Animal feeding stuffs: Methods of sampling and analysis. Predictive equations for metabolizable energy in feed materials and compound feed (pet food) for cats and dogs including dietetic food

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Pet Food ◽  
Predictive Equations ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
Dietetic Food

scholarly journals Analysis of crop residues availability for animal feed in Kebbi State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Illo ◽  
Ango A. Kamba ◽  
S. Umar ◽  
A. Abubakar
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Nutrient Value ◽  
Likert Rating Scale ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
The Common ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

This study analyzed the use of crop residues in animal feeding in Kebbi state, Nigeria. Data for the study was generated through the use of structured questionnaire and three points Likert rating scale and data obtained was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results of the study revealed that all (100%) the respondents were male, active and productive in ages (18-47 years) with majority having non - formal education (Qur’anic education) and common mode of land acquisition being through inheritance (70%). Findings of the study further revealed that the common crop residue utilized by the respondents was groundnut haulm (40%) and both cowpea haulm and millet stalks (20%) that were mostly (89%) sourced from their farms, stored and preserved through baling (71%). Majority (90%) of the respondents infer that large proportion of the metabolizable energy is wasted during eating and digestion of low quality crop residues. The study concluded that groundnut haulms and sorghum stalks were the common crop residues utilized for feeding animals, mostly stored and preserved locally with the use of silos and drums. The study recommends that government and the respondents should come up with modern storage and preservation methods of crop residues in order to improve its nutrient value and avoid spoilage.

Use of straw and cellulosic wastes and methods of improving their value

1980 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
J. F. D. Greenhalgh
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Working Party ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Maintenance Requirements

The most widely-quoted estimates of straw supplies and usage in England and Wales are those of a working party of the National Farmers Union (1973). They assumed the yield of straw to be 2.8 t/ha, and hence 9.3 Mt from 3.4 M ha of cereals in 1972. (The same yield from 3.7 M ha of cereals in the UK would give 10.4 Mt.) Of the 9.3 Mt, 37% was estimated to be burned in the field or ploughed in, 36% used for bedding, 15% used for feed, and 12% used for other purposes. The figure of 2.4 t/ha (1 t/acre) may well be too low. Short (1974) found straw yields at four Experimental Husbandry Farms over several years to be as follows (t/ha): winter wheat 3.71, spring wheat 4.68, spring barley 2.71, and spring oats 4.54. Wood (1974) surveyed wheat crops in Oxfordshire in 1973 and found yields of 3.7 t/ha. The total quantity of straw available is therefore likely to be considerably in excess of 9.3 Mt and could if necessary be increased further by cutting at a lower level. The accuracy of the National Farmers Union estimate of 0.15 × 10.4 = 1.6 Mt used for animal feeding is also questionable, but this amount would — if it contained 6.5 MJ metabolizable energy (ME)/kg dry matter (DM) — be sufficient to provide only about 7% of the maintenance requirements of all cattle in Britain. On a larger scale, Balch (1977) has calculated that if all the straw grown in Europe were improved by chemical treatment it could provide 80 to 90% of the maintenance requirements of Europe's ruminant livestock. World estimates for the production of straw and other fibrous wastes are given by Owen (1976).

The metabolizable energy of field beans (Vicia Faba L.) for poultry

1968 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Carpenter ◽  
C. L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Computer Calculation ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
A Value ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Navy Beans ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
Pinto Beans ◽  
Field Beans

Although beans are grown primarily because samples they are richer in protein than the cereal grains, the energy they contribute to mixed diets is also important. An unpublished computer calculation of least-cost formulae for laying hen diets has indicated that if two samples of bean meal were of the same composition, except that one had 300 kcal/lb more metabolizable energy (M. E.) than the other, its worth would be more than £3/ton greater. The actual range of values taken for bean meals in this country is considerably wider than 300 kcal/lb. Bolton (1963) lists a value of 830 kcal/lb, whilst Bolton (1967) lists 1400 kcal/lb. Titus (1955) lists 610 and 640 kcal/lb though specifying that these values refer to navy beans and pinto beans respectively (both being Phaseolus vulgaris). Bletner, Chalhoub & Geff (1963) were unable to find any published value for ‘horse’ or ‘field’ beans as (i. e. Vicia faba), the type normally used for animal feeding in Britain.

