scholarly journals Observations on a presumed bilateral gynandromorph Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros paired with a male

Ornis Svecica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Nicolas Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Stable Pair ◽  
Sex Type ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Black Redstart ◽  
Phoenicurus Ochruros

A supposed bilateral gynandromorph Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros in northwestern Switzerland formed a pair with a phenotypically classical male, but apparently was not breeding. The bird was documented before and after moult, when all replaced feathers were again of the same sex type. It was also recorded singing, the song being typical for the species. This is the second recorded case of a bilateral gynandromorph Black Redstart, one of only a handful cases where wild bilateral gynandromorph birds have been observed throughout the breeding season, and the first unequivocal documentation of a presumed bilateral gynandromorph bird forming a stable pair with a typical male.

Song stability and neighbour recognition in a migratory songbird, the black redstart

Behaviour ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 151 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tudor I. Draganoiu ◽  
Aurélien Moreau ◽  
Lucie Ravaux ◽  
Wim Bonckaert ◽  
Nicolas Mathevon
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Discrimination Ability ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
Migratory Songbird ◽  
Dear Enemy Effect ◽  
Black Redstart ◽  
Phoenicurus Ochruros ◽  
One Year ◽  
Breeding Seasons

Territorial male songbirds have the ability to discriminate between the songs of their neighbours and those of strangers and for a few species it has been shown that they maintain this ability from one breeding season to the next. To better understand the acoustic basis of this long-term discrimination ability we studied song stability across two breeding seasons in a migratory songbird with high inter-annual return rates and territory stability, the black redstart, Phoenicurus ochruros. Strophe repertoires of 14 males (≥2 years old) were stable from one breeding season to the next and high strophe sharing occurred for males within the same group of houses or hamlets (81%) in contrast to only limited sharing between different hamlets (15%). However, subtle differences exist between the renditions of the same strophe sung by neighbouring males and these differences equally show an inter-annual stability, providing an acoustic basis for long-term discrimination abilities. Playback tests showed the existence of a strong dear-enemy effect: males reacted less aggressively to the familiar, often shared song of a neighbour than to a stranger unshared song and this pattern was maintained when birds returned from migration one year later. We discuss on one side the possible mechanisms leading to the observed patterns of song sharing and on the other side the significance of stable vocal signatures for neighbour recognition.

LAW, RELIGION, AND THE POLITICIZATION OF SEXUAL CITIZENSHIP IN KENYA

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-129
Author(s):  
Damaris Seleina Parsitau
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Sexual Difference ◽  
Family Values ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Sexual Orientations ◽  
Before And After

AbstractIn Kenya, debates about sexual orientation have assumed center stage at several points in recent years, but particularly before and after the promulgation of the Constitution of Kenya in 2010. These debates have been fueled by religious clergy and by politicians who want to align themselves with religious organizations for respectability and legitimation, particularly by seeking to influence the nation's legal norms around sexuality. I argue that through their responses and attempts to influence legal norms, the religious and political leaders are not only responsible for the nonacceptance of same-sex relationships in Africa, but have also ensured that sexuality and embodiment have become a cultural and religious battleground. These same clergy and politicians seek to frame homosexuality as un-African, unacceptable, a threat to African moral and cultural sensibilities and sensitivities, and an affront to African moral and family values. Consequently, the perception is that homosexuals do not belong in Africa—that they cannot be entertained, accommodated, tolerated, or even understood. Ultimately, I argue that the politicization and religionization of same-sex relationships in Kenya, as elsewhere in Africa, has masked human rights debates and stifled serious academic and pragmatic engagements with important issues around sexual difference and sexual orientation while fueling negative attitudes toward people with different sexual orientations.

scholarly journals UNPUBLISHED, REJECTED MANUSCRIPT NOT TO BE RESUBMITTED: Acting with Conviction: On the Roles of Moral and Religious Convictions in the Minnesota Same-Sex Marriage Constitutional Amendment Vote

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A Vitriol
Keyword(s):  
Constitutional Amendment ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Political Choice ◽  
Same Sex Marriage ◽  
Moral Beliefs ◽  
Outcome Fairness ◽  
Psychological Conditions ◽  
Religious Convictions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Using Data

