scholarly journals Influence of Community Factors on Water Saving in a Mega City after Implementing the Progressive Price Schemes

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1097
Author(s):  
Shaohong Han ◽  
Jizhi Zhou ◽  
Zeyuan Liu ◽  
Lijian Zhang ◽  
Xin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Housing Price ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Community Factors ◽  
Management Fees ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Residential Water

A progressive price scheme (PPS) has been implemented in Shanghai since 2013 in consideration of residents’ ability to pay, and charges are based on the actual water consumption of the residents, in an effort to balance the rational allocation of water resources and the goal of saving water between rich and poor families. In the current work, the effect of the PPS for water use was evaluated based on the water use of 6661 households from 14 communities in Shanghai. It was found that the PPS did not reduce household water consumption when comparing the water consumption per household both before and after the implementation of the PPS policy. To investigate the weakness of the PPS, a principal component analysis (PCA) and a hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were conducted to access the relationships between mean household water use and community factors such as housing price, management fees, and the number of parking sites. Moreover, a significant inverted U-shaped curve between housing price and water use was found, which demonstrates that rental households shared by several tenants were the main consumers of residential water, and they were not sensitive to the water price improvement in the PPS due to sharing water prices. Therefore, a proposal was made in this work to increase the proportion of water fee expenditure in the total household income and to use 3% as the benchmark for water affordability. Our results provided a new picture of residential water use in big cities and a method for saving and balancing urban water resources.

scholarly journals The Effect of Social Behavior on Residential Water Consumption

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1184
Author(s):  
Daniel Morales Martínez ◽  
Alexandre Gori Maia
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Innovative Strategy ◽  
Peer Effect ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Residential Water Consumption ◽  
Residential Water

We analyze how residential water consumption is influenced by the consumption of households belonging to the same social group (peer effect). Analyses are based on household-level data provided by the Brazilian Household Budget Survey and use an innovative strategy that estimates the spatial dependence of water consumption while simultaneously controlling for potential sources of sample selectivity and endogeneity. The estimates of our quantile regression models highlight that, conditional on household characteristics, the greater the household water consumption, the greater the peer effect. In other words, the overconsumption of residential water seems to be influenced mainly by the behavior of social peers.

scholarly journals Water Use Special Features under the Water Resources Scarcity Conditions (the Ishim River as a Study Case)

2015 ◽  
pp. 4-19
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Volume Reduction ◽  
Transboundary Basin ◽  
Study Case ◽  
Water Quality Deterioration

Special features of water use within the boundaries of the Ishim River transboundary basin (an area with very scanty water resources) have been analyzed. In spite of the general trend of water consumption volume reduction the water quality deterioration has been found in the basin. The degree of anthropogenic impact upon water resources have been assessed on the basis of direct and indirect indicators.

scholarly journals How managers can reduce household water use through communication: A field experiment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Hodges ◽  
Colin Kuehl ◽  
Sarah E. Anderson ◽  
Phillip John Ehret ◽  
Cameron Brick
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Water ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Residential Water Use ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Water District ◽  
Residential Water

As populations increase and droughts intensify, water providers are using tools such as persuasive messaging to decrease residential water use. However, district-led messaging campaigns are rarely informed by psychological science, evaluated for effectiveness, or strategically disseminated. In collaboration with a water district, we report a field experiment among single-family households using persuasive messaging based on the information-motivation-behavioral skills model (IMB). We randomly assigned 10,000 households to receive different mailings and measured household water use. All messaging reduced water consumption relative to the control. On average, water use dropped 0.68 HCF (509 gallons) per household in the first month. Had all 10,000 single-family, occupied, non-agricultural residences been mailed the IMB messaging, more than 5 million gallons would have been saved in the first month. The effects declined but persisted for approximately three months and were three to six times greater in households with high water use (75th-90th percentiles) relative to average water use. These findings suggest that combining message elements from the IMB model can reduce residential water use and that targeting high-use households is particularly cost-effective.

Water resources in the hotel industry: a systematic literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Antonova ◽  
Inés Ruiz-Rosa ◽  
Javier Mendoza-Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Hotel Industry ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Content Type

Purpose This study aims to structure research on water resources in the hotel industry, identifying the key areas and research gaps in this field. Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review of water use in the hotel industry has been performed using the Scopus and Web of Science databases. From 515 articles selected between the years 2000 and 2019, a sample of 58 articles was used to structure existing research on this subject. Findings Research is classified into four groups: water consumption, water management, impacts of water use and good practices, with different research methods and topics within each one. Existing research gaps and their causes are also discussed. The results show how academic research can help strengthen international methodologies that measure sustainability. Research limitations/implications Because of the search process, some publications on water consumption in the hotel industry may have been missed; also book chapters and conference papers were excluded. Furthermore, the authors recognise some subjectivity in the classification of articles. Originality/value To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first systematic analysis focussed on water use in the hotel industry. The findings can be used to build a research framework for this area, establishing an approach to cover research gaps and to connect academic research with general methodologies and indicators of sustainability, as well as improving data collection techniques in this field.

Analysis of Fairness of Water Use Based on Geordie Coefficient in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 212-213 ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
Hua Xin Chen ◽  
Xin Yi Xu
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Quantity ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
The North ◽  
Set Up ◽  
North And South

Bases on the expansion of Geordie Coefficient, a analysis method for water consumption fairness have been set up, and the Geordie coefficients are calculated to describe the influence of population, GDP, water quantity on water use of China in 2009. Then water demand coefficient is put forward to estimate the reasons for unfairness of water use. Moreover, Geordie coefficient of the North and South of China is analyzed. The results show that Geordie Coefficient represents unfairness of water use, which result from the unfair factors, including population, GDP, and water quantity. The research can provide reference for reasonable configuration of the water resources.

