SITUATION OF DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION FOR RETROFITTING OF BUILDINGS IN THEKYRGYZ REPUBLIC

2019 ◽  
pp. 66-84
Author(s):  
Ulugbek Begaliev ◽  
Svetlana Brzev
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Retrofitting ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Steel Buildings ◽  
Structural Types ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Hazard Level ◽  
Earthquake Effects ◽  
First Time

There is a significant experience related to seismic retrofitting of existing buildings in many earthquake-prone regions of the world. Majority of older existing buildings were not designed to the seismic hazard level expected by current design codes; also, some structural types (like unreinforced masonry) are inherently more vulnerable to earthquake effects than others, e.g. well-designed reinforced concrete (RC) and steel buildings. It should be noted that seismic retrofitting of school buildings has been performed in several countries.It is proposed to effective strengthening of structures on the basis performance-design and pushover analyses, whis are an first time innovation for Kyrgyz Republic.

scholarly journals Seismic Retrofitting and Health Monitoring of School Buildings of Cyprus

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 208-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.Z. Chrysostomou ◽  
N. Kyriakides ◽  
A.J. Kappos ◽  
L. Kouris ◽  
E. Georgiou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Seismic Retrofitting ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
Assessment Methodology ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Wireless Monitoring ◽  
Codes Of Practice ◽  
Seismic Forces

The vulnerability of existing buildings to seismic forces and their retrofitting is an international problem. The majority of structures in seismic-prone areas worldwide are structures that have been designed either without the consideration of seismic forces, or with previous codes of practice specifying lower levels of seismic forces. In Cyprus, after the three earthquakes that occurred in 1995, 1996, and 1999, the Cyprus State, acting in a pioneering way internationally, has decided the seismic retrofitting of all school buildings, taking into account the sensitivity of the society towards these structures, which house the future generation of the society. In this paper the overall assessment methodology is presented, along with details of the over 10 year ongoing retrofitting program of the school buildings of Cyprus, with emphasis on the description of the program and the development of a wireless monitoring system. In addition, mathematical models of selected school buildings are presented and comparison is made with in-situ measurement.

A Review of the Accuracy of Force- and Deformation-Based Methods in Determining the Seismic Capacity of Rehabilitated RC School Buildings

2019 ◽  
pp. 1090-1113
Author(s):  
Orkun Gorgulu ◽  
Beyza Taskin
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Deformation ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Earthquake Hazard ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
Seismic Capacity ◽  
Limit States ◽  
Infill Wall ◽  
Hazard Level

This chapter focuses on the comparison of the conventional linear force-based method with the advanced nonlinear deformation-based method that are commonly preferred to investigate the seismic performances of the existing RC school buildings. School buildings which have different structural characteristics and RC infill wall index are generated from an existing school's layout plan. During the nonlinear dynamic analysis, seven recorded earthquake motions which are scaled in accordance with the Turkish Earthquake Code are employed. Seismic performances of the school buildings against the two different earthquake hazard level are evaluated considering not only various RC infill wall indexes but also different material strengths and number of stories in terms of limit states specified in the code. In order to determine the most appropriate method related to material strength, floor level and RC infill wall index for the seismic strengthening of the existing RC school buildings, the obtained linear forced and nonlinear deformation based analyses results are compared to each other.

scholarly journals Optimal seismic retrofitting techniques for URM school buildings located in the southwestern Iberian peninsula

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. e0223491 ◽  
Author(s):  
María-Luisa Segovia-Verjel ◽  
María-Victoria Requena-García-Cruz ◽  
Enrique de-Justo-Moscardó ◽  
Antonio Morales-Esteban
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Seismic Retrofitting ◽  
School Buildings

scholarly journals New Design Concept for Bridge Restrainers with Rubber Cushion Considering Dynamic Action: A Preliminary Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 6847
Author(s):  
Hiroki Tamai ◽  
Chi Lu ◽  
Yoichi Yuki
Keyword(s):  
Design Concept ◽  
Seismic Retrofitting ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Dynamic Action ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Coupling Dynamic ◽  
Existing Bridges ◽  
Constituent Elements ◽  
Large Earthquakes

