Safety devices for gas pressure regulating stations and installations. Gas safety shut-off devices for operating pressure up to 100 bar

2003 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Pressure ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Safety Devices

scholarly journals Minimum operating pressure for a gas storage salt cavern under an emergency: a case study of Jintan, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Tongtao Wang ◽  
Guoyin An ◽  
Shuai Xu ◽  
Jianchao Jia ◽  
Wenquan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Axial Strain ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Gas Pressure ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Rock Properties ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Salt Cavern ◽  
3D Geomechanical Model

Decreasing the gas pressure is one of the most effective methods to increase the working gas capacity of salt cavern Underground Gas Storages (UGS). In this paper, KING-1 and -2 caverns of Jintan salt cavern UGS, Jiangsu province, China, are studied as an example to investigate their responses under extremely low gas pressure. A 3D geomechanical model of the two caverns is built based on the geological features and rock properties of the host rock salt formation. Different operating conditions are simulated. Safety evaluation criteria for completion casing and caverns are proposed. Thresholds of the indicators consisting of the criteria are given to find the potential minimum gas pressure and the safe working duration of the two caverns. Calculation results indicate that axial strain (along the vertical direction) can perfectly reflect the effects of low gas pressure on the safety of completion casing. The indicators calculated based on the stresses have advantages compared to those based on deformation in assessing the safety of the salt cavern under such low gas pressure and short operating time conditions. The minimum gas pressure gradient of KING-1 and -2 caverns at the casing shoe can decrease from about 7 kPa/m to 5 kPa/m, viz., the minimum gas pressure can decrease from 7 MPa to 5 MPa. The maximum duration for 5 MPa is no more than 118 days. Taking KING-1 cavern as an example, the working gas volume can increase about 17.3%. Research results can provide references for Jintan salt cavern UGS coping with gas shortages.

scholarly journals Role of static inductance on ion beam emission in plasma focus devices

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 585-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
FARZIN M. AGHAMIR ◽  
REZA A. BEHBAHANI
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Focus ◽  
Dense Plasma ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Pressure Variation ◽  
Gas Pressure ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Anomalous Resistivity ◽  
Dense Plasma Focus ◽  
Beam Production

AbstractThe role of static inductance on ion beam emission in plasma focus devices, based on anomalous resistivity, is reported. The effect of gas pressure variation on the process of energy transfer into plasma is investigated and discussed by using Lee's model. The dependence of ion beam production on filling gas pressure along with change in static inductance is studied. The results show that increase of static inductance in a specific range of operating pressure can enhance the efficiency of dense plasma focus device.

scholarly journals Effect of working gas pressure on mass-to-charge composition of plasma ions in high-current planar magnetron discharge

2021 ◽  
Vol 2064 (1) ◽  
pp. 012121
Author(s):  
M V Shandrikov ◽  
A V Vizir ◽  
A S Klimov ◽  
E M Oks ◽  
V P Frolova
Keyword(s):  
Discharge Current ◽  
Axial Direction ◽  
Plasma Electron ◽  
Gas Pressure ◽  
Charge Composition ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Magnetron Discharge ◽  
Plasma Ions ◽  
Planar Magnetron

Abstract The mass-to-charge ion composition of a planar magnetron discharge plasma has been investigated. The measurements used a modified quadrupole mass-spectrometer and a time-of-flight spectrometer. The experiments were carried out on a copper magnetron target. Argon was used as a working gas. The operating pressure was 0.15÷1.3 Pa. The discharge current was 1÷20 A with a pulse duration of 30÷50 μs. The influence of main operating parameters (discharge current and working gas pressure) on mass-to-charge composition of plasma ions was measured. The mass-to-charge composition of plasma ions in the axial direction was measured as a function of working pressure. Plasma electron temperature was measured and its effect on the mass-to-charge composition of magnetron plasma ions was estimated.

Scanning electron microscopy of plant cells using a variable-pressure SEM and cryogenic techniques

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 260-261
Author(s):  
M. Yamada ◽  
K. Ueda ◽  
K. Kuboki ◽  
H. Matsushima ◽  
S. Joens
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Saturated Vapor ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Variable Pressure ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Vapor Pressures ◽  
Low Temperature Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron

Use of variable Pressure SEMs is spreading among electron microscopists The variable Pressure SEM does not necessarily require specimen Preparation such as fixation, dehydration, coating, etc which have been required for conventional scanning electron microscopy. The variable Pressure SEM allows operating Pressure of 1˜270 Pa in specimen chamber It does not allow microscopy of water-containing specimens under a saturated vapor Pressure of water. Therefore, it may cause shrink or deformation of water-containing soft specimens such as plant cells due to evaporation of water. A solution to this Problem is to lower the specimen temperature and maintain saturated vapor Pressures of water at low as shown in Fig. 1 On this technique, there is a Published report of experiment to have sufficient signal to noise ratio for scondary electron imaging at a relatively long working distance using an environmental SEM. We report here a new low temperature microscopy of soft Plant cells using a variable Pressure SEM (Hitachi S-225ON).

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