STUDY ON THE BACTERIA THAT CAUSE HOSPITAL INFECTIONS AT HUE CENTRAL HOSPITAL IN 2012

2012 ◽  
pp. 100-108
Author(s):  
Dien Hai Truong ◽  
Dinh Binh Tran ◽  
Thi Nam Lien Nguyen ◽  
et al
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Hospital Infections ◽  
Central Hospital ◽  
Local Hospital ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Common Infections

Objective: To study the bacterial etiologies causing hospital infections at Hue Central Hospital to determine the type of bacteria causing major hospital infections, distribution by local hospital infections, treatment areas contributing to control hospital infections. Subjects and methods: The study described on 311 bacteria strains that isolated in 242 patients who sufer hospital infections with 261 samples from 5/2011 to 5/2012. Results, discussion and conclusions: Hospital infections were 66.9% in male and 33.1%) in female patients, with 261 specimens we isolated 311 bacterial that cause hospital infections. - Respiratory tract infections were the highest rate (37.2%), followed by wound infection (20.2%) and the skin and soft tissue infections (13.2%), bloodstream infections (12,8%). - Five kinds of common infections were: respiratory infections, surgical wound infections, skin and soft tissue infections, urinary tract infections, blood infections. - Sputum is mainly specimens that accounted 35.2%, followed by 34.9% pus specimens, remaining is all kinds of other specimens. - Hospital infections due to Gram-negative bacteria 83.9% that was 5.2 times higher than that of Gram-positive bacterial (16.1%). - The bacterial etiologies causing hospital infections in Hue Central Hospital have five major types: the highest is Acinetobacter baumannii (27.3%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (23.8%), Escherichia coli (15.8%), Staphylococcus aureus (10.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7.1%). - There are 43 specimens that were isolated two or more types of bacteria (16.5%).

Recovery of β-lactamase producing bacteria in pediatric infections

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 888-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itzhak Brook
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Pulmonary Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Pediatric Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

The presence of β-lactamase producing bacteria (βLPB) was investigated in specimens obtained from 1469 children who presented with infections of the skin and soft tissue (648), upper respiratory tract (514), pulmonary sites (137), surgical sites (113), and other (57). Of 4989 bacterial isolates recovered, 910 (18%) were βLPB, 492 (54%) aerobes, and 418 (46%) anaerobes. The βLPB were recovered in 751 (51%) of the children. The most frequently recovered βLPB was Staphylococcus aureus, which was recovered in 356 (47%) patients. Most isolates were recovered from patients with skin and soft-tissue infections (68% of patients), upper respiratory tract infections (49%), and pulmonary infections (35%). Bacteroides fragilis group was isolated in 35% of patients with βLPB, mostly from surgical infections (98% of patients), pulmonary infections (36%), skin and soft-tissue infections (25%), and upper respiratory tract infections (20%). Twenty-five percent of the Bacteroides melaninogenicus group produced β-lactamase. These organisms were recovered in 15% of patients with βLPB. They were recovered in upper respiratory tract infections (38% of patients), pulmonary infections (22%), and skin and soft-tissue infections (7%). Other βLPB were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8% of total patients with βLPB), Escherichia coli (4%), Bacteroides oralis (3%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (3%), Haemophilus influenzae (2%), Proteus (1%), and Branhamella catarrhalis (1%). The role of βLPB in the failure of penicillin to eradicate many of the infections is discussed.

scholarly journals 2-es típusú diabetesesek és nem cukorbetegek területen szerzett, belgyógyászati osztályos felvételt igénylő bakteriális infekcióinak klinikai összehasonlítása

2019 ◽  
Vol 160 (41) ◽  
pp. 1623-1632
Author(s):  
László József Barkai ◽  
Emese Sipter ◽  
Dorottya Csuka ◽  
Tímea Baló ◽  
Zsuzsa Nébenführer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Medical Ward ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
General Medical Ward ◽  
International Data ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract: Introduction: Previous data showed bacterial infections among diabetic patients to be more serious and frequent, with higher mortality rates in comparison with non-diabetics. Recent investigations, however, are contradictory. Aim: The goal of our prospective, observational study was to compare patients hospitalized on a general medical ward due to community-acquired bacterial infections with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to those of non-diabetics (K) by 1) infection localization, 2) spectrum of pathogens, 3) three-month mortality rates. Method: Patients were consecutively involved (T2DM: n = 205, K: n = 202). We characterized the infections, clinical parameters, mortalities of the two groups, and matched them to international data. Results: No difference regarding clinical details of the groups were found except for glycemic parameters and BMI. In the T2DM group the skin- and soft tissue- (37.1%), in the K patients respiratory infections (37.1%) were the most common, followed by urinary ones (31.2% and 31.7%, respectively). Skin- and soft tissue infection incidence among T2DM subjects were higher compared to international results (37.1% vs. 16%). Co-presence of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria in the skin- and soft tissue infections (23/76 vs. 5/46, p = 0.0149), and polymicrobial origin in the urinary tract infections (34.0% vs. 15.1%, p = 0.0335) were found to be more frequent in T2DM than in K. No difference regarding mortality rates were detected. In T2DM the skin- and soft tissue while in the K group the respiratory infections had the most death counts. Conclusions: We found higher rates of skin- and soft tissue infections among T2DM patients hospitalized on a general medical ward compared to international data. In total we did not find difference regarding three-month mortality between the groups. Our results highlight the importance of primary prevention and shows its inadequacy concerning skin and soft tissue infections among type 2 diabetics in Hungary. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(41): 1623–1632.

