scholarly journals Taxi Tipping in New York City (2014-2017): Reciprocity in Hailed vs. Dispatched Cab Fares

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber Raymond ◽  
Kenneth Cramer
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Equity Theory ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dispatch Centre ◽  
Variance Homogeneity

The present study evaluated the extent to which reciprocity (equity) theory could explain differential levels of tipping in New York taxi fares. From 2014 to 2017, the database recorded 73 million cab fares; however, only credit transactions (i.e., recording patrons’ tips) were included (28 million fares). Based on a reciprocity hypothesis, patrons in cabs hailed randomly off the street were expected to tip more compared to patrons who arranged travel at a dispatch centre. An analysis of covariance for each of the four years supported this, wherein patrons in hailed cabs tipped twice the percentage (14%) than patrons in dispatched cabs (7%); these results were confirmed using equivalent procedures that assumed neither normality nor variance homogeneity. Several limitations are discussed, as are directions for future research. Keywords: reciprocity, tipping, equity, genuine intention, taxi

Varieties of Drug Trafficking Organizations: A Typology of Cases Prosecuted in New York City

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1005-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mangai Natarajan ◽  
Mathieu Belanger
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
York City ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Federal Courts ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Drug Trafficking Organizations

This paper examines a sample of 39 drug trafficking organizations prosecuted in New York City federal courts. Using a new two-dimensional typology based on organizational structure and tasks/roles, a considerable variety of organizational types was found. This result has important implications for future research. In particular it suggests the need for caution in generalizing from the findings of single case studies. These studies need to be located in the broader framework provided by the typology. The typology also permits the systematic sampling of trafficking organizations for detailed study. This is particularly important for policy since interventions must be closely tailored to the nature of criminal enterprises.

Presence of Counterfeit Marlboro Gold Packs in Licensed Retail Stores in New York City: Evidence From Test Purchases

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1131-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marin Kurti ◽  
Yi He ◽  
Diana Silver ◽  
Margaret Giorgio ◽  
Klaus von Lampe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Ultraviolet Irradiation ◽  
York City ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Retail Stores ◽  
Cigarette Packs

Abstract Background There are no independent studies measuring the availability of premium brand counterfeit cigarettes in New York City from licensed retailers. Methods We forensically analyzed the cigarette packaging of Marlboro Gold (n = 1021) purchased from licensed tobacco retailers in New York City, using ultraviolet irradiation and light microscopy to determine whether they were counterfeit. Results We find that while only 0.5% (n = 5) of our sample exhibits at least one characteristic synonymous with counterfeit packaging, none of our packs can be conclusively classified as counterfeit. Conclusions We do not find any counterfeit Marlboro Gold packs purchased at full price from licensed cigarette retailers throughout New York City. Future research using test purchases should include other venues (eg, street and online) and specifically ask for discounts to ascertain the overall presence of counterfeit cigarettes. Implications This is the first study to independently measure the availability of counterfeit cigarette packs purchased at full price from licensed retailers in New York City. We find that none of the Marlboro Gold packs purchased from licensed cigarette retailers are counterfeit.

scholarly journals Patient Satisfaction With Telemedicine During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Retrospective Cohort Study

10.2196/20786 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. e20786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashwin Ramaswamy ◽  
Miko Yu ◽  
Siri Drangsholt ◽  
Eric Ng ◽  
Patrick J Culligan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
York City ◽  
Academic Medical Center ◽  
Disruptive Innovation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Care Providers

Background New York City was the international epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic. Health care providers responded by rapidly transitioning from in-person to video consultations. Telemedicine (ie, video visits) is a potentially disruptive innovation; however, little is known about patient satisfaction with this emerging alternative to the traditional clinical encounter. Objective This study aimed to determine if patient satisfaction differs between video and in-person visits. Methods In this retrospective observational cohort study, we analyzed 38,609 Press Ganey patient satisfaction survey outcomes from clinic encounters (620 video visits vs 37,989 in-person visits) at a single-institution, urban, quaternary academic medical center in New York City for patients aged 18 years, from April 1, 2019, to March 31, 2020. Time was categorized as pre–COVID-19 and COVID-19 (before vs after March 4, 2020). Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests and multivariable linear regression were used for hypothesis testing and statistical modeling, respectively. Results We experienced an 8729% increase in video visit utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the same period last year. Video visit Press Ganey scores were significantly higher than in-person visits (94.9% vs 92.5%; P<.001). In adjusted analyses, video visits (parameter estimate [PE] 2.18; 95% CI 1.20-3.16) and the COVID-19 period (PE 0.55; 95% CI 0.04-1.06) were associated with higher patient satisfaction. Younger age (PE –2.05; 95% CI –2.66 to –1.22), female gender (PE –0.73; 95% CI –0.96 to –0.50), and new visit type (PE –0.75; 95% CI –1.00 to –0.49) were associated with lower patient satisfaction. Conclusions Patient satisfaction with video visits is high and is not a barrier toward a paradigm shift away from traditional in-person clinic visits. Future research comparing other clinic visit quality indicators is needed to guide and implement the widespread adoption of telemedicine.