A bridge unseating prevention system is a safety system for bridge collapses caused by large earthquakes, beyond the assumption of aseismic design specifications. Presently, the system is generally adopted for newly constructed bridges and the seismic retrofitting of existing bridges. Cable type bridge restrainers are included in the system, and they are expected to prevent superstructures from exceeding the seat length of substructures. Although the bridge restrainer works during an earthquake, it is designed to be static in the current design. In addition, although the constituent elements of bridge restrainers include a rubber cushion to absorb energy during an earthquake, the effect is not included in the design. Thus, the current design lacks the dynamic effects of earthquakes and the cushioning effect of the rubber. Furthermore, in the case of a multi-span bridge, there is no particular decision as to where the restrainers should be placed or what kind of specifications they should have. Therefore, in this paper, a new design concept that considers the dynamic action of the earthquake and the cushioning effect of the rubber is proposed by coupling dynamic response analysis using a frame finite element (FE) model and a simple genetic algorithm (SGA).

scholarly journals Identification of Pavinane Alkaloids in the Genera Argemone and Eschscholzia by GC-MS

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Cahlíková ◽  
Radim Kučera ◽  
Anna Hošt’álková ◽  
Jiří Klimeš ◽  
Lubomír Opletal
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Fragmentation Pathway ◽  
Rich Source ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Structural Types ◽  
Alkaloid Extracts ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
First Time

The genera Eschscholtzia and Argemone(Papaveraceae) represent a rich source of pavinane alkaloids, the identification of which in alkaloid extracts is generally problematic without standards. The alkaloid extracts of three Argemone and four Eschscholtzia species were analyzed using GC-MS. The alkaloids were identified based on comparison of their mass spectra with commercial libraries, with reported data in the literature and with spectra of reference compounds. A total of 23 alkaloids of six structural types (pavinane, protopine, benzylisoquinoline, benzophenanthridine, aporphine and protoberberine) were identified. The fragmentation pathway of pavinane alkaloids was used for their identification. O-Methylneocaryachine has been reported for the first time from a natural sources and the alkaloid pattern of Eschscholzia pulchella has been analyzed and described for the first time.

scholarly journals Strengthening Methods of the Existing Reinforced Concrete School Buildings in Medina, Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Mohamed Laissy ◽  
Mohammed Ismaeila
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Seismic Analysis ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Current Design

Nowadays, evaluation of the seismic performance of existing buildings has received great attention. This paper was carried out to study the effect of strengthening the existing reinforced concrete (RC) school buildings in Medina, Saudi Arabia through assessing the seismic performance and retrofitting where seismic analysis and design were done using equivalent static analysis method according to Saudi Building Code (SBC 301) and SAP2000 software. A Typical five-story RC school building designed according to the SBC301 has been investigated in a comparative study to determine the suitable strengthening methods such as RC shear walls and steel X-bracing methods. The results revealed that the current design of RC school buildings located in Medina was unsafe, inadequate, and unsatisfied to mitigate seismic loads. Moreover, adding steel X-bracing and RC shear walls represent a suitable strategy to reduce their seismic vulnerability.

scholarly journals Methods of foals holding in Kyrgyz Republic

2019 ◽  
Vol 190 (11) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
Аскарбек Тулобаев ◽  
A. Tulobaev ◽  
Зинакуль Ниязбекова ◽  
Z. Niyazbekova
Keyword(s):  
Visual Observation ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Direct Visual Observation ◽  
Horse Farms ◽  
Free Position ◽  
Mother's Milk ◽  
Mother’S Milk ◽  
First Time ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Horse Owners

