professional groups of nuclear medicine workers a decreasing radiation exposure was found, although the administered activity of 131I increased during this six-year period. Our observations suggest successful radiation protection measures at our department.

scholarly journals Estimated collective effective dose to the population from nuclear medicine examinations in Slovenia

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damijan Skrk ◽  
Dejan Zontar
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Patient Exposure ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Comparison Of Results ◽  
Patient Protection ◽  
Per Capita

Abstract Background. A national survey of patient exposure from nuclear medicine diagnostic procedures was performed by Slovenian Radiation Protection Administration in order to estimate their contribution to the collective effective dose to the population of Slovenia. Methods. A set of 36 examinations with the highest contributions to the collective effective dose was identified. Data about frequencies and average administered activities of radioisotopes used for those examinations were collected from all nuclear medicine departments in Slovenia. A collective effective dose to the population and an effective dose per capita were estimated from the collected data using dose conversion factors. Results. The total collective effective dose to the population from nuclear medicine diagnostic procedures in 2011 was estimated to 102 manSv, giving an effective dose per capita of 0.05 mSv. Conclusions. The comparison of results of this study with studies performed in other countries indicates that the nuclear medicine providers in Slovenia are well aware of the importance of patient protection measures and of optimisation of procedures.

Application of radioactive substances in research in nuclear medicine: current trends and radiation exposure to the study subjects

2001 ◽  
Vol 40 (04) ◽  
pp. 116-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.-R. Schwarz ◽  
B. Bauer ◽  
D. Noßke ◽  
A. Erzberger ◽  
G. Brix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Aim Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Studies ◽  
Radioactive Substances ◽  
Federal Institute

SummaryAim: Analysis of the application of radioactive substances in research in the field of nuclear medicine in human beings and of the resulting radiation exposure to study subjects. Methods: Assessment of applications for approval submitted in accordance with Paragraph 41 of the Radiation Protection Ordinance, evaluated by the Federal Office for Radiation Protection together with the Federal Institute for Pharmaceuticals and Medical Products, within the period from 1997 to 1999. Results: The focus of the studies on the diagnostic application of radioactive substances in medicine evaluated has, since 1998, shifted from oncological to neurological and psychological aspects, while, at the same time, the number of PET studies increased constantly. The proportion of healthy study subjects included in the diagnostic studies increased from 7 to 22%. The number of therapeutic applications of radioactive substances has, since 1997, undergone a three-fold increase, and in the process of this, the focus of attention lay within the area of radioimmuno-therapy and endovascular brachy-theropy. The effective dose was, among up to 49% of the investigated healthy study subjects higher than 5 mSv, and among up to 6% of these subjects was at levels of over 20 mSv. Up to 22% of the patients received, within the scope of diagnostic studies, an effective dose of between 20 and 50 mSv. An exceeding of the 50 mSv limit occurred among up to 3% of the patients. Conclusions: In spite of the increasing numbers of PET applications, conventional nuclear medicine has maintained its importance in the field of medical research. Further developments in the areas of radiochemistry and molecular biology led to an increase in the importance of radio-immuno therapy. The evaluation of new radiopharmaceuticals and the extension of basic biomedical research, resulted in an increase in the proportion of healthy study subjects included in the studies. The radiation exposure among subjects resulting directly from the studies showed, for the period of evaluation, an overall trend towards reduction.

scholarly journals Radon Activity Concentrations in Natural Hot Spring Water: Dose Assessment and Health Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 920
Author(s):  
Eka Djatnika Nugraha ◽  
Masahiro Hosoda ◽  
June Mellawati ◽  
Untara Untara ◽  
Ilsa Rosianna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Dose Assessment ◽  
West Java

The world community has long used natural hot springs for tourist and medicinal purposes. In Indonesia, the province of West Java, which is naturally surrounded by volcanoes, is the main destination for hot spring tourism. This paper is the first report on radon measurements in tourism natural hot spring water in Indonesia as part of radiation protection for public health. The purpose of this paper is to study the contribution of radon doses from natural hot spring water and thereby facilitate radiation protection for public health. A total of 18 water samples were measured with an electrostatic collection type radon monitor (RAD7, Durridge Co., USA). The concentration of radon in natural hot spring water samples in the West Java region, Indonesia ranges from 0.26 to 31 Bq L−1. An estimate of the annual effective dose in the natural hot spring water area ranges from 0.51 to 0.71 mSv with a mean of 0.60 mSv for workers. Meanwhile, the annual effective dose for the public ranges from 0.10 to 0.14 mSv with an average of 0.12 mSv. This value is within the range of the average committed effective dose from inhalation and terrestrial radiation for the general public, 1.7 mSv annually.