We investigated how moral and religious convictions relate to voting on a same-sex marriage constitutional amendment. Using data collected before and after people voted on a state constitutional amendment, we examined the psychological conditions under which moral beliefs influence political choice. Voters high in purity-based moral concerns were more likely to vote to ban same-sex marriage, and voters high in fairness-based moral concerns were more likely to vote against banning same-sex marriage. These concerns were particularly important for voters with a moral or religious conviction regarding same-sex marriage. Furthermore, moral and religious convictions moderated the effect of the vote outcome on procedural and outcome fairness perceptions. These results build on prior theory and research in political and moral psychology by highlighting the importance of convictions when understanding the link between moral beliefs and political choice.

scholarly journals The pitch of babies’ cries predicts their voice pitch at age 5

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 20180065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Levrero ◽  
Nicolas Mathevon ◽  
Katarzyna Pisanski ◽  
Erik Gustafsson ◽  
David Reby
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Ring Finger ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Voice Pitch ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Longitudinal Study Design ◽  
The Right

Voice pitch (fundamental frequency, F 0 ) is a key dimension of our voice that varies between sexes after puberty, and also among individuals of the same sex both before and after puberty. While a recent longitudinal study indicates that inter-individual differences in voice pitch remain stable in men during adulthood and may even be determined before puberty (Fouquet et al. 2016 R. Soc. open sci. 3 , 160395. ( doi:10.1098/rsos.160395 )), whether these differences emerge in infancy remains unknown. Here, using a longitudinal study design, we investigate the hypothesis that inter-individual differences in F 0 are already present in the cries of pre-verbal babies. While based on a small sample ( n = 15), our results indicate that the F 0 of babies' cries at 4 months of age may predict the F 0 of their speech utterances at 5 years of age, explaining 41% of the inter-individual variance in voice pitch at that age in our sample. We also found that the right-hand ratio of the length of their index to ring finger (2D : 4D digit ratio), which has been proposed to constitute an index of prenatal testosterone exposure, was positively correlated with F 0 at both 4 months and 5 years of age. These findings suggest that a substantial proportion of between-individual differences in voice pitch, which convey important biosocial information about speakers, may partly originate in utero and thus already be present soon after birth.

Exploring the Polysemy of Voice and Silence

2018 ◽  
pp. 402-421
Author(s):  
Gust A. Yep ◽  
Rebecca N. Gigi ◽  
Briana E. Avila
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Gay Marriage ◽  
Court Ruling ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Supreme Court Ruling ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Multiple Meanings ◽  
Voice And Silence

This chapter addresses the complex interplay between voice and silence in US LGBT communities. In terms of voice, the chapter focuses on Evan Wolfson, founder of Freedom to Marry and colloquially known as “Mr. Gay Marriage,” whose public comments on same-sex divorce before and after the Supreme Court ruling on marriage equality focused on two central themes: (1) fairness and (2) protection. In terms of silence, the chapter focuses on the largely absent discourse about same-sex divorce in mainstream LGBT online media to explore its multiple meanings. The analysis explores three major themes: (1) that same-sex divorce is a recent phenomenon, (2) that same-sex divorce may not be relevant to unconventional long-term relationships, and (3) that creation of a pseudo charmed circle suppresses the visibility of same-sex divorce. The chapter concludes by exploring the implications of the multiple meanings of voice and silence surrounding same-sex relational dissolution.

scholarly journals Reproductive Consequences of Autumnal Singing in Black Redstarts (Phoenicurus Ochruros)

The Auk ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Weggler
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Winter Mortality ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Pair Bonds ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Territory Acquisition ◽  
Plumage Maturation ◽  
New Locations ◽  
Phoenicurus Ochruros ◽  
Reproductive Consequences

Abstract In a migratory population of Black Redstarts (Phoenicurus ochruros) in central Europe, males were territorial and sang in autumn between the end of molt in early September and the abandonment of territories in October. Participants in autumn singing were adult males past their first potential breeding season; subadults rarely defended territories in autumn. Prior to the autumn singing period, unmated males and males after their first breeding season often dispersed to new locations within the study site. Pair associations with experienced female breeders still present on the breeding ground were preformed. Low winter mortality, site dominance, and fidelity to autumn territories allowed the reformation of 59% of autumnal pair bonds in the following spring. The mating pattern was assortative by age because the initiation of territory acquisition and pair formation was temporally segregated by more than six months between subadult and adult breeders. Males benefitted from mating with experienced females because they started breeding earlier and initiated more breeding attempts per season. Autumnal singing and territoriality, a phenomenon that has not attracted much attention, may play a key role in the understanding of age-related reproductive asymmetries in Black Redstarts. Age-related reproductive performance may be the underlying cause for the evolution of delayed plumage maturation in this species.

