scholarly journals “The fest of the forward culture”. Ludwig van Beethoven’s anniversary in the “Land of Soviets”

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (23) ◽  
pp. 196-209
Author(s):  
Valerii Panasiuk
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
200Th Anniversary ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Artistic Life ◽  
German Composer

The problem field of the study. The celebration of the anniversary of a historical personality gives a meaningful assessment of this person in a particular period from the point of dominant ideological paradigm, indicates his place in a particular socio-cultural space and his significance in the artistic context. This is proved by the celebration of the 200th anniversary of the birth of L. van Beethoven in the Federal Republic of Germany. In the seventies of the 20th century, at the turn of the decade, the reputation of the classical composer as a “sacred figure of spiritual culture” became a factor that escalated the social conflict of generations in his homeland, a vivid manifestation of which were the fateful events of 1968. As a result, the reputation of the “The Great Deaf”, which had been built up over centuries, underwent a radical revision, as indicated by the general “critical pathos” of the anniversary celebration. The celebration of the 200th anniversary of the birth of L. Van Beethoven in the Soviet Union turned out to be completely different in terms of socio-political and artistic directions. Thus, the purpose of the study is to identify the mechanisms of ideological inversion in relation to the great German composer and his work, as well as the peculiarities of the organization of the country’s cultural and artistic life in connection with the anniversary. These issues are still of current interest because: – firstly, referring to the events that happened fifty years ago, we can note the transformation in the perception of the composer’s personality in the socio-cultural space; – secondly, it becomes possible to objectively, without ideological inversion, evaluate the artistic life of the USSR in general and Ukraine in particular (then the UkSSR); – thirdly, the analysis of the jubilee events of that time clearly highlights the fundamental tendencies of modern policy pursued by our state in the field of culture. Results for discussion. The Soviet Union formed an institutionalized image of L. van Beethoven, which was widely replicated by all possible scientific and artistic means in the culture of the 70s of the 20th century. As a result, the image of a mythologized character with a set of fundamentally mandatory, immutable, easily recognizable features that successfully distinguish him from other representatives of the artistic pantheon, was firmly implanted in the minds of the so-called “ordinary citizens” of the USSR: genius, “The Great Deaf” and favorite composer of Lenin. Thus, throughout practically the entire historical period of the USSR, according to the musical preferences of the “leader of the world proletariat”, the personality of L. van Beethoven and his work underwent an ideological inversion, the starting point of which was 1927 – the centenary of the death of the German composer. At that time, the priority goal was to demonstrate that “own” is different from “bourgeois” by marking the centenary of the death of the great German composer. The fact is that this oppositional paradigm of the 1920s formed a universal algorithm of “jubilee celebrations”, according to which a proper program of events (officially, ideologically and artistically approved) was designed and implemented throughout the existence of the Soviet Union. Thus, the 200th anniversary of L. van Beethoven in the Soviet Union at that time acquired all the hallmarks of a national holiday, manifested in governmental celebrations with mass media propaganda and appropriate repertoire in all cultural and artistic institutions in Moscow, Leningrad and Kiev and other cities of the country. A specially created commission headed by D. Shostakovich – the Hero of Socialist Labor, laureate of the Lenin Prize – supervised all the work on organizing the celebrations. On his behalf, the official newspaper of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union “Pravda” on December 16 published a programmatic article “Bequeathed to the Ages” on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the birth of L. van Beethoven. The text was a concentration of propaganda clichés that fully reproduced the ideologically inverted image of the “The Great Deaf”. Thus, the celebration was carried out in the confronting opposition to bourgeois ideology, reflected in the socio-political discourse. Conclusions. As a result, the personality of L. van Beethoven underwent those transformational processes of ideological mythologization. This is evidenced by all the propaganda rhetoric associated with the anniversary celebrations, as well as the content of artistic life in the USSR, which was provided with the necessary budgetary funds. The state cultural policy of that time, focused on the broad (popular) masses, by its nature contradicts today’s trends in meeting the individual spiritual needs of a a personality.

The Fate of the Russian inTelligentsia in the XX Century. Re-Reading Milestones

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-127
Author(s):  
An Qinyan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Art ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Russian Intelligentsia

The article provides an analysis of historical events in Russia in the 20th century from the point of view of the influence of the Russian intelligentsia on them, its the­oretical and practical activities. The starting point for the author is the collection Milestones (1909) and the criticism of the intelligentsia, which is the main meaning of the articles in this collection. The author shows that, despite the great influence of the intellectuals on the fate of Russia, they was not able to fully realize its ideals, and the fate of many of them was tragic. Their ideals were in contradiction with the real life of Russia, and later of the Soviet Union, they did not take into account the peculiarities of the development of the Russian and then the Soviet state and society. Their attempts to go against social practice inevitably ended in failure, while the de­sire to act in accordance with social practice often led to results that were contrary to their ideals. According to the author, the fate of the Russian intelligentsia in the 20th century confirmed the correctness of the materialist understanding of history, according to which, in the absence of ideals, movement forward has neither a driv­ing force nor a direction, and without reliance on practice, all ideals turn into utopia. Therefore, the correct solution to the problem of connecting excellent ideals and ob­jective practice is a matter of high political art. In the process of modernizing a backward state, the intelligentsia has a special mission.