scholarly journals Specific Activities of Natural Radionuclides and Annual Effective Dose Due to the Intake of Some Types of Children Powdered Milk Available in Baghdad Markets

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-624
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Sodium Iodide ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Powdered Milk ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Specific Activities

In this research the specific activity of natural radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were determined by sodium iodide enhanced by thallium NaI(TI) detector and assessed the annual effective dose in Dielac 1 and 2 and Nactalia 1 and 2 for children of less than 1 year which are available in Baghdad markets. The specific activity of 40K has the greater value in all the types which is in the range of allowed levels globally that suggested by UNSCEAR. The mean value of annual effective doses were 2.92, 4.005 and 1.6325 mSv/y for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K respectively.

A prospective case control comparison of the ZeroGravity system versus a standard lead apron as radiation protection strategy in neuroendovascular procedures

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1052-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo C Haussen ◽  
Imramsjah Martijn John Van Der Bom ◽  
Raul G Nogueira
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Skin Dose ◽  
Lead Apron ◽  
Dose Area Product ◽  
Primary Operator ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Area Product ◽  
Peak Skin Dose

Background and purposeWe aimed to compare the performance of the ZeroGravity (ZG) system (radiation protection system composed by a suspended lead suit) against the use of standard protection (lead apron (LA), thyroid shield, lead eyeglasses, table skirts, and ceiling suspended shield) in neuroangiography procedures.Materials and methodsRadiation exposure data were prospectively collected in consecutive neuroendovascular procedures between December 2014 and February 2015. Operator No 1 was assigned to the use of an LA (plus lead glasses, thyroid shield, and a 1 mm hanging shield at the groin) while operator No 2 utilized the ZG system. Dosimeters were used to measure peak skin dose for the head, thyroid, and left foot.ResultsThe two operators performed a total of 122 procedures during the study period. The ZG operator was more commonly the primary operator compared with the LA operator (85% vs 71%; p=0.04). The mean anterior-posterior (AP), lateral, and cumulative dose area product (DAP) radiation exposure as well as the mean fluoroscopy time were not statistically different between the operators’ cases. The peak skin dose to the head of the operator with LA was 2.1 times higher (3380 vs 1600 μSv), while the thyroid was 13.9 (4460 vs 320 μSv), the mediastinum infinitely (520 vs 0 μSv), and the foot 3.3 times higher (4870 vs 1470 μSv) compared with the ZG operator, leading to an overall accumulated dose 4 times higher. The ratio of cumulative operator received dose/total cumulative DAP was 2.5 higher on the LA operator.ConclusionsThe ZG radiation protection system leads to substantially lower radiation exposure to the operator in neurointerventional procedures. However, substantial exposure may still occur at the level of the lens and thyroid to justify additional protection.

scholarly journals Radiation Hazard, Safety, Control and Protection

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-103
Author(s):  
Md Hafizur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Safety Control ◽  
Radiological Procedures

The field of Radiology and Nuclear medicine has advanced from era of X-rays to today's modern imaging techniques, most of which use the ionizing radiation. With the benefits of better diagnosis and treatment, it has caused manifold increase in radiation exposure to the patients and the radiology and nuclear medicine personnel. Many studies done till date have clearly documented the harmful effects of ionizing radiation from radiation exposure, especially cancer. This is more important in paediatric population as their tissues are more radiosensitive, and they have more years to live. Diagnostic and therapeutic radiological procedures including nuclear medicine are integral part of modern medical practices, exposing both patients and medical staff to ionizing radiation. Without proper protective measures, this radiation causes many negative health effects. Hence, proper knowledge and awareness regarding the radiation hazards and radiation protection is mandatory for health professionals, especially the nuclear medicine and radiology professionals. International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP) has recommended two basic principles of radiation protection, justification of the practice and optimization of protection. Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jul 2019;14(2): 100-103