Abstract. The aim of research is a comparative study of the methods of holding suckling foals in a summer pastures conditions. In the research used methods of direct visual observation, video-photo documentation and a personal survey of horse farmers. Research was conducted in horse farms which producing mare's milk and koumiss. Horse farms practice tethering and penning of suckling foals of Kyrgyz indigenous horses. Results. It has been established that there is a need to choose places for leash and tightening foals for the hold them in the tethered. The tying of 12 foals takes 2.6 times more time than is required for the corralling of 15 foals. Foals that are on a leash in a forced position have the opportunity to receive mother's milk, while foals that are in a free position in the pen do not receive mother's milk. In tethered holding of suckling foals, milking one mare on average takes 2.44 times more time and on average expresses 446 ml less milk than in the corralling. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the advantages or disadvantages of different methods of holding suckling foals in the Kyrgyz Republic were investigated. Clarification of the advantages or disadvantages of the methods for holding suckling foals will enable the horse owners to choose a more suitable and better way to keep the foals.

scholarly journals Собственная фтор-ионная проводимость кристаллических матриц фторидных супериоников: BaF-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=- (тип флюорита) и LaF-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=- (тип тисонита)

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Н.И. Сорокин ◽  
Б.П. Соболев
Keyword(s):  
Structural Type ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Impedance Method ◽  
Energy Characteristics ◽  
Thermally Activated ◽  
Vacuum Technology ◽  
Structural Types ◽  
Fluorite Type ◽  
And Migration ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe intrinsic fluorine-ion conductivity σ_lat of BaF_2 (CaF_2 fluorite type) and LaF_3 (tysonite type) crystals is studied by the impedance spectroscopy method. These compounds represent two major structural types taken as the basis to form the best nonstoichiometric fluorine-conducting solid electrolytes. The conductivity σ_lat caused by thermally activated defects is manifested in the field of high temperatures, where conductometric measurements are complicated by pyrohydrolysis. The experiments carried out in inert atmosphere with application of the impedance method have for the first time produced the reliable values of σ_lat of fluoride crystals in conditions of suppression of pyrohydrolysis (BaF_2) or partial pyrohydrolysis (LaF_3). Values of the σ_lat at 773 K for BaF_2 and LaF_3 crystals grown from melt by the Bridgman method using the vacuum technology are 2.2 × 10^–5 and 8.5 × 10^–3 S/cm differing by a factor of ~400. The tysonite structural type has been proved feasible for making high-conductivity solid fluoride electrolytes based on the analysis of energy characteristics of formation and migration of anionic defects.

scholarly journals On the issue of early parole from serving a sentence in the Kyrgyz Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-181
Author(s):  
Kunduz Zhetigenova
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Correctional Institutions ◽  
Life Imprisonment ◽  
Full Compensation ◽  
The Law ◽  
First Time ◽  
State Body

The article is devoted to the grounds and conditions for parole from serving a criminal sentence. The article considers the legislative and law enforcement problems that arise when applying the rules governing the procedure for evaluating the behavior of a convicted person during the period of serving a sentence. On January 1, 2019, the new legislation of the Kyrgyz Republic of the criminal law block came into force, which significantly changed the procedure for parole from criminal punishment. At present, it is only possible in relation to persons sentenced to punishments related to isolation from society. In addition, the provision on parole application in relation to additional punishment is excluded from the criminal law. However, the new law eased the situation of a convict for damages compensation, extended the circle of persons entitled to apply for considering the case on parole (abolished in accordance with the rules of parole was possible only after full compensation of the material damage caused by the crime). The legislator also reduced the number of circumstances prohibiting the use of parole from serving a sentence, and showed humanity in relation to certain categories of convicts (the norm on the application of p from serving a sentence in relation to persons sentenced to life imprisonment). The issue of creating a specialized authorized state body that carries out the execution of criminal penalties that are not related to isolation from society, compulsory measures of criminal legal influence, supervision of persons released on parole from correctional institutions, with the performance of social and legal functions of the probation body, was resolved. However, despite all the positive changes, the study allowed the author to conclude that there are actual problems of legal regulation and practical application of the provisions on the conditions and grounds for parole. In particular, the law does not reflect who exactly should act as a person who compensates for damages. In practice, there are often cases when the convicted person did not work, and the damage was paid by relatives. At the same time, the court has no grounds for refusing to apply for parole. In such circumstances, it is doubtful that the goals of the convicted person’s correction have been achieved. In addition, currently the law stipulates the same rules for the application of parole for persons who have committed crimes for the first time, as well as for persons convicted for a set of crimes and a set of sentences.

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