scholarly journals A Conceptualized Hydrail Powertrain: A Case Study of the Union Pearson Express Route

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehran Haji Akhoundzadeh ◽  
Kaamran Raahemifar ◽  
Satyam Panchal ◽  
Ehsan Samadani ◽  
Ehsan Haghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Time Variable ◽  
Power Demand ◽  
Simulation Data ◽  
Backward Design ◽  
Variable Power ◽  
Power And Energy

A hydrogen rail (hydrail) powertrain is conceptualized in this study, using drive cycles collected from the trains currently working on the Union Pearson Express (UPE) railroad. The powertrain consists of three preliminary different subsystems: fuel cell, battery, and hydrogen storage systems. A backward design approach is proposed to calculate the time-variable power demand based on a “route simulation data” method. The powertrain components are then conceptually sized according to the calculated duty cycle. The results of this study show that 275 kg of hydrogen is sufficient to satisfy the daily power and energy demand of a hydrogen locomotive with drive cycles similar to the ones currently working on the UPE rail route.

Fuzzy Controller for Energy management and SoC Equalization for DC Microgrids Powered by Fuel Cell and Energy Storage Systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Thales Augusto Fagundes ◽  
Guilherme Henrique Favaro Fuzato ◽  
Plinio Goncalves Bueno Ferreira ◽  
Mauricio Biczkowski ◽  
Ricardo Quadros Quadros Machado
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Fuzzy Controller ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Dc Microgrids

scholarly journals A Computer Vision-Based Occupancy and Equipment Usage Detection Approach for Reducing Building Energy Demand

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Paige Wenbin Tien ◽  
Shuangyu Wei ◽  
John Calautit
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Hvac Systems ◽  
Equipment Usage

Because of extensive variations in occupancy patterns around office space environments and their use of electrical equipment, accurate occupants’ behaviour detection is valuable for reducing the building energy demand and carbon emissions. Using the collected occupancy information, building energy management system can automatically adjust the operation of heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems to meet the actual demands in different conditioned spaces in real-time. Existing and commonly used ‘fixed’ schedules for HVAC systems are not sufficient and cannot adjust based on the dynamic changes in building environments. This study proposes a vision-based occupancy and equipment usage detection method based on deep learning for demand-driven control systems. A model based on region-based convolutional neural network (R-CNN) was developed, trained and deployed to a camera for real-time detection of occupancy activities and equipment usage. Experiments tests within a case study office room suggested an overall accuracy of 97.32% and 80.80%. In order to predict the energy savings that can be attained using the proposed approach, the case study building was simulated. The simulation results revealed that the heat gains could be over or under predicted when using static or fixed profiles. Based on the set conditions, the equipment and occupancy gains were 65.75% and 32.74% lower when using the deep learning approach. Overall, the study showed the capabilities of the proposed approach in detecting and recognising multiple occupants’ activities and equipment usage and providing an alternative to estimate the internal heat emissions.

scholarly journals Passive Solar Solutions for Buildings: Criteria and Guidelines for a Synergistic Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 376
Author(s):  
Giacomo Cillari ◽  
Fabio Fantozzi ◽  
Alessandro Franco
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Passive Systems ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Solar Systems ◽  
Final Performance ◽  
Passive Solar ◽  
Energy Simulations

Passive solar system design is an essential asset in a zero-energy building perspective to reduce heating, cooling, lighting, and ventilation loads. The integration of passive systems in building leads to a reduction of plant operation with considerable environmental benefits. The design can be related to intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence the final performance in a synergistic way. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive view of the elements that influence passive solar systems by means of an analysis of the theoretical background and the synergistic design of various solutions available. The paper quantifies the potential impact of influencing factors on the final performance and then investigates a case study of an existing public building, analyzing the effects of the integration of different passive systems through energy simulations. General investigation has highlighted that latitude and orientation impact energy saving on average by 3–13 and 6–11 percentage points, respectively. The case study showed that almost 20% of the building energy demand can be saved by means of passive solar systems. A higher contribution is given by mixing direct and indirect solutions, as half of the heating and around 25% of the cooling energy demand can be cut off.

scholarly journals Influence of CFRC Insulating Plates on Spark Plasma Sintering Process

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Alexander M. Laptev ◽  
Jürgen Hennicke ◽  
Robert Ihl
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Composite Powders ◽  
Fem Method ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Axial Temperature ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Power And Energy ◽  
The Impact

Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) is a technology used for fast consolidation of metallic, ceramic, and composite powders. The upscaling of this technology requires a reduction in energy consumption and homogenization of temperature in compacts. The application of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Carbon (CFRC) insulating plates between the sintering setup and the electrodes is frequently considered as a measure to attain these goals. However, the efficiency of such a practice remains largely unexplored so far. In the present paper, the impact of CFRC plates on required power, total sintering energy, and temperature distribution was investigated by experiments and by Finite Element Modeling (FEM). The study was performed at a temperature of 1000 °C with a graphite dummy mimicking an SPS setup. A rather moderate influence of CFRC plates on power and energy demand was found. Furthermore, the cooling stage becomes considerably longer. However, the application of CFRC plates leads to a significant reduction in the axial temperature gradient. The comparative analysis of experimental and modeling results showed the good capability of the FEM method for prediction of temperature distribution and required electric current. However, a discrepancy between measured and calculated voltage and power was found. This issue must be further investigated, considering the influence of AC harmonics in the DC field.

scholarly journals Optimal Synergy between Photovoltaic Panels and Hydrogen Fuel Cells for Green Power Supply of a Green Building—A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6304
Author(s):  
Raluca-Andreea Felseghi ◽  
Ioan Așchilean ◽  
Nicoleta Cobîrzan ◽  
Andrei Mircea Bolboacă ◽  
Maria Simona Raboaca
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Photovoltaic Panels

Alternative energy resources have a significant function in the performance and decarbonization of power engendering schemes in the building application domain. Additionally, “green buildings” play a special role in reducing energy consumption and minimizing CO2 emissions in the building sector. This research article analyzes the performance of alternative primary energy sources (sun and hydrogen) integrated into a hybrid photovoltaic panel/fuel cell system, and their optimal synergy to provide green energy for a green building. The study addresses the future hydrogen-based economy, which involves the supply of hydrogen as the fuel needed to provide fuel cell energy through a power distribution infrastructure. The objective of this research is to use fuel cells in this field and to investigate their use as a green building energy supply through a hybrid electricity generation system, which also uses photovoltaic panels to convert solar energy. The fuel cell hydrogen is supplied through a distribution network in which hydrogen production is outsourced and independent of the power generation system. The case study creates virtual operating conditions for this type of hybrid energy system and simulates its operation over a one-year period. The goal is to demonstrate the role and utility of fuel cells in virtual conditions by analyzing energy and economic performance indicators, as well as carbon dioxide emissions. The case study analyzes the optimal synergy between photovoltaic panels and fuel cells for the power supply of a green building. In the simulation, an optimally configured hybrid system supplies 100% of the energy to the green building while generating carbon dioxide emissions equal to 11.72% of the average value calculated for a conventional energy system providing similar energy to a standard residential building. Photovoltaic panels account for 32% of the required annual electricity production, and the fuel cells generate 68% of the total annual energy output of the system.

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