scholarly journals Weather Effects on Social Movements: Evidence from Washington, D.C., and New York City, 1960–95

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Huiquan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
York City ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Scholars have been taking the impact of weather on social movements for granted for some time, despite a lack of supporting empirical evidence. This paper takes the topic more seriously, analyzing more than 7000 social movement events and 36 years of weather records in Washington, D.C., and New York City (1960–95). Here, “good weather” is defined as midrange temperature and little to no precipitation. This paper uses negative binomial regression models to predict the number of social movements per day and finds social movements are more likely to happen on good days than bad, with seasonal patterns controlled for. Results from logistic regression models indicate violence occurs more frequently at social movement events when it is warmer. Most interestingly, the effect of weather is more salient when there are more political opportunities and resources available. This paper discusses the implications and suggests future research on weather and social movement studies.

School Characteristics and Teacher Policy Influence: Evidence From New York City

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1041-1069
Author(s):  
Eric William Shannon ◽  
Argun Saatcioglu
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Charter Schools ◽  
York City ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Policy Influence ◽  
Charter School Movement ◽  
Teacher Policy

Proponents of the charter school movement often claim that the decentralized, autonomous nature of charter schools from district and state authority allows teachers greater influence over school policy both instructionally and administratively. Using a data set of 1,427 New York City schools, we empirically examine the extent to which organizational characteristics predict the amount of policy influence charter schools and traditional public schools grant to teachers. Results indicate not only do charter schools grant their teachers less policy influence but also other organizational features are stronger predictors of teacher policy influence including several nonlinear relationships. Directions for future research are discussed.

Parking Conditions for Residential Delivery in New York City: A Case Study Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (9) ◽  
pp. 204-215
Author(s):  
Pierre Escand ◽  
Quanquan Chen ◽  
Alison Conway
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Postal Service ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
Data Limitations

This study employed basic demand estimation, field observation, text analysis, and spatial analysis methods to examine the adequacy of the existing supply of commercial dedicated parking space in high-density areas of New York City to accommodate expected demand for direct-to-home deliveries. The study also examined the proximity of available commercial dedicated parking space to end delivery locations. The study estimated and mapped two performance metrics: (1) the share of on-street commercial dedicated parking demanded for expected U.S. Postal Service residential freight deliveries, and (2) the share of these package deliveries expected to occur within a reasonable walking distance of a commercial dedicated parking space. The study relies on a variety of open data sources and on limited field observations; owing to data limitations, and resulting assumptions for baseline analysis, sensitivity analysis was also conducted. Results suggest that there is currently both a spatial and temporal mismatch between the commercial dedicated parking supply and expected residential delivery demand, and that shifts toward express deliveries may exacerbate this mismatch. Future research needs are also discussed.

scholarly journals Patient Satisfaction With Telemedicine During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Retrospective Cohort Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashwin Ramaswamy ◽  
Miko Yu ◽  
Siri Drangsholt ◽  
Eric Ng ◽  
Patrick J Culligan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
York City ◽  
Academic Medical Center ◽  
Disruptive Innovation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Care Providers

