scholarly journals Development and Application of a SWMM-Based Simulation Model for Municipal Scale Hydrologic Assessments

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1644
Author(s):  
Tyler Dell ◽  
Mostafa Razzaghmanesh ◽  
Sybil Sharvelle ◽  
Mazdak Arabi
Keyword(s):  
Input Data ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Storm Water Management Model ◽  
Continuous Simulation ◽  
Stormwater Control ◽  
Data Requirements ◽  
Hydrologic Performance

There is growing interest for the installation of green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) to improve stormwater control, increase infiltration of stormwater, and improve receiving water body quality. Planning level tools are needed to inform municipal scale decisions on the type and extent of GSI to apply. Here, a modified methodology is developed for the EPA Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) to create SWMM for Low Impact Technology Evaluation (SWWM-LITE) that enables municipal scale assessment of stormwater control measure (SCM) performance with minimal input data requirements and low processing time. Hydrologic outputs of SWMM-LITE are compared to those for SWMM and the National Stormwater Calculator (SWC) to assess the performance of SWMM-LITE. Three scenarios including the baseline without SCMs and the installation of varying SCMs were investigated. Across the three scenarios, SWMM-LITE estimates of annual average hydrologic performance (runoff, infiltration, and evaporation) were within +/−0.1% of estimates from a rigorously developed SWMM model in the City of Fort Collins, CO, for an evaluation of 30 years of continuous simulation. Analysis conducted for 2 year (y), 10 y, and 100 y storm events showed less than +/−2.5% difference between SWMM and SWMM-LITE hydrologic outputs. SWC provided reasonable estimates of hydrologic parameters for the case study area, but was designed for site level analyses of performance of SCMs rather than on the municipal scale. A sensitivity analysis revealed that the most sensitive parameters were primarily consistent for the SWMM-LITE and the complete SWMM. SWMM-LITE has low input data requirements and processing time and can be applied for assessing the hydrologic performance of SCMs to inform planning level decisions.

Comparing Bridge Deck Runoff and Stormwater Control Measure Quality in North Carolina

2015 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 04014045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan J. Winston ◽  
Matthew S. Lauffer ◽  
Karthik Narayanaswamy ◽  
Andrew H. McDaniel ◽  
Brian S. Lipscomb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Bridge Deck ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Stormwater Control

scholarly journals Simulation of Low Impact Development (LID) Practices and Comparison with Conventional Drainage Solutions

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis M. Kourtis ◽  
Vassilios A. Tsihrintzis ◽  
Evangelos Baltas
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Storm Water Management Model ◽  
Runoff Volume ◽  
Peak Runoff

The present work aims at quantifying the benefit of Low Impact Development (LID) practices in reducing peak runoff and runoff volume, and at comparing LID practices to conventional stormwater solutions. The hydrologic-hydraulic model used was the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM5.1). The LID practices modeled were: (i) Green roofs; and (ii) Permeable pavements. Each LID was tested independently and compared to two different conventional practices, i.e., sewer enlargement and detention pond design. Results showed that for small storm events LID practices are comparable to conventional measures, in reducing flooding. Overall, smaller storms should be included in the design process.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Main Function of Low Impact Development Based on Rainfall Events

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2231
Author(s):  
Meiyan Feng ◽  
Kwansue Jung ◽  
Fengping Li ◽  
Hongyan Li ◽  
Joo-Cheol Kim
Keyword(s):  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Hydrological Process ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Hydrological Balance ◽  
Storm Water Management Model ◽  
Cycle System ◽  
Positive Effect

Low Impact Development (LID) is one of the sustainable approaches to urban stormwater management in areas with rapid urbanization. Although LID has been shown to have a positive effect in flood reduction, the hydrological balance regulation effect of LID under a variety of rainfall events is not fully understood. In this study, we assessed the hydrological efficiency of LID at two residential–commercial mixed sites in Korea to investigate the main function of LID in terms of diverse rainfall characteristics. Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) was constructed to simulate the hydrological process numerical simulations in the pre-development, post-development and LID design scenarios, respectively. The model was calibrated and validated by using five observed rainfall–runoff events. Then, four single and four multiple LID practices (LIDs) were used to estimate their effectiveness under seven different designed rainfall events. The results indicate that LIDs substantially influence the hydrology cycle system, while the regulating effect varies with rainfall amounts. The efficiency of LIDs in flood reduction is proved to be more effective during lower storm events. However, LIDs should be designed to primarily prioritize the restoration of hydrological balance when the rainfall return period is longer.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Hydrologic Benefits of a Bioswale in Brunswick County, North Carolina (NC), USA

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca A. Purvis ◽  
Ryan J. Winston ◽  
William F. Hunt ◽  
Brian Lipscomb ◽  
Karthik Narayanaswamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Design Storm ◽  
State Highway ◽  
The Media ◽  
Rain Events ◽  
The One ◽  
Stormwater Control

