Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures. Technical requirements for cold-formed structural steel elements and cold-formed structures for roof, ceiling, floor and wall applications

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Steel ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Technical Requirements

Structural Steel Performance Following Severe Earthquake Loading

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (31) ◽  
pp. 4149-4153
Author(s):  
W. G. Fergusona ◽  
C. K. Seal ◽  
M. A. Hodgson ◽  
G. C. Clifton
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Strain ◽  
Structural Steel ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Earthquake Loading ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Steel Buildings ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Tension And Compression ◽  
Business District

The second Christchurch earthquake on February 22, 2011, Magnitude 6.35, generated more intense shaking in the Central Business District than the September 4, 2010 Darfield earthquake, Magnitude 7.1. The second earthquake was closer to the CBD and at shallow depth, resulting in peak ground accelerations 3 times higher. There was significant failure of unreinforced masonry buildings and collapse of a few reinforced concrete buildings, leading to loss of life. Steel structures on the whole performed well during the earthquake and the plastic, inelastic deformation was less than expected given the strength of the recorded ground accelerations. For steel buildings designed to withstand earthquake loading, a design philosophy is to have some structural elements deform plastically, absorbing energy in the process. Typically elements of beams are designed to plastically deform while the columns remain elastic. In the earthquake some of these elements deformed plastically and the buildings were structurally undamaged. The question which then arises is; the building may be safe, but will it withstand a further severe earthquake? In other words how much further plastic work damage can be absorbed without failure of the structural element? Previous research at Auckland on modern structural steel, where the steel was prestrained various levels, to represent earthquake loading, the toughness was determined, as a function of prestrain for the naturally strain-aged steel. Further research, on the same steel, investigated life to failure for cyclic plastic straining in tension and compression loading at various plastic strain amplitudes. This work has shown that provided the plastic strain in the structural element is in the range 2 – 5% the steel will still meet the relevant NZ Standards. To determine the remaining life the plastic strain must be determ ined then the decision made; to use the building as is, replace the structural element or demolish.

scholarly journals Driving factors and obstacles in adopting structural steel in Hong Kong: Case studies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Albert P.C. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Structural Steel ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
Framed Structures ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Long Span ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Early Return

The construction applications of structural steel mainly include super high-rise buildings and long-span structures. The advantages offered by structural steel to the construction sector and building environment have long been recognised, as evidenced by the increasing market share of structural steelwork in many marketplaces, but not in Hong Kong. The annual import quantity of fabricated steel structures in Hong Kong is 0.2 - 0.3 million tons, which indicates a low demand for structural steelwork in the local construction industry. This study aims to identify the major barriers and potential driving factors to the use of structural steel in Hong Kong. Interviews were conducted with a private developer, three main contractors, and two steel specialist contractors. These industry professionals offered four construction applications that addressed the major problems and driving factors for using steel-framed structures. The four cases included a Chinese opera centre, a swimming pool, a 24-story hotel, and a commercial building. These case studies reveal that steel-framed structures are adopted only for projects that have technical requirements. Otherwise, reinforced concrete structures are used because steel-framed structures are cost-efficient for super high-rise and long-span structures but not for normal types of buildings. The fast construction of structural steelwork can result in an early return on investment, which may outweigh the high construction cost. This advantage will be particularly significant for retail building projects with high land prices in Hong Kong. This study offers strategies for facilitating the fast construction of structural steelwork. If these strategies are implemented to resolve problems, then the application of steel-framed structures to many tall buildings in Hong Kong can be feasible.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE TECHNIQUE IN REDUCING COSTS AND ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS, A CASE STUDY IN THE RUSTAN STEEL STRUCTURE PRODUCTION COMPANY IN ERBIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (07) ◽  
pp. 314-328
Author(s):  
Ghazi Abdulazeez SULAIMAN BAG ◽  
Rafiq Faraj MAHMOOD
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Product Life ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

This research was - case study in Rstin company for the steel structures in Erbil- addressed the cost technique of product life cycle, as discussed the kinds, relevance and the stages of the life cycle of the product, also it referred to the corporate governance of discussing its inception the concept and importance of the principles, objectives, and mechanisms was addressed to the technical aspects of the overlap between the cost of the product life cycle corporate governance and show the appropriate techniques used in each stage of the life cycle of the product and how it achieved by a reduction of costs. The result of this study indicates that the integration between the product life cycle cost and corporate governance works on reduce costs through the various stages of product life cycle. It also concluded that this integration increases the company ability to compete in market which leads to rise in its market share and eventually lead to maximize the profit which has been achieved through the optimal use of a company available resources. It also found that the techniques of life cycle cost of the product cannot be applied without support of the company directors, throughout the technical requirements of the application. Corporate governance ensures directors of the company to utilize firm resources which makes the company to achieve several stakeholders' objectives.

