Specification for spring steel strip

1970 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Steel Strip ◽  
Spring Steel

Prediction of Springback in Metal Forming of Diaphragm of Automotive Horn Based on BPANN

2010 ◽  
Vol 139-141 ◽  
pp. 594-599
Author(s):  
Yan Qiu Zhang ◽  
Shu Yong Jiang ◽  
Yu Feng Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Metal Forming ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Steel Strip ◽  
Back Propagation ◽  
Spring Steel ◽  
Yield Ratio ◽  
Punch Radius ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
The Relationship

The spring steel strip 50CrVA which is cold rolled was applied to manufacture the diaphragm of the automotive horn by means of sheet metal forming. The combination of the experiments with back-propagation artificial neural network (BPANN) is used to solve the springback problem of the diaphragm. Experiments have shown that a 4-8-1 BPANN is able to predict the springback of the diaphragm successfully, and the network is able to model the relationship between the springback of the diaphragm and the process parameters rationally. BPANN simulation results and experimental ones have shown that the springback of the diaphragm is particularly influenced by such parameters as blank thickness, Young’s modulus, punch radius and yield ratio. Furthermore, the springback of the diaphragm decreases with the increase of blank thickness and Young’s modulus, but increases with the increase of punch radius and yield ratio.

scholarly journals Folding the Carpenter’s Tape: Boundary Layer Effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Calladine ◽  
K. A. Seffen
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Isotropic Material ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Steel Strip ◽  
Spring Steel ◽  
Bending Moments ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Measuring Tape ◽  
A Minor

Abstract The “carpenter’s measuring tape” is a thin spring-steel strip, preformed to a curved cross section of radius R, which is straight when being used for measuring. Under bending moments, it forms a localized hinge, in which the transverse curvature is suppressed, and the longitudinal radius r is approximately equal to R. Rimrott made a simple strain energy analysis of the hinge region for isotropic material, which predicted that r = R. Both experimental observations and finite element computations show that ξ = r/R > 1, where the value of ξ exceeds unity by up to 15%, depending on whether the tape is bent in “equal-sense” or “opposite-sense” curvature; ξ varies linearly with Poisson’s ratio in both cases. We make a minor change to Rimrott’s analysis by introducing a boundary layer, in order better to satisfy the physical conditions at the free edges; this successfully accounts for the observed behavior of the tape.

Analysis of Fracture Failure of Diaphragm of Non-Contact Electronic Horn

2010 ◽  
Vol 97-101 ◽  
pp. 514-517
Author(s):  
Shu Yong Jiang ◽  
Yan Qiu Zhang ◽  
Jin Feng Sun ◽  
Li Hong Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Stress Field ◽  
Steel Strip ◽  
Effective Strain ◽  
Maximum Amplitude ◽  
Fracture Pattern ◽  
Spring Steel ◽  
Fracture Failure ◽  
Element Simulation ◽  
Stress Zone

The fracture of the diaphragm is the main failure pattern of the non-contact electronic horn. The spring steel strip 50CrVA which is cold rolled was applied to manufacture the diaphragm of the non-contact electronic horn by means of sheet metal forming. The combination of the experiments with finite element method (FEM) was used to reveal mechanism of fracture failure of the diaphragm. The displacement field, the effective strain field and the effective stress field at the maximum amplitude value are obtained by simulating the genuine vibrating state of the diaphragm with the help of ANSYS finite element code. The maximum stress zone of the stress field of the diaphragm is responsible for the fracture zone of the diaphragm. The fatigue test of the diaphragm and microscopy of the fractured diaphragm indicates that the fracture pattern of the diaphragm agree well with finite element simulation results. Eventually, the measures to prevent the fracture of the diaphragm were taken in order to increase the endurance of the diaphragm.

scholarly journals Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of an Austenitic CrMnNiMoN Spring Steel Strip with a Reduced Ni Content

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 392
Author(s):  
Christina Schröder ◽  
Marco Wendler ◽  
Olena Volkova ◽  
Andreas Weiß
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Rolling Force ◽  
Steel Strip ◽  
Total Elongation ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Spring Steel ◽  
Rolling Temperature ◽  
Rolled Strip ◽  
Initial State

The article presents the mechanical properties of the austenitic stainless steel X5CrMnNiMoN16-4-4 after deformation by cold rolling and subsequent short-term tempering (deformation and partitioning (D&P) treatment). Tensile strengths of 1700–900 MPa and beyond were achieved both after work hardening and in the D&P-treated strip. The initial state of austenite in terms of grain size and pre-strengthening, as well as the selected cold rolling temperature significantly influenced the deformation-induced formation of α’ martensite and thus the flow and hardening behavior of the steel. The usage of two different rolling temperature regimes showed that the strength properties in the cold strip can be specifically adjusted. Lower deformation-induced martensite fractions enabled a larger thickness reduction of the strip without increasing the rolling force, while high deformation-induced martensite fractions led to strong hardening at low deformation levels. The D&P-treatment permits the strength of the cold-rolled strip with a predominantly austenitic microstructure to be increased to the required level. The total elongation of such a D&P strip was well over 2%. The D&P treatment of the spring steel strip is a cost-effective alternative to conventional tempering treatment.