ESTIMATION OF OCCUPATIONAL RADIATION EXPOSURE FOR MEDICAL WORKERS IN RADIOLOGY AND CARDIOLOGY IN THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: NINE HOSPITALS EXPERIENCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 189 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-474
Author(s):  
Wiam Elshami ◽  
Mohamed Abuzaid ◽  
Antti Pekkarinen ◽  
Mika Kortesniemi
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Time Trend ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Occupational Radiation Exposure ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Occupational Radiation

Abstract Purpose Occupational radiation exposure for medical workers in radiology and cardiology was analyzed in nine hospitals in the UAE between 2002 and 2016. The purpose of the study was to determine the time trend and the differences in occupational radiation exposure among worker groups and hospitals in the country. Methods Readings of 5700 thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLDs) were obtained from 1011 medical workers and grouped into 5 worker groups (radiographers, diagnostic radiologists, nurses, cardiologists and physicians). Results The mean annual effective dose was from 0.38 to 0.62 mSv per worker. Even though an increase in the collective effective dose has been noticed during the study period, no significant time trend was observed in the mean effective dose. Furthermore, cardiologists received higher mean and maximum effective doses than the other worker groups. Conclusion The annual effective doses were below the limits set by national legislation and international standards, and for the average worker, the likelihood of high exposure is small. However, improvements in radiation protection practices could be implemented to reduce occupational radiation dose to cardiologists, who were the most exposed worker group in this study.

scholarly journals Assessing radiation exposure during endoscopic-guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea G Lantz ◽  
Padraic O'Malley ◽  
Michael Ordon ◽  
Jason Y Lee
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Fluoroscopy Time ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Stone Size ◽  
Lower Treatment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Stone Characteristics

Introduction: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) may be associated with significant ionizing radiation exposure for patients and operating room staff. Endoscopic-guided PCNL (ePCNL) is a technique that may be associated with less radiation exposure. This study examines ePCNL-related radiation exposure (fluoroscopytime, effective dose) and investigates variables that may predict increased exposure.Methods: A retrospective review of all consecutive ePCNLs performed at our institution, by a single surgeon, was conducted between November 2011 and November 2013. Patient demographics, stone characteristics and perioperative details were recorded, including radiation exposure. Pearson and Spearman correlation were used to assess variables correlated with radiation exposure.Results: In total, 55 ePCNL cases were included in the study. The mean age was 60 ± 15 years, mean body mass index (BMI) 30.0 ± 6.4 kg/m2 and mean stone size 3.2 × 2.1 cm. Seven cases (13%) involved complete staghorn stones, and 69% involved supracostal punctures. The mean fluoroscopy time was 3.4 ± 2.3 minutes, mean ED 2.4 ± 1.9 mSv. The treatment success rate, assessed 1-week postoperatively, was 87.3% and 7.3% of cases required ancillary procedures. The overall complication rate was 29%, but only 3 cases (5.5%) were Clavien ≥3. Longer fluoroscopy time correlated with increased stone size (p < 0.01), longer operative time (p < 0.01) and lower treatment success rates (p < 0.01); higher effective dose correlated with longer fluoroscopy time (p < 0.01) and increased skin-to-stone distance (p < 0.01). BMI did not correlate with fluoroscopy time or effective dose.Conclusions: Outcomes of ePCNL are comparable to traditional PCNL techniques and may be associated with lower radiation exposure, particularly beneficial for patients with higher BMI.

ASSESSMENT OF INDOOR RADIATION DOSE RECEIVED BY THE RESIDENTS OF NATURAL HIGH BACKGROUND RADIATION AREAS OF COASTAL VILLAGES OF KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU, INDIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
R.Ragel Mabel Saroja
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
High Background

Radiation exposure and effective dose received through two routes of exposure, viz. external and internal, via inhalation, by residents of coastal villages belonging to Natural High Background Radiation Areas (NHBRA) of Kanyakumari District and Tamil Nadu inIndiawere studied. While the indoor gamma radiation levels were monitored using Thermo Luminescent Dosimeters (TLDs), the indoor radon and thoron gas concentrations were measured using twin chamber dosimeters employing Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors (SSNTDs, LR-115-II). The average total annual effective dose was estimated and found to be varied from 2.37 to8.64 mSv.

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