Basic standard to demonstrate the compliance of fixed equipment for radio transmission (110 MHz - 40 GHz) intended for use in wireless telecommunication networks with the basic restrictions or the reference levels related to general public exposure to rad

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Telecommunication Networks ◽  
Reference Levels ◽  
Wireless Telecommunication ◽  
Public Exposure ◽  
Basic Standard

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF TIME-AVERAGED AND INTEGRAL-BASED MEASURE FOR MEASUREMENT RESULTS VARIABILITY REDUCTION IN GSM/DCS/UMTS SYSTEMS

2019 ◽  
Vol 187 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darko Šuka ◽  
Predrag Pejović ◽  
Mirjana Simić-Pejović
Keyword(s):  
Power Density ◽  
General Public ◽  
Personal Exposure ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Telecommunication Networks ◽  
Data Logging ◽  
Exposure Limits ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Continuous Measurements ◽  
Wireless Telecommunication

Abstract Since EMF levels from wireless telecommunication networks are non-stationary and exhibit large temporal variations, the use of continuous measurements during extended periods (preferably 24 h or longer) with a data-logging system is required. Because of the short-term variations of E field, the 6-min measurements and 6-min averaged results to obtain the mean level strength at a given place appear to be dependent on the time of measurements during the day. This paper presents a new (integral-based) measure to evaluate electromagnetic exposure. The new measure is a pure physical descriptor of the amount of exposed energy density (a parameter accumulated from instantaneous power density values in time). To confirm previous observations, continuous measurements with personal exposure metre were recorded 24 h a day for two weeks at every location in urban area, 14 different locations in total. Additionally, to check temporal variations and repeatability of exposure assessment, a week of prolonged measurements was taken 6 months later, making in total three weeks of measurements at 2 locations. Day-to-day repeatability of RF-EMF exposure was analysed through the time-averaged and integral-based measure. The analysis is based on approximately 5.1 million data samples (1.7 million for each band). The ratio between the maximum and minimum instantaneous (maximum and minimum 6-min averaged) E field values during the day could reach up to 25 dB (20 dB). Therefore, great variability in the results may occur. By applying the 24 h time-averaged and integral-based measure on a 24 h data set of measurements, the variability of daily exposure could stay within ±20% of the week mean level obtained either with the time-averaged or integral-based measure. Both, the time-averaged E field and integral-based power density exposures of the general public in all locations were found to be well below the general public exposure limits of the ICNIRP guidelines.

Bounded-hop percolation and wireless communication

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 833-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Point Process ◽  
Poisson Point Process ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Telecommunication Networks ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Continuum Percolation ◽  
Supercritical Regime ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Wireless Telecommunication ◽  
Minimum Number

AbstractMotivated by an application in wireless telecommunication networks, we consider a two-type continuum-percolation problem involving a homogeneous Poisson point process of users and a stationary and ergodic point process of base stations. Starting from a randomly chosen point of the Poisson point process, we investigate the distribution of the minimum number of hops that are needed to reach some point of the base station process. In the supercritical regime of continuum percolation, we use the close relationship between Euclidean and chemical distance to identify the distributional limit of the rescaled minimum number of hops that are needed to connect a typical Poisson point to a point of the base station process as its intensity tends to 0. In particular, we obtain an explicit expression for the asymptotic probability that a typical Poisson point connects to a point of the base station process in a given number of hops.

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