Stochastic modelling of corroded surface features of structural steel under sulfate attack

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/3842 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youde Wang ◽  
Xiaodong Zhou ◽  
Shanhua Xu
Keyword(s):  
Structural Steel ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Stochastic Modelling ◽  
Corrosion Damage ◽  
Sulfate Attack ◽  
General Corrosion ◽  
Accelerated Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Depth ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Pit Depth

Steel structures exposed to the sulfate corrosive environment for a long time will inevitably suffer random corrosion damage, which will lead to uncertain degradation in the mechanical properties of materials and structures. The safety and reliability assessments of corroded steel structures largely depend on the quantification of corrosion characteristics. In order to investigate the corrosion features of structural steel under sulfate attack, six batches of accelerated corrosion experiments were conducted on 18 steel specimens. The surface morphologies of all corroded coupons were firstly measured by a 3D surface profilometer, and then the surface parameters were calculated/extracted and analyzed by a self-written analysis algorithm to clarify the distribution characteristics and evolution laws of corrosion depth, pit depth and pit shape. The results revealed that the corrosion form of structural steel under sulfate attack was a rather uneven general corrosion, which exhibited the intersection of general corrosion and pits. The corrosion depth obeyed a normal distribution, and its average value, standard deviation, and the power spectrum peak increased as the corrosion age increased. The depth and aspect ratio of corrosion pits were both in accord with the lognormal distribution and showed the increasing and decreasing trend with the corrosion time going on, respectively. Besides, the probabilities of different pit shapes in different depth ranges were obtained, in which cone pits accounted for the largest proportion, and the pits gradually changed from cylindrical and hemispherical to conical with the increase of pit depth. In the end, the random models for corrosion depth and pits were established based on the statistical results, which realized the reconstruction and random modelling of corrosion characteristics of structural steel under sulfate attack.

The Engineering Implications and Economics of Surface Preparation of Mild Steel Prior to Fabrication

1950 ◽  
Vol 162 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-65
Author(s):  
W. A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Structural Steel ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Metallic Coatings ◽  
Shot Blasting ◽  
Major Improvement ◽  
The Cost

Those steel structures which are subject to repainting during service are considered, particularly those subject to exposed atmospheric conditions. Since any major improvement in paint life is dependent on surface preparation, alternative methods are examined. Mechanical shot blasting is the cheapest method for structural steel, but it is only possible prior to fabrication. The choice of prime coats, which must satisfy several requirements, lies between paint, oil, and metallic coatings. It is believed that suitable paint could be developed. No suitable oil is yet available, and of the metallic coatings sprayed aluminium is the most suitable. Fabrication difficulties, and in particular welding, require further investigation. The cost of painting a structure during a life of fifty years shows that surface preparation prior to fabrication is economical.

Assessing Soil Corrosivity for Buried Structural Steel

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannick Beauregard ◽  
Andrea Mah
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Structural Steel ◽  
Corrosion Protection ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Soil Corrosivity ◽  
Corrosion Of Steel

Abstract Corrosion of steel structures in soils has been a topic of industrial research for many decades. The research has shown that the corrosivity of a soil is highly variable and a function of numerous interconnected parameters including soil resistivity, moisture content and pH. Despite the complexity of the soil environment, methods to evaluate soil corrosivity, guidelines for corrosion control during the design phase and lifetime of a structure have been developed. By applying this understanding, an opportunity exists to optimize the corrosion protection and capital expenses for new projects associated with corrosion protection of buried structural steel components. For instance, for new projects, e.g., identifying regions of low corrosivity where coatings are not required could lead to cost savings without compromising the integrity of the structure. However, within the industry, there is no universally accepted method to guide such decisions. This paper is intended to address this issue by presenting a literature review and a case study on the topic. The literature review identifies the factors that influence the corrosion of buried steel structures, the range of corrosion rates observed on buried steel structures and quantitative and qualitative methods for assessing soil corrosivity. In the desktop case study, industry standards identified during the literature review (AASHTO R27-01, DIN50929-3:2018, ANSI/AWWA C105/A21.5 and Eurocode 3-5) are applied to applied to evaluate the soil corrosivity at three meter station sites in Alberta. The results are compared and recommendations for implementation are discussed. DIN 50929-3 stands out among the standards as it provides conservative estimates based on the most comprehensive data set and unlike the other standards, it assesses soil corrosivity both qualitatively and quantitatively.

scholarly journals Experimental Data Assessment and Fatigue Design Recommendation for Stainless-Steel Welded Joints

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng ◽  
Chen ◽  
Dong
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Fatigue Strength ◽  
Structural Steel ◽  
Fatigue Test ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Design Codes ◽  
Inverse Slope ◽  
Fatigue Design

