scholarly journals Sodomitical Butterflies: Male Homosexual Desire in Colonial Latin America

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph James Wawzonek
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Spanish America ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
Colonial Latin America ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Sexual Identities ◽  
American Colonies ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of

Despite the vast research done by contemporary historians concerning the history of sexuality, relatively little is known about gender and sexual identities in what is now Latin America. Much of what is known has been altered by the experiences and backgrounds of historians in this field, leading to interpretations which are either dismayingly negative or wholly positive. Some publications focus more on inference than fact, or ignore much of the context for why homosexuality and non-binary gender identity were treated as they were by Spanish colonists and conquistadors. This paper aims to construct a more complete analysis of sodomy throughout the history of colonial Latin America by comparing existing discourses regarding sodomy in colonial Latin America, as well as a few select colonial documents and court cases. An evaluation of this documentation reveals that the nature of sodomy in Spanish America is too complicated to describe in a binary manner. Authority did not always condemn homosexuality outright, and though most criollos were not for same-sex relations, some had more neutral feelings towards homosexual desires. This anaylsis adds to the growing body of research regarding American sexuality before and after European ideology altered continental perspectives. In using publications with varying perspectives, the role of male homosexuality, the perception of sodomy, the culture of honour in regards to sodomy, and the consequences of same-sex desire in Spain's American colonies can be better understood.

A Marginal Man: Luis of Saric and the Pima Revolt of 1751

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-77
Author(s):  
Roberto Mario Salmón
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Spanish America ◽  
Colonial Latin America ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Mixed Blood ◽  
Geographical Factors ◽  
History Of

The history of colonial Latin America can be told in terms of the relations between Spaniards, mixed blood frontiersmen, and Indians. In Mexico, Indians figured as significantly as did political and geographical factors in determining the nature and direction of Spanish-Mexican advance and settlement. The Spaniards were ever desirous to learn more about the Indians, especially if they had cultures and economies worth exploiting. But the Indians seldom submitted peacefully to these strange men who spoke of God and king and insisted on a new way of life. Indian chieftains only reluctantly gave up positions of tribal control and they remained prepared to foment sedition and rebellion against the Spanish and Mexican colonizers. This rebellion occurred often on the fringes of Spanish America.

Jesuits in Colonial Latin America

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Wilde
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Society Of Jesus ◽  
Colonial Latin America ◽  
Council Of Trent ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Counter Reformation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Jesuit Order

The Jesuits have impacted the history of colonial Latin America as have few other religious orders. Founded in 1540 by Ignatius of Loyola and a group of companions, the Society of Jesus defined its profile from the beginning as an order devoted to apostolic activity, especially through missions, and education, which led it to promote new forms of preaching and teaching. Its expansion in the world coincides with the Catholic Counter-Reformation fostered by the Council of Trent (1545–1563), in which the Jesuits had a decisive participation. The growth and expansion of the order in Latin America was rapid and continuous. The first Jesuits arrived in Brazil in 1549, in Peru in 1568, and in Mexico in 1572, and they soon became involved in the main religious, social, economic, and political activities of each region. They founded numerous colleges and residences in the most important cities and dozens of missions, or reducciones, villages among the indigenous populations living on the so-called borderlands of the colonial domains of Spain and Portugal. The several Jesuit establishments in Latin America were territorially organized into provinces, which maintained constant and fluid communication with the headquarters of the order in Rome, where its highest authority, the superior general, resided. Demands by local governments, an increase in the number of operarios, and an expansion of the political and ecclesiastical jurisdictions led to the establishment of new Jesuit provinces in the 17th century, most especially that of Paraguay, which became one of the most famous in Latin America. Each province was staffed by both priests and coadjutor brothers (lay Jesuits who had not completed their training) from different European countries, mainly Spain, as well as Creoles and mestizos born in America. Both internally and externally, the writing of documents of different types served as a central instrument of communication and government of the various Jesuit establishments. This abundance of documents produced is why the corpus of research of the Jesuit order in Latin America is profuse.

Indigenous and Black Confraternities in Colonial Latin America

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javiera Jaque Hidalgo ◽  
Miguel Valerio
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Spanish America ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Colonial Latin America ◽  
Colonial Discourse ◽  
Colonial Society ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Racial Hierarchies

Employing a transregional and interdisciplinary approach, this volume explores indigenous and black confraternities –or lay Catholic brotherhoods– founded in colonial Spanish America and Brazil between the sixteenth and eighteenth century. It presents a varied group of cases of religious confraternities founded by subaltern subjects, both in rural and urban spaces of colonial Latin America, to understand the dynamics and relations between the peripheral and central areas of colonial society, underlying the ways in which colonialized subjects navigated the colonial domain with forms of social organization and cultural and religious practices. The book analyzes indigenous and black confraternal cultural practices as forms of negotiation and resistance shaped by local devotional identities that also transgressed imperial religious and racial hierarchies. The analysis of these practices explores the intersections between ethnic identity and ritual devotion, as well as how the establishment of black and indigenous religious confraternities carried the potential to subvert colonial discourse.