scholarly journals Use of the precision-fed cecectomized rooster assay to determine standardized amino acid digestibility, true metabolizable energy content, and digestible indispensable amino acid scores of plant-based protein by-products used in canine and feline diets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren M Reilly ◽  
Patrick C von Schaumburg ◽  
Jolene M Hoke ◽  
Gary M Davenport ◽  
Pamela L Utterback ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Pet Food ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acid ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acids ◽  
Limiting Amino Acid ◽  
By Products

Abstract Traditionally, protein by-products from oil seeds and cereal grains have been used in pet foods as sustainable, inexpensive, and protein-rich ingredients. However, the on-going demonization of soy- and corn-based ingredients continue to hinder their use in pet food and treat formulations. Ideally, the further demonstration of their protein quality and nutrient composition may encourage their favorable return as acceptable ingredients in pet foods and treats. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the macronutrient composition, indispensable amino acid profile, standardized amino acid digestibility, true metabolizable energy content corrected for nitrogen (TMEn), and digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS-like) of soy flakes (SF), peanut flour (PF), soybean meal (SBM), and corn gluten meal (CGM). Standardized amino acid digestibility was assessed using the precision-fed cecectomized rooster assay. All test ingredients demonstrated a profile of highly digestible indispensable amino acids except for lysine in PF, which was lowest (P < 0.05) at 45.5%. The SBM and CGM had the highest (P > 0.05) digestibilities of indispensable amino acids. A DIAAS-like values was calculated for each ingredient using either AAFCO (2020) recommended values or NRC (2006) recommended allowances as the reference protein pattern. For adult dogs compared to AAFCO recommended values, the first-limiting amino acid was lysine for PF and CGM but it was methionine for SF and SBM. For adult cats compared to AAFCO recommended values, the first-limiting amino acid was lysine for PF and CGM but it was threonine for SF. There was no first-limiting amino acid in SBM for cats as DIAAS-like values were over 100% for all indispensable amino acids. The TMEn values were highest (P < 0.05) for PF and CGM (4.58 and 4.31 kcal/g [dry matter basis], respectively). The protein quality of these plant-based protein by-products reflect their value as nutritional ingredients for canine and feline diets. However, the prior processing of these by-products must be considered before exposing them to additional processing methods, such as extrusion. Additionally, the inclusion of complementary proteins or supplemental amino acids will be needed to meet all indispensable amino acid requirements for a nutritionally complete and balanced pet food.

scholarly journals Proximate composition, bio-chemical and microbial quality of pet food prepared from chicken byproducts by incorporating cauliflower wastes

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 767-770
Author(s):  
N. Brindha ◽  
V. Appa Rao
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Pet Food ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Pet Owner

A study was under taken on preparation of pet food from chicken head (20 %), feet meal (15 %) and cauliflower waste meal (10 %). The proximate composition, chemical and microbial qualities were analysed. The proximate composition (%) viz., crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, total ash, nitrogen free extract and metabolizable energy (K Cal/100g) of pet food on dry matter basis were 26.63, 18.52, 1.38, 10.29, 43.17 and 422.28, respectively. The thiobarbituric acid from 0.46 to 2.52 mg MA/kg, tyrosine value 35.53 to 77.36 mg/100g and total viable count log 3.46 to 5.90 cfu/g were increasing significantly (P<0.01) and yeast and mould count was not detected up to 50 days of storage period. The pets were fed with prepared pet food and evaluated by pet owner gave score for appearance, consistency, odour which were in normal range and overall acceptability was good.

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