scholarly journals Development of a Stainless Austenitic Nitrogen-Alloyed CrMnNiMo Spring Steel

Crystals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Schröder ◽  
Marco Wendler ◽  
Thilo Kreschel ◽  
Olena Volkova ◽  
Andreas Weiß
Keyword(s):  
Steel Strip ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Spring Steel ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Steel Strips ◽  
Steel Aisi ◽  
Mechanical Properties And Corrosion ◽  
Short Time

The generation of a nickel-reduced, stainless spring steel strip with a thickness of 0.2 mm, producible under industrial conditions, is the aim of a transfer project together with the Institute of Metal Forming/TU BAF and the Auerhammer Metallwerk GmbH within the DFG Collaborative Research Centre (CRC) 799. The spring steel strip should exhibit a tensile strength of ≥1700 MPa in work-hardened and partitioned state. The mechanical and corrosive properties of the steel strip should be equal or better than those given for 1.4310 steel (AISI 301). The article presents the results of laboratory alloys focused on the design of steel strips, which meet the requirements for a cost-effective production. The results presented relate to steel design, microstructure formation, temperature-dependent mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance. Four alloys of the type X5CrMnNiMoN16-x-4 with manganese contents of approximately 2 to 6 wt.-percent were investigated. The austenitic steel X5CrMnNiMoN16-4-4 with TRIP/TWIP effect was selected for deformation and partitioning treatments. Its deformation-induced α’-martensite formation significantly contributes to the work hardening of the steel. A short-time annealing treatment (partitioning) further increases the strength properties.

Design of Elastic Element and Controller Algorithm

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuohua Shen ◽  
Junming Zhang ◽  
Manish Anand ◽  
Jared Schwartzentruber ◽  
Justin Seipel
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Element ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Steel Strip ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Spring Steel ◽  
Control Series ◽  
Series Elastic Actuators ◽  
Strip Length ◽  
Elastic Elements ◽  
Series Elastic

Recent development of series elastic actuators have revealed a capability to mimic muscle-like properties and achieve accurate force control. Series elastic actuators have also been widely used in humanoid and surgical robotic devices. The design of the elastic elements are critical and complex. This tends to increase costs and complexity of designing and controlling series elastic actuators. Here, we present a novel low cost and easy-to-fabricate design for a series elastic element that also has adjustable stiffness. The design consists of simple shaft couplers and spring steel plates. During the test, the stiffness of the designed elastic elements is very close to linear (R2 = 0.999) when the clamped spring-steel strip length is sufficiently long. As the clamped strip length shortens, the resulting torque deflection curve becomes slightly quadratic but remains largely linear. Also, the designed elastic element exhibits little hysteresis during loading and unloading. The stiffness of the designed elastic element can be tuned to achieve a range of stiffness values, thus it is suitable for different applications with different stiffness requirements. We also design a simple control algorithm and develop a simulation based on the dynamic properties of the designed elastic element. In simulation, the controller is able to accurately track the commanded torque values. Overall, this design could help reduce the cost and development time required for series elastic actuators.

Study of operating properties of aanticorrosion packing papers

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 1021-1027
Author(s):  
A. P. Ponomarev ◽  
L. G. Kolyada ◽  
E. V. Tarasyuk
Keyword(s):  
Steel Strip ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Strength Characteristics ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Packing Materials ◽  
Accelerated Corrosion ◽  
Operating Properties ◽  
Deformation And Strength Characteristics ◽  
Anticorrosion Properties

Metal products are subjected to atmospheric corrosion during transportation and storing. An important way to prevent this negative phenomenon is application of special packing materials, in particular materials, containing volatile inhibitors of corrosion, which protect metal against various corrosion agents. To protect metal effectively it is necessary to provide a definite level of operating characteristics of packing materials. The purpose of the work was the study of operating properties of inhibited crepe, inhibited and laminated polyethylene film, inhibited crepe and reinforced by polypropylene web papers, manufactured by OJSC “PP TechnoKhim”, Magnitogorsk, used for packing of metals. Structural and dimensional, sorption, deformation and strength characteristics, of the studied anticorrosion papers are presented, the characteristics being calculated based on the results of measurements. To determine their physical-mechanical and anticorrosion properties, standard methods and methodologies were used. To evaluate impact of moisture and transportation conditions, indices of water adsorption and wear of the studied papers were determined. Inhibitor content in these materials was determined by thermogravimetric analysis method. Their protective ability was studied on samples of low carbon steel strip. For accelerated corrosion tests the strip samples were degreased by alcohol, dried in air and packed in the studied anticorrosion papers, after that they were exposed under increased temperatures and moisture conditions. It was determined, that among the materials under the study, the inhibited crepe paper, reinforced by polypropylene web, hhas the best complex of physical-mechanical and anticorrosion properties. It provides a higher level of prevention corrosion of metal l and surpasses other materials in a number of deformation and strength characteristics. Recommendations were proposed to improve qquality of produced anticorrosion papers.

AISI C1060

Alloy Digest ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Alloy Steel ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Spring Steel ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Steel Mills

Abstract AISI C1060 is a high-carbon water or oil hardening tool and spring steel recommended for heavy machinery parts, shafts, springs and miscellaneous tools requiring strength and wear resistance. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: CS-32. Producer or source: Carbon and alloy steel mills.

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