scholarly journals Comparing the quantity and quality of randomised placebo-controlled trials of antibiotics for acute respiratory, urinary, and skin and soft tissue infections: a scoping review

BJGP Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. bjgpopen20X101082
Author(s):  
Mina Bakhit ◽  
Tammy Hoffmann ◽  
Miriam Santer ◽  
Matthew Ridd ◽  
Nick Francis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Gradual Improvement ◽  
Tract Infections

BackgroundThe management of acute respiratory infections (ARIs), urinary tract infections (UTIs), and skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) should be guided by high quality evidence.AimTo compare the quantity and quality of randomised placebo-controlled trials of antibiotics for ARIs, UTIs, and SSTIs.Design & settingA scoping review of the literature was performed using comprehensive search strategies.MethodPubMed and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched for published studies from inception until 17 April 2019. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared participants in primary care or in the community who had uncomplicated acute ARI, UTI, or studies, and were randomised to antibiotic or placebo (or no active treatment), were eligible for inclusion. Two groups of researchers independently screened articles for inclusion, extracted data, and assessed the quality of included studies.ResultsA total of 108 eligible studies were identified: 80 on ARI, eight on UTI, and 20 on SSTI. The quality of studies varied with unclear risk of bias (RoB) prevalent in many domains. There was a gradual improvement in the quality of trials investigating ARIs over time, which could not be assessed in SSTI and UTI studies.ConclusionThis review highlights a sparsity of trials assessing the effectiveness of antibiotics in people with UTIs and SSTIs, compared to trials targeting ARIs. This gap in the evidence needs to be addressed by conducting further high quality trials on the effects of antibiotics in patients with UTI and SSTI.

scholarly journals A Guide to Utilization of the Microbiology Laboratory for Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases: 2018 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Society for Microbiologya

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. e1-e94 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Michael Miller ◽  
Matthew J Binnicker ◽  
Sheldon Campbell ◽  
Karen C Carroll ◽  
Kimberle C Chapin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Healthcare Team ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract The critical nature of the microbiology laboratory in infectious disease diagnosis calls for a close, positive working relationship between the physician/advanced practice provider and the microbiologists who provide enormous value to the healthcare team. This document, developed by experts in laboratory and adult and pediatric clinical medicine, provides information on which tests are valuable and in which contexts, and on tests that add little or no value for diagnostic decisions. This document presents a system-based approach rather than specimen-based approach, and includes bloodstream and cardiovascular system infections, central nervous system infections, ocular infections, soft tissue infections of the head and neck, upper and lower respiratory infections, infections of the gastrointestinal tract, intra-abdominal infections, bone and joint infections, urinary tract infections, genital infections, and other skin and soft tissue infections; or into etiologic agent groups, including arthropod-borne infections, viral syndromes, and blood and tissue parasite infections. Each section contains introductory concepts, a summary of key points, and detailed tables that list suspected agents; the most reliable tests to order; the samples (and volumes) to collect in order of preference; specimen transport devices, procedures, times, and temperatures; and detailed notes on specific issues regarding the test methods, such as when tests are likely to require a specialized laboratory or have prolonged turnaround times. In addition, the pediatric needs of specimen management are also emphasized. There is intentional redundancy among the tables and sections, as many agents and assay choices overlap. The document is intended to serve as a guidance for physicians in choosing tests that will aid them to quickly and accurately diagnose infectious diseases in their patients.

Mono- and mixed respiratory tract infections in children: relevance of the problem during the COVID-19 pandemics

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-138
Author(s):  
S.V. Nikolaeva ◽  
◽  
D.V. Usenko ◽  
S.V. Shabalina ◽  
Yu.N. Khlypovka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Respiratory Pathogen ◽  
Pathogen Identification ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Common Infections

Acute respiratory infections are one of the most common infections in children worldwide. The implementation of novel highly accurate diagnostic methods demonstrated that a significant proportion of respiratory tract infections are caused by more than one pathogen (virus plus virus or virus plus bacterium). Most frequently, mixed infections are observed in young children, which, in addition to non-specificity of most clinical manifestations, necessitates pathogen identification in order to prevent inadequate use of antibiotics. Key words: respiratory infections, children, respiratory pathogen

scholarly journals Decision Analysis Modelling of Costs and Outcomes following Cefepime Monotherapy in Canada