Konstruktivizam u obrazovanju odraslih

2018 ◽  
pp. 31-48
Author(s):  
Aleksa Jovanović
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Adult Education ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Central Function ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Constructivist Epistemology ◽  
Meaning Theories

Constructivism is a term that takes up more space in social sciences since the second half of the 20th century, although the term itself was coines earlier, specifically in the 1920s when it signified an artistic and architectural movement in the Soviet Union. One assumption of this paper is that the activity is a central function and it is implanted in the concept of constructivism since its creation. This paper offers a brief overview of the development of term constructivism and later explains the basic epistemological assumptions on which constructivist theories are based. What is common to all constructivist theories is proactive cognition, that is, the already mentioned activity, in this case, in the process of making a meaning. Theories of adult education zhat rely on constructivist epistemology are also presented. Finally, the paper explanis the understanding of activity in teaching and the application of the constructivist principle in teaching.

About socialist competition

1929 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 977-982
Author(s):  
Aria Ya. Pleshitser
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Socialist Competition ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Working People ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Socialist Emulation ◽  
Advanced Capitalist

The XVI Party Conference in its appeal to all workers and toiling peasants of the Soviet Union on socialist emulation points out: Gigantic tasks have been set by history for the working people of our country. In a relatively short historical period, we must catch up and overtake the advanced capitalist countries in technical and economic terms, carrying out the socialist reconstruction of the entire national economy.

THE MAIN STAGES OF THE FORMATION OF THE UKRAINIAN DIASPORA IN THE UNITED STATES

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-101
Author(s):  
Ol’ga A. Pylova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article focuses on the emigration of Ukrainians to the US and the formation of a Ukrainian diaspora there. Emigration from ethnic Ukrainian territories began at the end of the nineteenth century and has continued to the present day. The generally accepted periodisation considers five waves of emigration (before 1914, 1914–1945, 1945–1986, 1986–2014 and after 2014) and therefore five stages of the diaspora formation. As the study shows, the stages or waves of emigration from Ukraine largely coincide with the migration processes in the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union and finally in the post-Sovi- et space, but there are also a number of differences that need to be understood. The diaspora issues were often linked to issues of emigrant self-determination, identity formation as well as the policies of the recipient state. Political, social, educational and other organisations have been formed within the diaspora over the course of its existence, with the diaspora institutionalisation pro- cesses varying according to the specific historical period. In the context of the continuation of the next stage of Ukrainian emigration to the United States and the evolution of the diaspora today, a historical and genetic study of the transmigration of Ukrainians overseas and the formation of diaspora structures acquires particular relevance.

Dynamics of Cultural and Educational Processes of National Minorities of Transcarpathia of the Second Half of the 20th Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-253
Author(s):  
Natalija Malets ◽  
Oleksandr Malets
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
National Minority ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The People ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
Socialist Economic

The article analyses the dynamics of ethnic composition and ethnic processes in Transcarpathia in the second half of the 20th century, as well as ethno-cultural processes of national consolidation of Ukrainians of the region as part of the Ukrainian nation. The paper evaluates the practice of the Soviet state and the ideology of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) to determine the nature, content and directions of all ethno-national and ethno-cultural policies in Transcarpathia. While researching the consolidation processes of Transcarpathian Ukrainians as part of the Ukrainian nation, the authors showed that the development of the traditions of Ukrainian national culture was seen in the environment of the creative intelligentsia and the majority of the people as an alternative to ideological communication. It is justified that the main goal of the communist authorities in Transcarpathia in 1945-1991 was to establish socialist, economic, political and ideological regime in the region. In order to accelerate this process, a Russian (Russian-speaking) national minority was hastily created in the region by the state authorities, which, having occupied leading political, ideological and economic positions, became a reliable support for the new communist regime. The article analyses the dynamics of ethnic composition and ethnic processes in Transcarpathia in the second half of the 20th century, as well as ethno-cultural processes of national consolidation of Ukrainians of the region as part of the Ukrainian nation. The paper evaluates the practice of the Soviet state and the ideology of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) to determine the nature, content and directions of all ethno-national and ethno-cultural policies in Transcarpathia. While researching the consolidation processes of Transcarpathian Ukrainians as part of the Ukrainian nation, the authors showed that the development of the traditions of Ukrainian national culture was seen in the environment of the creative intelligentsia and the majority of the people as an alternative to ideological communication. It is justified that the main goal of the communist authorities in Transcarpathia in 1945-1991 was to establish socialist, economic, political and ideological regime in the region. In order to accelerate this process, a Russian (Russian-speaking) national minority was hastily created in the region by the state authorities, which, having occupied leading political, ideological and economic positions, became a reliable support for the new communist regime.