Epilogue

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-160
Author(s):  
Yarí Pérez Marín
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
New World ◽  
Colonial Latin America ◽  
Global Knowledge ◽  
Medical Texts ◽  
Garcilaso De La Vega ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
History Of

This section reflects on the cross-fertilisation between science, medicine, literature and art in the consolidation of New World identity and discourse, beyond the sixteenth century. It invites readers to consider towering figures in the cultural history of colonial Latin America, such as writer Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, polymath Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz and painter Miguel Cabrera, discussing some of their connections to earlier texts on anatomy and physiology. The epilogue makes a case for redefining the medical texts studied in Marvels of Medicine as early matrixes of colonial rhetoric, scientific and literary objects that charted a course for future colonial subjects’ sense of identity in relation to the larger context of global knowledge production.

Time and Christianity in Early Latin America

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-38
Author(s):  
Matthew O'Hara
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Spanish America ◽  
History Of Christianity ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
American Christianity ◽  
Intellectual Traditions ◽  
History Of

The arrival of Christianity in the Americas and its long-term development throughout the colonial era were closely connected to questions of time—whether the human experience and manipulation of time, the crafting of historical memory, or the imagining of potential futures. Exploring classic and recent scholarship on the colonial era, this chapter considers some of the ways that the history of Christianity in early Latin America is also a history of time. This chapter focuses on the viceroyalty of New Spain—Central Mexico in particular—but also makes some references to scholarship from other parts of Spanish America. The centering of attention on time starts a productive dialogue within the historiography on early Latin American Christianity—a conversation that steps beyond a tired debate about the relative “Europeanness” or “indigeneity” of post-conquest cultures, focusing, instead, on unique ways of being that emerged out of the remarkable convergence of intellectual traditions and cultural practices in the colonial world.

The Cambridge History of Latin America: Colonial Latin America

1987 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
David J. Fox ◽  
Leslie Bethell
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Colonial Latin America ◽  
History Of

The Parvin-Brigham Mission to Spanish America, 1823–1826

1945 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-103
Author(s):  
J. Orin Oliphant
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
The United States ◽  
War Of 1812 ◽  
Spanish America ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

Slowly during the years just preceding our War of 1812, and rapidly during the decade that followed the Peace of Ghent, the vast reaches of Latin America swam within the ken of the people of the United States. Of this “discovery” of our southern neighbors and of our relations with Latin America before 1830, we have learned much from a volume recently brought out by a distinguished historian of the United States, Professor Arthur P. Whitaker. Professor Whitaker's informing study was intended to be nothing less than a well-rounded history of the impact of Latin America upon the United States to 1830; and such it has proved to be—with one exception. Professor Whitaker completely overlooked the religious phase of the subject he otherwise treated so skillfully. Upon this neglected part of the history of our early relations with Latin America this paper will endeavor to throw some light.

scholarly journals Procesy formowania narodów i tożsamości narodowej w Ameryce Łacińskiej

2016 ◽  
pp. 147-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kaganiec-Kamieńska
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Spanish America ◽  
Nation Formation ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
National Identity Formation

Nation and national identity formation in Latin America. Selected issues The history of nation formation in Latin America cannot be easily interpreted within the frames of existing theoretical perspectives, such as modernism. The difficulty lies in the fact that the existing theories only partly apply to this region. The aim of this article is to present the processes of nation and national identity formation in Spanish America until the 1950s pointing to its main characteristics and selected factors of the most significant impact. Procesy formowania narodów i tożsamości narodowej w Ameryce ŁacińskiejHistoria powstawania narodów w Ameryce Łacińskiej nie daje się jednoznacznie zinterpretować w ramach istniejących schematów i ujęć teoretycznych (np. modernizmu). Trudność polega na tym, że znajdują one jedynie częściowe zastosowanie w odniesieniu do Ameryki Łacińskiej. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie procesów tworzenia narodów i tożsamości narodowej w Ameryce hiszpańskiej do połowy XX w. z uwzględnieniem wybranych głównych cech tego procesu i czynników, które miały na niego wpływ.

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