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T Halpern ◽  
Ruth E Brown ◽  
Martine Drolet ◽  
Sonja V Sorensen ◽  
Lionel A Mandell
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Decision Analysis Model ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the comparative cost of treatment and intermediate outcomes (percentage resistant organisms, days in hospital, etc) among cefepime and alternative parenteral antibiotics used for empiric monotherapy.DESIGN: Decision analysis model, based on published literature, clinical trial results and information from infectious disease clinicians.SETTING: A Canadian tertiary care hospital.INTERVENTION: Comparison of cefepime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, skin/soft tissue infections, septicemia and febrile neutropenia.MAIN RESULTS: Cefepime treatment results in the lowest average cost per patient when used as initial empiric therapy for lower respiratory tract infections and for skin/soft tissue infections. Cefepime therapy is among the lowest cost treatments for the other infectious disease conditions and has the lowest cost for a weighted ‘average’ condition. Sensitivity analysis indicates that model results are most sensitive to duration of hospitalization.CONCLUSIONS: Initial empiric monotherapy with cefepime for serious infectious disease conditions may result in cost savings compared with alternative parenteral agents.

A Guide to Utilization of the Microbiology Laboratory for Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases: 2018 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Society for Microbiologya

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 813-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Michael Miller ◽  
Matthew J Binnicker ◽  
Sheldon Campbell ◽  
Karen C Carroll ◽  
Kimberle C Chapin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Healthcare Team ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract The critical nature of the microbiology laboratory in infectious disease diagnosis calls for a close, positive working relationship between the physician/advanced practice provider and the microbiologists who provide enormous value to the healthcare team. This document, developed by experts in laboratory and adult and pediatric clinical medicine, provides information on which tests are valuable and in which contexts, and on tests that add little or no value for diagnostic decisions. This document presents a system-based approach rather than specimen-based approach, and includes bloodstream and cardiovascular system infections, central nervous system infections, ocular infections, soft tissue infections of the head and neck, upper and lower respiratory infections, infections of the gastrointestinal tract, intra-abdominal infections, bone and joint infections, urinary tract infections, genital infections, and other skin and soft tissue infections; or into etiologic agent groups, including arthropod-borne infections, viral syndromes, and blood and tissue parasite infections. Each section contains introductory concepts, a summary of key points, and detailed tables that list suspected agents; the most reliable tests to order; the samples (and volumes) to collect in order of preference; specimen transport devices, procedures, times, and temperatures; and detailed notes on specific issues regarding the test methods, such as when tests are likely to require a specialized laboratory or have prolonged turnaround times. In addition, the pediatric needs of specimen management are also emphasized. There is intentional redundancy among the tables and sections, as many agents and assay choices overlap. The document is intended to serve as a guidance for physicians in choosing tests that will aid them to quickly and accurately diagnose infectious diseases in their patients.

scholarly journals Viral etiology and epidemiology of pediatric patients hospitalized for acute respiratory tract infections in Macao: a retrospective study from 2014 to 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Lei ◽  
Lisong Yang ◽  
Cheong Tat Lou ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Kin Ian SiTou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Viral Etiology ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are among the leading causes of hospitalization in children. Understanding the local dominant viral etiologies is important to inform infection control practices and clinical management. This study aimed to investigate the viral etiology and epidemiology of respiratory infections among pediatric inpatients in Macao. Methods A retrospective study using electronic health records between 2014 and 2017 at Kiang Wu Hospital was performed. Nasopharyngeal swab specimens were obtained from hospitalized children aged 13 years or younger with respiratory tract diseases. xMAP multiplex assays were employed to detect respiratory agents including 10 respiratory viruses. Data were analyzed to describe the frequency and seasonality. Results Of the 4880 children enrolled in the study, 3767 (77.1%) were positive for at least one of the 13 viral pathogens tested, of which 2707 (55.5%) being male and 2635 (70.0%) under 2 years old. Among the positive results, there were 3091 (82.0%) single infections and 676 (18.0%) multiple infections. The predominant viruses included human rhinovirus/enterovirus (HRV/EV 27.4%), adenovirus (ADV, 15.8%), respiratory syncytial virus B (RSVB, 7.8%) and respiratory syncytial virus A (RSVA, 7.8%). The detection of viral infection was the most prevalent in autumn (960/1176, 81.6%), followed by spring (1095/1406, 77.9%), winter (768/992, 77.4%), and summer (944/1306, 72.3%), with HRV/EV and ADV being most commonly detected throughout the 4 years of study period. The detection rate of viral infection was highest among ARI patients presented with croup (123/141, 87.2%), followed by lower respiratory tract infection (1924/2356, 81.7%) and upper respiratory tract infection (1720/2383, 72.2%). FluA, FluB and ADV were positive factors for upper respiratory tract infections. On the other hand, infection with RSVA, RSVB, PIV3, PIV4, HMPV, and EV/RHV were positively associated with lower respiratory tract infections; and PIV1, PIV2, and PIV3 were positively associated with croup. Conclusions This is the first study in Macao to determine the viral etiology and epidemiology of pediatric patients hospitalized for ARIs. The study findings can contribute to the awareness of pathogen, appropriate preventative measure, accurate diagnosis, and proper clinical management of respiratory viral infections among children in Macao.

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