CULTURAL CONTACTS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHINA IN THE FIELD OF MUSIC AND DRAMA THEATER (50s of the XXth century)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
Wang Kaidi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Musical Theater ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
Musical Drama ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Chinese Theatre ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Queen Of Spades ◽  
Eugene Onegin

The article is devoted to the cultural cooperation between the USSR and the People's Republic of China in the field of musical theater. The Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance between these two countries, signed in Moscow on February 14, 1950, became a starting point in the development of cultural contacts. The most productive period was from 1949 to early 1960s. An important marker of the development of Soviet-Chinese cultural relations was the tour of theater troupes from both countries to the Soviet Union and the Celestial Empire. The Stanislavsky and Nemirovich-Danchenko Moscow Musical Theater team visited China in 1954, and later the artists of the Shaoxing Opera and the Shanghai Theater of Beijing Musical Drama demonstrated their art in Russian cities. The two countries' directors showed mutual interest in the classical opera art of their counterparts: in Beijing and Tianjin P. I. Tchaikovsky's "Eugene Onegin" and "The Queen of Spades" were performed by Chinese singers, while in Russian cities the traditional Chinese theatre plays "The Spilled Cup" and "The Grey-Haired Girl" were staged by Russian artists.

11. Is Marx still relevant?

2018 ◽  
pp. 101-118
Author(s):  
Peter Singer
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Financial Crises ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Dominant Ideology ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The World ◽  
Proletarian Revolution

By the early 20th century, Marxism was the dominant ideology of the left, especially in Europe. Marxism spread significantly around the world after the two world wars, but Marx’s prominence went into abrupt decline in 1991, with the collapse of the Soviet Union. Since then, China has been the most significant avowedly Marxist country. ‘Is Marx still relevant?’ considers whether Marx’s views are still relevant when dealing with worldwide inequality, global financial crises, the age of globalization, and climate change. It concludes that Marx’s ideas about the role that economic interests play in our intellectual and political lives will remain relevant, but that his prediction of the inevitability of a proletarian revolution will not.

scholarly journals Problems of spatial planning, zoning and urban development in modern Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 03050
Author(s):  
Sergei Mezentsev
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Negative Phenomena ◽  
Made In

The purpose of this article is a comprehensive review of spatial and urban planning, and zoning in modern Russia. The starting point of the study is the experience of territorial, urban planning and zoning of the Soviet Union, which has achieved significant success in this area of activity. To achieve this goal, we used the books of modern Russian researchers and the author’s publications of this article, as well as materials posted on the Internet, applied philosophical and scientific approaches and research methods: systemic, dialectic, socio-humanitarian, anthropological, environmental, aesthetic and cybernetic approaches, as well as methods of observation, analysis, synthesis, analogy, comparison, generalization. As a result of the study, many negative phenomena and mistakes made in the territorial planning, zoning and urban development of post-Soviet Russia were revealed: the system was lost, the laws of dialectics are violated, there is no synergy between state structures and civil society, there is an excessive concentration of the population in Moscow and the Moscow region, it isn’t possible to provide comfortable and safe living conditions for each person and, the most importantly, environmental problems in cities and neighboring territories become more acute.

The Evolution of Centripetal Fraternalism: The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe

1985 ◽  
Vol 481 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-103
Author(s):  
MARCIN SAR
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Economic Independence ◽  
The West ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Soviet Union

The author comments on the dynamics of Moscow's effort to reconcile its pursuit of control over Eastern Europe with its interest in a viable Eastern Europe, one that is stable and capable of self-sustaining development. Although Moscow has always exercised control in military matters, it allowed some Eastern Europeans economic independence in the 1970s. Changing circumstances in the 1980s, however, have caused the Kremlin to rethink its relationships with its Eastern European “satallies”— half satellites, half allies. Moscow faces dilemmas in areas such as energy, agriculture, the Eastern European states' relations with the West, economic reforms occurring in Eastern Europe, and integration within COMECON. How Moscow resolves these dilemmas lies at the core of its future relationships with Eastern Europe. Other important factors include the lessons learned from Poland, East Germany's evolving relationship with the Federal Republic of Germany, and China's growing economic and political initiatives vis-à-vis Eastern Europe.

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