scholarly journals The Influence of Whole Body X-Irradiation on the Diphtheria Antitoxin Formation in Guinea Pigs immunized with Diphtheria Toxoid

1959 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-248
Author(s):  
Masaya NAKAMURA
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Diphtheria Toxoid ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Diphtheria Antitoxin ◽  
X Irradiation

Oxygen Consumption Following Whole-Body X-Irradiation of Guinea Pigs

1952 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Smith ◽  
W. G. Buddington ◽  
M. M. Grenan
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
X Irradiation

Effect of Whole Body X-Irradiation on Plasma and Intestinal Cholinesterase and on Drug Responses of Isolated Intestinal Loops in the Rhesus Monkey, Rat and Guinea Pig

1956 ◽  
Vol 188 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur B. French ◽  
Patricia E. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Cholinesterase Activity ◽  
Plasma Cholinesterase ◽  
Intraluminal Pressure ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Maximal Response ◽  
Control Loops ◽  
X Irradiation

Cholinesterase activity and responses to pressure, acetylcholine, histamine and eserine were studied in isolated intestinal loops from 15 rhesus monkeys, 4 rats and 31 guinea pigs subjected to whole body x-irradiation, and in loops from paired control animals. Ileal and jejunal nonspecific cholinesterase levels were reduced in rats 48 hours after 650 r, and in guinea pigs 48 hours after 250 r, but not in rhesus monkeys 48 hours and 7–9 days after 800 r. Monkey plasma cholinesterase levels showed only a small preterminal decrease when measured daily after 800 r. The peristaltic responses of monkey and guinea pig intestinal loops to intraluminal pressure were normal at the above intervals after radiation. In monkeys, rats and guinea pigs the dose of acetylcholine required to elicit a contraction was unchanged by radiation regardless of whether threshold dose or the dose which produced 50% of the calculated maximal response was measured. The height of the maximum contractile response of monkey ileal and jejunal loops to acetylcholine was greater at both time intervals after radiation than in control loops. This difference was not found in rats or guinea pigs or in monkeys after histamine or eserine. These observations cast doubt on the idea that changes in intestinal cholinesterase activity or in the sensitivity of intestinal muscle to acetylcholine play a significant part in the vomiting and the changes in intestinal motor activity which follow x-irradiation.

The Effect of Whole-Body X-Irradiation of Guinea Pigs on the Liver Ribonuclease and Ribonuclease-Inhibitor System

1973 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 304 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ferencz ◽  
E. J. Hidvégi ◽  
L. D. Szabó ◽  
V. Várterész ◽  
E. J. Hidvegi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Ribonuclease Inhibitor ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Inhibitor System

scholarly journals IMMUNOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF ANTITOXIN PRODUCED IN NORMAL AND ALLERGIC INDIVIDUALS HYPERIMMUNIZED WITH DIPHTHERIA TOXOID

1953 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 903-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Kuhns
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Diphtheria Toxoid ◽  
Arthus Reaction ◽  
Albumin Fraction ◽  
Diphtheria Antitoxin

The Arthus reaction was studied in guinea pigs passively immunized with human diphtheria antitoxin. Diphtheria toxoid was given intradermally 24 hours following the intravenous administration of antitoxin and the subsequent reactions were graded and measured. The intensity of Arthus reactions was dependent upon the relative amounts of precipitating antitoxin and toxoid used. Severe lesions were caused by intravenous sensitization with 0.48 mg. precipitating antitoxin N and intradermal challenge with 0.05 or 0.17 toxoid N. Reactions of lesser intensity were caused by smaller amounts of antitoxin and toxoid. The nature of the antibody used for sensitization was of importance in the severity of Arthus reactions. In contrast to the behavior of precipitating antitoxin, amounts of non-precipitating antitoxin equivalent to 0.48 mg. N did not cause severe Arthus reactions when 0.05 or 0.17 mg. toxoid N was given intradermally. Precipitating antitoxic whole serum is altered by heating at 56°C. for 5 hours so that its precipitability is lost without any appreciable loss of antitoxic strength. This modified antitoxin produced Arthus reactions of only intermediate severity in guinea pigs sensitized with 0.48 mg. antitoxin N. When fractions of precipitating antitoxic serum were obtained using a cold ethanol technique described by Deutsch (16), a mixture of the purified γ2-globulin and the crude albumin fraction heated together at 56°C. for 5 hours behaved similarly to whole serum. However, γ2-globulin alone was not affected by the heating procedure, remained precipitable by toxoid, and was able to cause a severe Arthus reaction following sensitization with 0.48 mg. antitoxin N.