BACKGROUND New York City was the international epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic. Health care providers responded by rapidly transitioning from in-person to video consultations. Telemedicine (ie, video visits) is a potentially disruptive innovation; however, little is known about patient satisfaction with this emerging alternative to the traditional clinical encounter. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine if patient satisfaction differs between video and in-person visits. METHODS In this retrospective observational cohort study, we analyzed 38,609 Press Ganey patient satisfaction survey outcomes from clinic encounters (620 video visits vs 37,989 in-person visits) at a single-institution, urban, quaternary academic medical center in New York City for patients aged 18 years, from April 1, 2019, to March 31, 2020. Time was categorized as pre–COVID-19 and COVID-19 (before vs after March 4, 2020). Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests and multivariable linear regression were used for hypothesis testing and statistical modeling, respectively. RESULTS We experienced an 8729% increase in video visit utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the same period last year. Video visit Press Ganey scores were significantly higher than in-person visits (94.9% vs 92.5%; <i>P</i>&lt;.001). In adjusted analyses, video visits (parameter estimate [PE] 2.18; 95% CI 1.20-3.16) and the COVID-19 period (PE 0.55; 95% CI 0.04-1.06) were associated with higher patient satisfaction. Younger age (PE –2.05; 95% CI –2.66 to –1.22), female gender (PE –0.73; 95% CI –0.96 to –0.50), and new visit type (PE –0.75; 95% CI –1.00 to –0.49) were associated with lower patient satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS Patient satisfaction with video visits is high and is not a barrier toward a paradigm shift away from traditional in-person clinic visits. Future research comparing other clinic visit quality indicators is needed to guide and implement the widespread adoption of telemedicine.

The New Deal, the Immigrants and Congressman Vito Marcantonio

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore J. LaGumina
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
New Deal ◽  
York City ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Focus Attention ◽  
Ethnic Culture ◽  
The New Deal

Like the Finns in Northern Minnesota, Italians in New York City accepted a politically radical leader, despite the fact that the majority of them remained conservative. According to the following author, this was due not to their heritage but rather to conditions they faced in their new environment. Future research might do well to focus attention upon the relative role of ethnic culture versus environment in producing radical attitudes among immigrants.

scholarly journals Aggression, Impulsivity and Suicidal Behavior in Depressive Disorders: A Comparison Study between New York City (US), Madrid (Spain) and Florence (Italy)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 3057
Author(s):  
Javier-David Lopez-Morinigo ◽  
Maura Boldrini ◽  
Valdo Ricca ◽  
Maria A. Oquendo ◽  
Enrique Baca-García
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
York City ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences

The association of aggression and impulsivity with suicidal behavior (SB) in depression may vary across countries. This study aimed (i) to compare aggression and impulsivity levels, measured with the Brown-Goodwin Scale (BGS) and the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS), respectively, between New York City (NYC) (US), Madrid (Spain) and Florence (Italy) (ANOVA); and (ii) to investigate between-site differences in the association of aggression and impulsivity with previous SB (binary logistic regression). Aggression scores were higher in NYC, followed by Florence and Madrid. Impulsivity levels were higher in Florence than in Madrid or NYC. Aggression and impulsivity scores were higher in suicide attempters than in non-attempters in NYC and in Madrid. SB was associated with aggression in NYC (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.07–1.16; p < 0.001) and in Florence (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.01–1.22; p = 0.032). Impulsivity was linked with SB in NYC (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00–1.02; p < 0.001) and in Madrid (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.02–1.05; p < 0.001). The higher suicide rates in NYC, compared to Madrid or Florence, may be, in part, explained by these cross-cultural differences in the contribution of aggression-impulsivity to SB, which should be considered by future research on SB prevention.

Airbnb and the rent gap: Gentrification through the sharing economy

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1147-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Wachsmuth ◽  
Alexander Weisler
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Rental Housing ◽  
Housing Markets ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Property Income

Airbnb and other short-term rental services are a topic of increasing concern for urban researchers, policymakers, and activists, because of the fear that short-term rentals are facilitating gentrification. This article presents a framework for analyzing the relationship between short-term rentals and gentrification, an exploratory case study of New York City, and an agenda for future research. We argue that Airbnb has introduced a new potential revenue flow into housing markets which is systematic but geographically uneven, creating a new form of rent gap in culturally desirable and internationally recognizable neighborhoods. This rent gap can emerge quickly—in advance of any declining property income—and requires minimal new capital to be exploited by a range of different housing actors, from developers to landlords, tenants, and homeowners. Performing spatial analysis on three years of Airbnb activity in New York City, we measure new capital flows into the short-term rental market, identify neighborhoods whose housing markets have already been significantly impacted by short term, identify neighborhoods which are increasingly under threat of Airbnb-induced gentrification, and estimate the amount of rental housing lost to Airbnb. Finally, we conclude by offering a research agenda on gentrification and the sharing economy.

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