Stainless steel possesses outstanding advantages such as good corrosion resistance and long service life. Stainless steel is one of the primary materials used for sustainable structures, and welding is one of the main connection modes of stainless-steel bridges and other structures. Therefore, fatigue damage at welded joints deserves attention. The existing fatigue design codes of stainless-steel structures mainly adopt the design philosophy of structural steel. In order to comprehensively review the published fatigue test data of welded joints in stainless steel, in this paper, the fatigue test data of representative welded joints of stainless steel were summarized comprehensively and the S–N curves of six representative stainless-steel welded joints were obtained by statistical evaluation. The comparison of the fatigue strength from existing design codes and fatigue test data was performed, and the results showed that the fatigue strength of welded joints of stainless steel was higher than that of structural-steel welded joints. The flexibility of regression analysis with and without a fixed negative inverse slope was discussed based on the scatter index. It was found that the fatigue test data of stainless-steel welded joints are more consistent with the S–N curve regressed by a free negative inverse slope. In this paper, a design proposal for the fatigue strength of representative welded joints of stainless steel is presented based on the S–N curve regressed by the free negative inverse slope.

scholarly journals ASSURANCE OF STRUCTURAL STEEL SURVIVABILITY BASED ON RESERVATION OF PRODUCTION FACILITIES CORROSION PROOFNESS

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (49) ◽  
pp. 277-284
Author(s):  
I. V. Kuschenko
Keyword(s):  
Structural Steel ◽  
Corrosion Protection ◽  
Structural Strength ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Process Safety ◽  
Reliability Indices ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Reliability And Availability

The paper deals with the task of selecting quality and reliability indices of means and methods of corrosion protection considering structural strength requirements. Systematized description of standard (basic, characteristic) impacts and representative values of negative corrosiveness factors is provided. For corrosion protection design, classification features of steel structures and their protective coatings based on criticality rating are specified. Design indices of structural steel durability are discussed. The developed methodology involves an analytical–experimental estimate of reliability and availability factors of corrosion protection. Logistical system has been generated for reserve planning of survivability of structure on the basis of corrosion proofness signs. A method is proposed for calculating compensation for corrosion losses when comparing competitive advantages of corrosion protection systems. The index of corrosion protection level is specified for managing process safety on the basis of risk reduction.

scholarly journals MANIFESTAÇÕES PATOLÓGICAS E CONTROLE DE QUALIDADE NA MONTAGEM E FABRICAÇÃO DE ESTRUTURAS METÁLICAS

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caio César Sacchi ◽  
Alex Sander Clemente de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Structural Steel ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Flow Chart ◽  
Efficient Planning ◽  
Technological Study

RESUMO: Este trabalho apresenta um estudo científico e tecnológico sobre o controle de qualidade na fabricação e montagem de estruturas metálicas, elaborado por meio da análise e interpretação de informações obtidas em levantamentos bibliográficos, visitas técnicas e entrevistas à empresas do setor, evidenciando o conhecimento da literatura existente. Sendo assim, serão abordadas as diversas etapas da fabricação e da montagem das estruturas metálicas, assim como ensaios utilizados para a garantia da qualidade na fabricação. A pesquisa tem como objetivos, definir critérios de inspeção durante a fabricação e a montagem das estruturas metálicas, para identificação prematura de manifestações patológicas, apresentar os principais sintomas patológicos encontradas em estruturas de aço, estabelecendo suas origens e causas, expor um fluxograma sobre o processo de produção de uma estrutura metálica, indicando os principais pontos de checagem de desempenho e, por fim, analisar algumas manifestações patológicas, indicando as falhas no processo de produção. Conclui-se que existem cuidados a serem observados para não cometer erros construtivos, facilmente evitáveis por meio de planejamento e fiscalização eficientes. O intuito do estudo é promover o intercâmbio dos resultados da pesquisa com o setor produtivo e colaborar na revisão e elaboração de normas. ABSTRACT: This paper is a scientific and technological study about quality control in the fabrication and assembly of steel structures, developed through the analysis and interpretation of information obtained from literature surveys, technical visits and interviews with companies in the sector, highlighting the knowledge the existing literature. Therefore, they will discuss the processes for obtaining structural steel and its properties, the various stages of fabrication and assembly of steel structures, as well as tests used for quality assurance in fabrication. The survey aims to define inspection criteria for the fabrication and assembly of steel structures for early identification of pathological manifestations, present the main pathological symptoms found in steel structures, establishing its origins and causes, exposing a flow chart of the process production of a steel structure showing the main performance checkpoints and, finally, to analyze certain pathological events, indicating failures in the production process. It is concluded that there are precautions to be observed not to make constructive errors, easily preventable through efficient planning and supervision. The study's aim is to promote the exchange of research results to the productive sector and assist in the review and development of standards.

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