scholarly journals Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual (LGB) Young Adults’ Relational Well-Being Before and After Taiwanese Legalization of Same-Sex Marriage: A Qualitative Study Protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 160940692093339
Author(s):  
Yu-Te Huang
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychosocial Health ◽  
Marriage Equality ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Same Sex Marriage ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Bisexual

In 2019, Taiwan became the first country in Asia to legalize same-sex marriage. Such an historic shift in the legal landscape toward marriage equality in Taiwan presents a timely and unique opportunity to investigate the interplay of a lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB)-affirmative policy (i.e., marriage equality) and the well-being of LGB people. Existing quantitative studies on same-sex marriage have yielded compelling evidence about its positive effects on LGB individuals’ psychosocial health. However, no research has examined the relational dimension of the effect associated with same-sex marriage policy. Furthermore, a relational focus requires a researcher to solicit narratives from LGB young adults’ significant others (e.g., parents). This research project seeks to address these gaps by addressing whether legalization of same-sex marriage in Taiwan will improve Taiwanese LGB young adults’ relational well-being. Qualitative data were collected from 30 in-depth, dyadic interviews with 15 LGB young Taiwanese adults aged between 18 and 39 years and their parents. Each participant took part in two interviews conducted before and after the passage of the legalization of same-sex marriage, respectively. Transcribed interviews will be analyzed following an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) where we seek insight into a social actor’s inner perceptions in a wider context of social relationships. Multiple measures will be undertaken to ensure study rigor. Findings from this study will add to the evaluative endeavors of marriage equality policy enacted in Taiwan by highlighting relational well-being and the perspectives of LGB young adults’ relevant others.

Effects of Overt Verbalization of Information before and after Instance Selection on Concept Attainment

1973 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-464
Author(s):  
James D. McKinney
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Instance Selection ◽  
Concept Attainment ◽  
Conjunctive Concept ◽  
Sex Type ◽  
Random Form ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ordered Array

60 undergraduate students solved four conjunctive concept attainment problems. The experimental design varied sex, type of array, and type of verbalization. The stimulus arrays were either in ordered or random form, and Ss were instructed to either verbalize the information they expected to gain prior to a card choice, the information they obtained from their card choice, or were given no verbalization instructions. Under the ordered array, males who verbalized after instance selection showed better performance than those who verbalized prior to instance selection. When the stimuli were randomly arranged, males who verbalized before instance selection were superior to those who verbalized after instance selection. Both verbalization procedures facilitated the performance of females under the ordered array; however, when the stimuli were randomly arranged, verbalization either interfered with or had no effect on performance.

scholarly journals Sodomitical Butterflies: Male Homosexual Desire in Colonial Latin America

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph James Wawzonek
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Spanish America ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
Colonial Latin America ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Sexual Identities ◽  
American Colonies ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of

Despite the vast research done by contemporary historians concerning the history of sexuality, relatively little is known about gender and sexual identities in what is now Latin America. Much of what is known has been altered by the experiences and backgrounds of historians in this field, leading to interpretations which are either dismayingly negative or wholly positive. Some publications focus more on inference than fact, or ignore much of the context for why homosexuality and non-binary gender identity were treated as they were by Spanish colonists and conquistadors. This paper aims to construct a more complete analysis of sodomy throughout the history of colonial Latin America by comparing existing discourses regarding sodomy in colonial Latin America, as well as a few select colonial documents and court cases. An evaluation of this documentation reveals that the nature of sodomy in Spanish America is too complicated to describe in a binary manner. Authority did not always condemn homosexuality outright, and though most criollos were not for same-sex relations, some had more neutral feelings towards homosexual desires. This anaylsis adds to the growing body of research regarding American sexuality before and after European ideology altered continental perspectives. In using publications with varying perspectives, the role of male homosexuality, the perception of sodomy, the culture of honour in regards to sodomy, and the consequences of same-sex desire in Spain's American colonies can be better understood.

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