The Effect of Whole-Body X-Irradiation of Guinea Pigs on the Liver Ribonuclease and Ribonuclease-Inhibitor System

1973 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 304 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ferencz ◽  
E. J. Hidvégi ◽  
L. D. Szabó ◽  
V. Várterész ◽  
E. J. Hidvegi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Ribonuclease Inhibitor ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Inhibitor System

Oxygen Consumption Following Whole-Body X-Irradiation of Guinea Pigs

1952 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Smith ◽  
W. G. Buddington ◽  
M. M. Grenan
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
X Irradiation

Effect of Whole Body X-Irradiation on Plasma and Intestinal Cholinesterase and on Drug Responses of Isolated Intestinal Loops in the Rhesus Monkey, Rat and Guinea Pig

1956 ◽  
Vol 188 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur B. French ◽  
Patricia E. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Cholinesterase Activity ◽  
Plasma Cholinesterase ◽  
Intraluminal Pressure ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Maximal Response ◽  
Control Loops ◽  
X Irradiation

Cholinesterase activity and responses to pressure, acetylcholine, histamine and eserine were studied in isolated intestinal loops from 15 rhesus monkeys, 4 rats and 31 guinea pigs subjected to whole body x-irradiation, and in loops from paired control animals. Ileal and jejunal nonspecific cholinesterase levels were reduced in rats 48 hours after 650 r, and in guinea pigs 48 hours after 250 r, but not in rhesus monkeys 48 hours and 7–9 days after 800 r. Monkey plasma cholinesterase levels showed only a small preterminal decrease when measured daily after 800 r. The peristaltic responses of monkey and guinea pig intestinal loops to intraluminal pressure were normal at the above intervals after radiation. In monkeys, rats and guinea pigs the dose of acetylcholine required to elicit a contraction was unchanged by radiation regardless of whether threshold dose or the dose which produced 50% of the calculated maximal response was measured. The height of the maximum contractile response of monkey ileal and jejunal loops to acetylcholine was greater at both time intervals after radiation than in control loops. This difference was not found in rats or guinea pigs or in monkeys after histamine or eserine. These observations cast doubt on the idea that changes in intestinal cholinesterase activity or in the sensitivity of intestinal muscle to acetylcholine play a significant part in the vomiting and the changes in intestinal motor activity which follow x-irradiation.

scholarly journals The effect of whole-body X-irradiation of guinea pigs on liver ribosomes

1968 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Hidvégi ◽  
J. Holland ◽  
Elisabeth Bölöni ◽  
P. Lónai ◽  
F. Antoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Sucrose Density Gradient ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Amino Acid Incorporation ◽  
Acid Incorporation ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Liver Ribosomes

1. The size distribution of aggregates of liver ribosomes and their protein-synthesizing ability in vitro were studied shortly after X-irradiation of guinea pigs. 2. Sucrose-density-gradient analysis of the mitochondrial supernatant after treatment with deoxycholate revealed a gradual increase in the number of polysomes, reaching a maximum between 9 and 15 hr. after irradiation. At that period the amount of ribonucleoprotein particles reached a level 25–30% above the control. This finding was confirmed by analytical-ultracentrifugal analysis and electron microscopy. Experiments were conducted to exclude the possibility that the enrichment of polysomes in the irradiated animals had occurred during the isolation procedure. 3. The protein-synthesizing ability of total ribosomal particles was measured in vitro. This showed an increase in amino acid incorporation parallel to the progressive enrichment of polysomes. At radiation doses of up to 1000r. the protein-synthesizing capacity was dependent on the radiation dose: the higher the dose the higher the amino acid incorporation, reaching 40–60% above the control at the period of maximal polysome enrichment. Amino acid incorporation remained at this level after radiation doses of between 1000 and 3000r. The enhanced protein-synthesizing activity was due solely to the increase in the proportion of polysomes, since irradiation was without effect on the activity of single ribosomes. 4. The results of the experiments are discussed in the light of our knowledge of the effect of radiation on protein synthesis.

scholarly journals Effect of whole-body x-irradiation on antigen-induced airway response in sensitized guinea pigs

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-622
Author(s):  
Y. Liu ◽  
G. Tamura ◽  
H. Iijima ◽  
H. Taniguchi ◽  
T. Kikuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Airway Response ◽  
X Irradiation

scholarly journals ANTIBODY FORMATION

1963 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan W. Uhr ◽  
Martin S. Finkelstein
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Antibody Formation ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Immunological Memory ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Antibody Activity ◽  
Secondary Antibody ◽  
Absolute Rate ◽  
X Irradiation

Injection of a sufficient dose of bacteriophage ϕX 174 into guinea pigs results in the formation of rapidly sedimenting antibody molecules (19S), and later, slowly sedimenting molecules (7S). Above a threshold dose of antigen, the relative rate of 19S formation is maximal and dose-independent; below this dose, slower relative rates are obtained. The time for doubling the serum 19S level is as short as 6 to 8 hours, suggesting that the absolute rate of antibody formation per cell is increasing in addition to proliferation of antibody-producing cells. Synthesis of 19S after injection of 1010 ϕX virtually ceases at 10 days after which 19S antibody activity disappears from the circulation with a half-life of approximately 24 hours. A second injection of ϕX on day 5 or 9 prolongs 19S synthesis, indicating that antigen not only can regulate the relative rate, but also is essential for continued synthesis of 19S. 19S synthesis is also prolonged in guinea pigs by injection of ϕX with endotoxin or by 400 r whole body x-irradiation 24 hours after injection of phage into rabbits. The primary 7S response is not detected until approximately 1 week after immunization and relative rates are antigen-dependent. Primary 7S synthesis can continue for many months and leads to preparation for a secondary antibody response (immunological memory) during which only 7S is detected. In contrast, in animals that form precipitating 19S without detectable 7S, a second injection of phage 1 month later results in a second 19S response which closely resembles the first. These findings have led to the suggestion that formation of 19S does not lead to persisting immunological memory.

scholarly journals INTRACELLULAR LOCALIZATION OF ENZYMES IN SPLEEN

1962 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert J. Eichel ◽  
Jay S. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Maximal Activity ◽  
Mitochondrial Fraction ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Magnesium Ion ◽  
Supernatant Fluid ◽  
Ribonuclease Inhibitor ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Triton X

Some properties of rat spleen ribonuclease have been studied, and the intracellular distribution of the enzyme and ribonucleic acid have been presented. Spleen ribonuclease exhibits maximal activity at pH 5.8, and although there is some evidence for the presence of an enzyme with an optimum at pH 7.0, it is not conclusive. The enzyme is concentrated primarily in the mitochondrial fraction, but significant quantities occur in the supernatant fluid. The latter contains ribonuclease inhibitor similar to that found in liver. The effects of whole body x-irradiation, magnesium ion, substrate concentration, type of buffer, presence of p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonic acid, deoxycholate, and Triton X-100 on ribonuclease activity are examined.

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