scholarly journals The effect of whole-body X-irradiation of guinea pigs on liver ribosomes

1968 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Hidvégi ◽  
J. Holland ◽  
Elisabeth Bölöni ◽  
P. Lónai ◽  
F. Antoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Sucrose Density Gradient ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Amino Acid Incorporation ◽  
Acid Incorporation ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Liver Ribosomes

1. The size distribution of aggregates of liver ribosomes and their protein-synthesizing ability in vitro were studied shortly after X-irradiation of guinea pigs. 2. Sucrose-density-gradient analysis of the mitochondrial supernatant after treatment with deoxycholate revealed a gradual increase in the number of polysomes, reaching a maximum between 9 and 15 hr. after irradiation. At that period the amount of ribonucleoprotein particles reached a level 25–30% above the control. This finding was confirmed by analytical-ultracentrifugal analysis and electron microscopy. Experiments were conducted to exclude the possibility that the enrichment of polysomes in the irradiated animals had occurred during the isolation procedure. 3. The protein-synthesizing ability of total ribosomal particles was measured in vitro. This showed an increase in amino acid incorporation parallel to the progressive enrichment of polysomes. At radiation doses of up to 1000r. the protein-synthesizing capacity was dependent on the radiation dose: the higher the dose the higher the amino acid incorporation, reaching 40–60% above the control at the period of maximal polysome enrichment. Amino acid incorporation remained at this level after radiation doses of between 1000 and 3000r. The enhanced protein-synthesizing activity was due solely to the increase in the proportion of polysomes, since irradiation was without effect on the activity of single ribosomes. 4. The results of the experiments are discussed in the light of our knowledge of the effect of radiation on protein synthesis.

scholarly journals Effect of whole-body x-irradiation on antigen-induced airway response in sensitized guinea pigs

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-622
Author(s):  
Y. Liu ◽  
G. Tamura ◽  
H. Iijima ◽  
H. Taniguchi ◽  
T. Kikuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Airway Response ◽  
X Irradiation

scholarly journals ANTIBODY FORMATION

1963 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan W. Uhr ◽  
Martin S. Finkelstein
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Antibody Formation ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Immunological Memory ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Antibody Activity ◽  
Secondary Antibody ◽  
Absolute Rate ◽  
X Irradiation

Injection of a sufficient dose of bacteriophage ϕX 174 into guinea pigs results in the formation of rapidly sedimenting antibody molecules (19S), and later, slowly sedimenting molecules (7S). Above a threshold dose of antigen, the relative rate of 19S formation is maximal and dose-independent; below this dose, slower relative rates are obtained. The time for doubling the serum 19S level is as short as 6 to 8 hours, suggesting that the absolute rate of antibody formation per cell is increasing in addition to proliferation of antibody-producing cells. Synthesis of 19S after injection of 1010 ϕX virtually ceases at 10 days after which 19S antibody activity disappears from the circulation with a half-life of approximately 24 hours. A second injection of ϕX on day 5 or 9 prolongs 19S synthesis, indicating that antigen not only can regulate the relative rate, but also is essential for continued synthesis of 19S. 19S synthesis is also prolonged in guinea pigs by injection of ϕX with endotoxin or by 400 r whole body x-irradiation 24 hours after injection of phage into rabbits. The primary 7S response is not detected until approximately 1 week after immunization and relative rates are antigen-dependent. Primary 7S synthesis can continue for many months and leads to preparation for a secondary antibody response (immunological memory) during which only 7S is detected. In contrast, in animals that form precipitating 19S without detectable 7S, a second injection of phage 1 month later results in a second 19S response which closely resembles the first. These findings have led to the suggestion that formation of 19S does not lead to persisting immunological memory.

scholarly journals DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY

1960 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan W. Uhr ◽  
Matthew Scharff
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Diphtheria Toxoid ◽  
Delayed Hypersensitivity ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Detectable Antibody ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Delayed Type Of Hypersensitivity

The capacity to develop the delayed type of hypersensitivity to diphtheria toxoid and ovalbumin may persist in guinea pigs and rabbits that have received doses of x-ray sufficient to eliminate a detectable antibody response. Larger doses of x-irradiation can prevent development of delayed-type hypersensitivity in rabbits.

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