Underwater acoustics. Quantities and procedures for description and measurement of underwater sound from ships

Methodology for environmental impact assessment of underwater noise on marine mammals

The APPEA Journal ◽

10.1071/aj10030 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 467

Author(s):

Dick Petersen ◽

Antoine David ◽

Darren Jurevicius

Keyword(s):

Oil And Gas ◽

Sound Propagation ◽

Underwater Acoustics ◽

Oil And Gas Industry ◽

Marine Species ◽

Marine Ecology ◽

Underwater Sound ◽

Underwater Noise ◽

Mammal Species ◽

Marine Fauna

The oil and gas industry uses some exploration and production technologies that produce high levels of underwater sound, such as seismic surveys, underwater blasting for demolition and construction, and offshore piling. These underwater noise sources have the potential to impact marine species, which are usually reliant on sound instead of light as their primary sense for communication and sensing their environment. Regulatory interest in minimising the impacts of underwater noise on marine fauna is increasing. This paper presents a methodology for assessing these environmental impacts, with particular focus on cetaceans (whales and dolphins) and pinnipeds (seals and sea lions), although it can easily be adapted to other marine mammal species and fishes. It requires input from a variety of fields, such as: underwater acoustics for sound propagation modelling and source noise characterisation; marine bio-acoustics for determining the effects of sound on marine species’ hearing and communication; and marine ecology for identifying the marine species that may be affected and assessing the biological importance of noise-affected marine areas. These inputs are used in a risk assessment to assess the likely impacts of underwater noise on marine species, which is a collaborative effort by specialists in the fields of underwater acoustics, marine bio-acoustics and marine ecology.

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Analysis for Underwater Sound on Natural River Habitat

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20184002047 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 02047

Author(s):

Jung-Eun Gu ◽

Sang Hwa Jung ◽

Joongu Kang ◽

Hyoseop Woo

Keyword(s):

Underwater Acoustics ◽

Fish Habitat ◽

Habitat Type ◽

High Water ◽

Physical Structure ◽

Physical Habitat ◽

Hydraulic Characteristics ◽

Underwater Sound ◽

Underwater Acoustic ◽

Sound Environment

A riffle-pool structure is a representative physical structure of bed in rivers. The change in the physical parameter of the habitat could lead to changes in the sound environment of rivers, which are expressed by underwater acoustics. This change in underwater sound affects fish habitat. In this study, the changes of underwater acoustics were analyzed according to the change of pool-riffle sequence in a natural river. And the correlation between underwater acoustics and hydraulic characteristics was investigated. The survey for underwater acoustics was performed in the Namdae stream where is in Gangwon province. This stream belongs to the Han River basin and the river length is 39.01 km and the catchment area is 127.56 km2. The Namdae stream is a river that accounts for more than 70% of salmon returning to South Korea. The spawning salmon will return to this area around November after growing in the Bering Sea. It is important to manage the fish habitat in this river so there is a lot of research on the enhancement of fish habitat. Hydraulic characteristics were changed by the river bed structure. In this study, we investigated the relationship between underwater acoustic characteristics and hydraulic factors such as riverbed material, flow rate and water depth of each habitat type at 12 sites. The characteristics of underwater acoustic differed relative to different hydraulic factors of the two habitats, which is riffle and pool. The sound pressure level of riffles was relatively higher than that of the pools due to bed materials, shallow depth and high water velocity of riffles. In the future, it is considered that the underwater sound can be utilized as a parameter to evaluate the physical habitat environment of the river.

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