Bioswales are a promising stormwater control measure (SCM) for roadway runoff management, but few studies have assessed performance on a field scale. A bioswale is a vegetated channel with underlying engineered media and a perforated underdrain to promote improved hydrologic and water quality treatment. A bioswale with a rip-rap lined forebay was constructed along state highway NC 211 in Bolivia, North Carolina, USA, and monitored for 12 months. Thirty-seven of the 39 monitored rain events exfiltrated into underlying soils, resulting in no appreciable overflow or underdrain volume. The bioswale completely exfiltrated a storm event of 86.1 mm. The one event to have underdrain-only flow was 4.8 mm. The largest and third-largest rainfall depth events (82.6 and 146 mm, respectively) had a large percentage (85%) of volume exfiltrated, but also had appreciable overflow and underdrain volumes exiting the bioswale, resulting in no peak flow mitigation. Overall, this bioswale design was able to capture and manage storms larger than the design storm (38 mm), showing the positive hydrologic performance that can be achieved by this bioswale. The high treatment capabilities were likely due to the high infiltration rate of the media and the underlying soil, longer forebay underlain with media, gravel detention layer with an underdrain, and shallow slope.

scholarly journals Detection of the effects of stormwater control measure in streams using a Bayesian BACI power analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 661 ◽  
pp. 386-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Liang ◽  
Lora A. Harris ◽  
Jeremy M. Testa ◽  
Vyacheslav Lyubchich ◽  
Solange Filoso
Keyword(s):  
Power Analysis ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Stormwater Control

Hydrologic regionalisation impacts on wet-weather control selection

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 485-492
Author(s):  
W.C. Huber ◽  
W.J. Wells ◽  
I.K. Besaw ◽  
M.A. Leisenring
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Storm Water Management Model ◽  
Continuous Simulation ◽  
Runoff Volume ◽  
Drain Time ◽  
Weather Control ◽  
Wet Weather

Continuous simulation is performed using the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) to evaluate regional differences around the United States in hydrologic and water quality performance of wet-weather controls. Controls are characterised as being limited by peak inflow rate (i.e. any device with little or no storage, such as screens, filters and some proprietary devices) or by storage capacity (e.g. ponds, tanks). For flow-limited devices, results are presented in the form of percentage of annual runoff volume captured (passing through the device) for a given inflow capacity. For storage-limited devices, results are presented in two forms: percentage of annual runoff volume captured as a function of unit basin size and drawdown (drain) time, and as a percentage of total suspended solids captured, for the same two variables. Regional differences are apparent, driven mainly by variations in rainfall patterns around the country.

scholarly journals Stochastic Hybrid Event Based and Continuous Approach to Derive Flood Frequency Curve

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 1931
Author(s):  
Alvaro Sordo-Ward ◽  
Ivan Gabriel-Martín ◽  
Paola Bianucci ◽  
Giuseppe Mascaro ◽  
Enrique R. Vivoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Hybrid Method ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Weather Generator ◽  
Flood Frequency ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Frequency Curve ◽  
Continuous Simulation ◽  
Event Based ◽  
Frequency Curves

This study proposes a methodology that combines the advantages of the event-based and continuous models, for the derivation of the maximum flow and maximum hydrograph volume frequency curves, by combining a stochastic continuous weather generator (the advanced weather generator, abbreviated as AWE-GEN) with a fully distributed physically based hydrological model (the TIN-based real-time integrated basin simulator, abbreviated as tRIBS) that runs both event-based and continuous simulation. The methodology is applied to Peacheater Creek, a 64 km2 basin located in Oklahoma, United States. First, a continuous set of 5000 years’ hourly weather forcing series is generated using the stochastic weather generator AWE-GEN. Second, a hydrological continuous simulation of 50 years of the climate series is generated with the hydrological model tRIBS. Simultaneously, the separation of storm events is performed by applying the exponential method to the 5000- and 50-years climate series. From the continuous simulation of 50 years, the mean soil moisture in the top 10 cm (MSM10) of the soil layer of the basin at an hourly time step is extracted. Afterwards, from the times series of hourly MSM10, the values associated to all the storm events within the 50 years of hourly weather series are extracted. Therefore, each storm event has an initial soil moisture value associated (MSM10Event). Thus, the probability distribution of MSM10Event for each month of the year is obtained. Third, the five major events of each of the 5000 years in terms of total depth are simulated in an event-based framework in tRIBS, assigning an initial moisture state value for the basin using a Monte Carlo framework. Finally, the maximum annual hydrographs are obtained in terms of maximum peak-flow and volume, and the associated frequency curves are derived. To validate the method, the results obtained by the hybrid method are compared to those obtained by deriving the flood frequency curves from the continuous simulation of 5000 years, analyzing the maximum annual peak-flow and maximum annual volume, and the dependence between the peak-flow and volume. Independence between rainfall events and prior hydrological soil moisture conditions has been proved. The proposed hybrid method can reproduce the univariate flood frequency curves with a good agreement to those obtained by the continuous simulation. The maximum annual peak-flow frequency curve is obtained with a Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient of 0.98, whereas the maximum annual volume frequency curve is obtained with a Nash–Sutcliffe value of 0.97. The proposed hybrid method permits to generate hydrological forcing by using a fully distributed physically based model but reducing the computation times on the order from months to hours.

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