Specification for nylon tubing

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nylon Tubing

An Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Wave Propagation in Teflon and Nylon Tubing With Methods to Prevent Aliasing in Pressure Scanners

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam M. Hurst ◽  
Joe VanDeWeert
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Response ◽  
Dynamic Pressure ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Pressure Transmission ◽  
Dynamic Pressure Measurements ◽  
Nylon Tubing

Accurate static and dynamic pressure measurements provide the feedback needed to advance gas turbine efficiency and reliability as well as improve aircraft design and flight control. During turbine testing and aircraft flight testing, flush mounting pressure transducers at the desired pressure measurement location is not always feasible and recess mounting with connective tubing is often used as an alternative. Resonances in the connective tubing can result in aliasing within pressure scanners even within a narrow bandwidth and especially when higher frequency content DC to ∼125Hz is desired. We present experimental results that investigate tube resonances and attenuation in 1.35mm inner diameter (ID) (used on 0.063in tubulations) and 2.69mm ID (used on 0.125in tubulations) Teflon and Nylon tubing at various lengths. We utilize a novel dynamic pressure generator, capable of creating large changes in air pressure (<1psi to 10psi, <6.8kPa to 68.9kPa), to determine the frequency response of such tubing from ∼1Hz to 2,800Hz. We further compare these experimental results to established analytical models for propagation of pressure disturbances in narrow tubes. While significant theoretical and experimental work relating to the frequency response of connective tubing or transmission lines has been published, there is limited literature presenting experimental frequency response data with air as the media in elastic tubing. In addition, little progress has been made in addressing the issue of tubing-related aliasing within pressure scanners, as the low sampling rate in scanners often makes post-processing antialiasing filters ineffective. The experimental results and analytical models presented herein can be used as a guideline to prevent aliasing and signal distortion by guiding the proper design of pressure transmission systems, resulting in accurate static and dynamic pressure measurements with pressure scanners. The data presented here should serve as a reference to instrumentation engineers so that they can make higher frequency measurements (up to ∼125Hz, currently) and are able to quantify the expected pressure transmission line (tube) attenuation and know if aliasing will be a concern. This information will give engineers greater measurement capability when using pressure scanners to make static and dynamic pressure measurements.

A Flow Method for Determination of the Kinetic Parameters for Immobilized Enzymes

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. T. Ngo ◽  
P. S. Bunting ◽  
K. J. Laidler
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Immobilized Enzymes ◽  
Flow Cell ◽  
Substrate Solution ◽  
Flow Method ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Electric Eel ◽  
Nylon Tubing

A flow method is described for determination of the kinetic parameters (Vm and Km) for enzymes that are bound to particles, to membranes, and to the interior surfaces of tubes. Substrate solution is pumped through Tygon tubing to a microvolume flow cell and back into the reaction mixture, the flow rate being adjusted to be faster than the rate of formation of product. To illustrate the technique, it is applied to the determination of the parameters for electric-eel acetylcholinesterase attached to particles, to membranes, and to the inner surface of nylon tubing.

Liver alcohol dehydrogenase immobilized in nylon tubing: ([Substrate]) kinetic behaviour

1991 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-196
Author(s):  
M. G. Roig ◽  
J. B. Bello ◽  
C. de Celis ◽  
J. M. Cachaza ◽  
J. F. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Kinetic Behaviour ◽  
Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Nylon Tubing

Flow kinetics of lactate dehydrogenase chemically attached to nylon tubing

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 774-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Daka ◽  
K. J. Laidler
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Rabbit Muscle ◽  
Modified Technique ◽  
Muscle Lactate ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Diffusion Controlled ◽  
Michaelis Constants ◽  
Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Nylon Tubing

Rabbit muscle lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) was attached covalently to the inner surface of nylon tubing; a modified technique, involving benzidine and glutaraldehyde, was used, and the resulting immobilized enzyme showed no loss of activity over a period of several months. An experimental study was made of the flow kinetics for the reaction between pyruvate and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in two limiting cases, one substrate in excess and the concentration of the other one varied. A range of flow rates and temperatures was covered. The results were analyzed in various ways on the basis of the Kobayashi–Laidler treatment of flow systems. It was concluded that the kinetics are largely diffusion-controlled, especially at the lower substrate concentrations and flow rates. The values of the apparent Michaelis constants vary with flow rate vf, being linear in vf−1/3, and the values extrapolated to infinite flow rate (vf−1/3 = 0) approach the values for the enzyme in free solution. Analysis of the rates led to activation energies for the diffusion of the two substrates.

Flow kinetics of immobilized β-glucosidase

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuchiong Hsuanyu ◽  
Keith J. Laidler
Keyword(s):  
Ph Dependence ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Free Enzyme ◽  
Diffusion Control ◽  
Michaelis Constant ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Nylon Tubing ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Substrate Concentrations

The enzyme β-glucosidase was attached covalently to the inner surface of nylon tubing. Flow kinetic studies were carried out at a range of temperatures, pH values, flow rates, and substrate concentrations. Various tests showed that the extent of diffusion control was negligible. At 25 °C the Michaelis constant was 33.4 mM, not greatly different from the value for the enzyme in free solution. The pH dependence was similar to that for the free enzyme. The Arrhenius plots showed inflexions at about 22 °C, as with the free enzyme, the changes in slope being small at the pH optimum of about 5.9 and becoming much more pronounced as the pH is increased or decreased. The immobilized enzyme is more stable than the free enzyme, both on storage at low and higher temperatures, and its reuse stability is greater.

Heparin - substituted nylon tubing as a model for the study of lipoprotein interactions and metabolism

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 308S-308S
Author(s):  
Amanda J. Redfern ◽  
Frederick S. Wusteman ◽  
Harry D. Griffin ◽  
Anthony Cryer
Keyword(s):  
Nylon Tubing

An Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Wave Propagation in Teflon and Nylon Tubing With Methods to Prevent Aliasing in Pressure Scanners

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam M. Hurst ◽  
Joe VanDeWeert
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Response ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Flight Control ◽  
Dynamic Pressure ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Experimental Frequency ◽  
Nylon Tubing

Accurate static and dynamic pressure measurements provide the feedback needed to advance gas turbine efficiency and reliability as well as improve aircraft design and flight control. During turbine testing and aircraft flight testing, flush mounting pressure transducers at the desired pressure measurement location is not always feasible and recess mounting with connective tubing is often used as an alternative. Resonances in the connective tubing can result in aliasing within pressure scanners even within a narrow bandwidth and especially when higher frequency content dc to ∼125 Hz is desired. We present experimental results that investigate tube resonances and attenuation in 1.35 mm inner diameter (I.D.) (used on 0.063 in. tubulations) and 2.69 mm I.D. (used on 0.125 in. tubulations) Teflon and Nylon tubing at various lengths. We utilize a novel dynamic pressure generator, capable of creating large changes in air pressure (<1 psi to 10 psi, <6.8 kPa to 68.9 kPa), to determine the frequency response of such tubing from ∼1 Hz to 2800 Hz. We further compare these experimental results to established analytical models for propagation of pressure disturbances in narrow tubes. While significant theoretical and experimental work relating to the frequency response of connective tubing or transmission lines has been published, there is limited literature presenting experimental frequency response data with air as the media in elastic tubing. In addition, little progress has been made in addressing the issue of tubing-related aliasing within pressure scanners, as the low sampling rate in scanners often makes postprocessing antialiasing filters ineffective.

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