Regional variability in water use intensity in China by clustering analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1102-1109
Author(s):  
Xinghua Fan ◽  
Huihui Xu ◽  
Cheng Ning ◽  
Liangjie Wu
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Clustering Algorithms ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Gaussian Mixture ◽  
Clustering Method ◽  
Regional Variability ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Index Decomposition

Water use intensity (WUI) reveals water withdrawals with respect to economic output. Decomposing WUI into factors provides inner-system information affecting the indicator. The present study investigates variability in WUI among provinces in China by clustering the principal components of the decomposed factors. Motivated by the index decomposition method, the authors decomposed WUI into seven factors: water use in agricultural, industrial, household and ecological sectors, exploitation rate of water resources, per capita water resources and population intensity. Those seven factors condense into four principal components under application of principal component analysis. Comprehensive WUI is calculated by these four components. Then the cluster analysis is applied to get different patterns in WUI. The principal components and the comprehensive intensity are taken as cluster variables. The number of clusters is determined to be three by applying the k-means clustering method and the F-statistic value. Variability in WUI is detected by implementing three clustering algorithms, namely k-means, fuzzy c-means and the Gaussian mixture model. WUI in China is clustered into three clusters by the k-means clustering method. Characteristics of each cluster are analyzed.

scholarly journals THE PARTICULARITIES OF WATER USE IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Burduja ◽  
Petru Bacal ◽  
Veronica Railean
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Groundwater Reserves

The purpose of this study is assessment of water use in the Central Region of the Republic of Moldova. The main topics presented in this paper are: 1) assessment of water resources in the Central Region of the Republic of Moldova; 2) tendencies of water consumption on the abstracted sources and on the main usage categories; 3) spatial and branch analysis of water use; 5) the main problems of water use and protection in the region of study. In the region of study are concentrated about 2/3 of groundwater reserves of Republic of Moldova. From surface sources is abstracted ≈3/4 of total volume of water used and over 60% of water is used by households. Outside of Chisinau, over 70% of the water is abstracted from underground sources and is used for various agricultural needs. In the 2007-2017 years, the volume of water use registers a significant decrease which is conditioned, mainly, by decreasing of water abstracted from surface sources and used for agricultural activities, especially for irrigation.

scholarly journals Assessment of Water Use Impact on Mangrove Forest in the Dongnai River Basin

2015 ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Sustainable Water Use ◽  
Natural Territory

Results of calculations and forecast of water consumption in the Dongnai River (Vietnam) for the period till 2020 are discussed. The analysis, the water regime forecast and water consumption optimization are considered the basis for sustainable water use formation and attaining of water resources use effectiveness in the Vietnam’s national economy providing securing of environmental safety, particularly, necessary hydrological conditions for preservation of the mangrove forest ecosystem of the «Kanzio» specially protected natural territory near the river’s mouth.

Dynamic Water Pricing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Quentin Grafton ◽  
Long Chu ◽  
Paul Wyrwoll
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Water Allocation ◽  
Water Pricing ◽  
Water Insecurity ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
The Future

Water insecurity poses threats to both human welfare and ecological systems. Global water abstractions (extractions) have increased threefold over the period 1960–2010, and an increasing trend in abstractions is expected to continue. Rising water use is placing significant pressure on water resources, leading to depletion of surface and underground water systems, and exposing up to 4 billion people to high levels of seasonal or persistent water insecurity. Climate change is deepening the risks of water scarcity by increasing rainfall variability. By the 2050s, the water–climate change challenge could cause an additional 620 million people to live with chronic water shortage and increase by 75% the proportion of cropland exposed to drought. While there is no single solution to water scarcity or water justice, increasing the benefits of water use through better planning and incentives can help. Pricing is an effective tool to regulate water consumption for irrigation, for residential uses, and especially in response to droughts. For a water allocation to be efficient, the water price paid by users should be equal to the marginal economic cost of water supply. Accounting for all costs of supply is important even though, in practice, water prices are typically set to meet a range of social and political objectives. Dynamic water pricing provides a tool for increasing allocative efficiency in short-term water allocation and the long-term planning of water resources. A dynamic relationship exists between water consumption at a point in time and water scarcity in the future. Thus, dynamic water pricing schemes may take into account the benefit of consuming water at that time and also the water availability that could be used should a drought occur in the future. Dynamic water pricing can be applied with the risk-adjusted user cost (RAUC), which measures the risk impact of current water consumption on the welfare of future water users.

scholarly journals Can Water Rights Trading Scheme Promote Regional Water Conservation in China? Evidence from a Time-Varying DID Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Fang ◽  
Fengping Wu
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Trading Scheme ◽  
Regional Water

Using the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 1998 to 2017, we adopt a time-varying difference-in-differences (time-varying DID) model to estimate the impact of water rights trading scheme on regional water consumption. The results show that water rights trading can significantly promote water conservation in the pilot regions by 3.1% compared to that in the non-pilot regions, and a series of robustness tests show consistent results. Policy effects are mainly driven by improving water-use efficiency and adjusting water structure; that is, by transferring water resources from the agricultural sector to the other sectors, agricultural water efficiency is improved and water conflict among sectors is alleviated; thus, water saving is achieved. In addition, by constructing two indexes of regional water pressure and tradable water resources, our heterogeneity analysis shows that water rights trading performs better in areas with high water pressure and large tradable water resources. Under the high pressure of large water use and low water endowment, water rights trading will evidently reduce water consumption more so than in the low-pressure regions, and with water rights trading, it is hard to achieve a policy effect in regions without sufficient tradable water resources. This paper provides important policy implications for China for further promoting the water rights trading scheme in the field of resource conservation.

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