scholarly journals Comprehensive Feature Analysis for Sewer Deterioration Modeling

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 819
Author(s):  
Bolette D. Hansen ◽  
Søren H. Rasmussen ◽  
Mads Uggerby ◽  
Thomas B. Moeslund ◽  
David G. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Feature Analysis ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Data Bases ◽  
Inspection Strategy ◽  
Feature Importance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Condition State

Timely maintenance of sewers is essential to preventing reduced functionality and breakdown of the systems. Due to the high costs associated with inspecting a sewer system, substantial research has focused on sewer deterioration modeling and identification of the most useful features. However, there is a lack of consensus in the findings. This study investigates how the feature importance depends on the definition of bad pipes and how the feature importance changes between utilities with similar data bases. A dataset containing 318,457 pipes from 35 utilities with a condition state (CS) ranging from one to four was used. The dataset was cleaned, and a backward step analysis (BSA) was applied to two ways of binarizing the CS. Additionally, a BSA was applied for each utility with ≥100 pipes in CS four. The results showed that a selective definition of bad pipes reduced the performance and changed the order of which features contributed the most. In each case, either year of construction, age, groundwater, year of rehabilitation, or dimension was the most important feature. On average 6.5 features contributed to the utility-specific models. The feature analysis was sensitive to the inspection strategy, the size of the dataset, and interdependency between the features.

A Systematic Review of Questionnaires Measuring Health-Related Empowerment

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary J. Herbert ◽  
Anita J. Gagnon ◽  
Janet E. Rennick ◽  
Jennifer L. O’Loughlin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Full Article ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Data Bases ◽  
Moderate Evidence ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Definition Of

The objective of this systematic review was to identify questionnaires that measure health-related empowerment in adults or families and demonstrated the best evidence of reliability and validity. A search of nine data bases identified 8,269 abstracts that referred to empowerment. Full article review was completed for abstracts that met the inclusion criteria or that could not be excluded with certainty (n = 124). Fifty distinct, modified, or translated questionnaires measuring empowerment were identified in 74 articles. Each was rated in terms of reliability and validity. One questionnaire had good evidence of reliability and validity, four had moderate evidence, and 45 had limited or no evidence. Limited or no evidence for reliability and validity for many questionnaires could relate in part to lack of consensus on the theoretical definition of, and indicators for measuring empowerment. We recommend that researchers use the questionnaire rated as having good evidence and that data on reliability and validity continue to be reported for other questionnaires.

Types of Disorders and Demographic Variables in A Canadian Child Psychiatry Population

1978 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Beitchman ◽  
Kathy Bell ◽  
Susan Simeon
Keyword(s):  
Child Psychiatry ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Childhood Psychopathology ◽  
Treatment Centre ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Symptom Type ◽  
Adult Psychopathology

The value and extent of epidemiologic investigations of adult psychopathology is contrasted with the paucity of similar data in child psychiatry. Some findings from American and British sources on the epidemiology of childhood psychopathology are noted but it is not known whether these findings would also be true in the Canadian setting, and what little Canadian data are available are not readily comparable with much of these foreign data. Using both the D.S.M.II diagnostic schema and the child's symptoms as the definition of type of disorder, the relationship between type of disorder and demographic variables among 96 children attending a Canadian Regional Treatment Centre was investigated. The results indicate that, in general, the relationship between type of disorder and age is consistent with reports from American and other foreign studies. No significant associations between social class and type of disorder could be discerned. The analysis of sex and type of disorder produced somewhat contradictory results. Using symptom data, the possibility of changing patterns of symptom expression (toward increased proportion of externalizing symptoms) among girls is raised. If the reference point is diagnosis rather than symptom type, the results are more consistent with expected notions of neurotic disturbances being more common among girls, and conduct problems being more common among boys, but the possibility of sex stereotyping on the part of the diagnosing physician cannot be ruled out. Finally, it is suggested that population studies are needed to investigate further the relationships between childhood psychopathology and demographic variables.

Creonization of Health Care

1990 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-303
Author(s):  
Roger J. Bulger
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Greek Tragedy ◽  
Large Data ◽  
The Self ◽  
Data Bases ◽  
Definition Of Health ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Contemporary Health Care

AbstractAs prefigured in the Greek tragedy Antigone, one of the primary conflicts in contemporary health care is that between humane concern for the individual and concern for society at large and administrative rules. The computerization of the health care system and development of large data bases will create new forms of this conflict that will challenge the self-definition of health care and health care professionals.

Modification of a Management Information System Software Package to Process Drug Reaction Data

1971 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 09-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. V. Cuddihy ◽  
W. S. Ring ◽  
N. F. Augustine
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Program Package ◽  
Management Problem ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Management Information ◽  
File Organization ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Reaction Data ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Definition Of

Design and implementation of computer systems to process drag adverse reaction data usually require considerable investment in time, personnel and money. Modification of a commercially available program package offers a potentially economical means to establish an effective system in a relatively short period of time. Adaptation of this program package to our specific task involved only three major steps: (1) definition of the data to be stored; (2) definition of file organization, and (3) modification of the package to provide programming for field definition, an edit routine, and input/output routines. These steps were accomplished within a matter of weeks and at relatively low cost, including the original expenditure for the purchase of the commercial software. Seven subsystems were developed for the formation, maintenance and utilization of the data base. Each : subsystem is described in detail to permit ready application of this approach to any similar data management problem.

Two Applications of Model-Theoretic Forcing to Lipski’s Data Bases with Incomplete Information1

1989 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-287
Author(s):  
Marek A. Suchenek
Keyword(s):  
Incomplete Information ◽  
Data Base ◽  
Order Structure ◽  
Implicit Assumption ◽  
Data Bases ◽  
Adequate Model ◽  
First Order ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Unique Domain ◽  
Order Structures

This paper concerns two aspects of incomplete information in data bases: - computations of answers to queries which are externally interpreted in some incomplete first-order structures with dependencies, and - the proper treatment of modal operators in such structures. We introduce the notion of an incomplete first-order structure with dependencies which seems to be an adequate model of data bases with incomplete information. We show that the widely accepted implicit assumption that first-order models (of a data base) have a unique domain, has no first-order consequences if the set of premises (represented in the data base) contains only a finite amount of information explicitly involving the elements of this domain. This observation allows us to evaluate the degree of unsolvability of the problem of answering externally interpreted queries in the incomplete first-order structures. Moreover, we propose a forcing-based definition of the internal interpretation of modal queries in such structures, and investigate some of the properties of this interpretation.

scholarly journals Dataset for Assessing the Economic Performance of a Residential PV Plant: The Analysis of a New Policy Proposal

Data ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Idiano D’Adamo ◽  
Massimo Gastaldi ◽  
Piergiuseppe Morone
Keyword(s):  
Input Data ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Discounted Cash Flow ◽  
Policy Proposal ◽  
Complex Decision ◽  
Alternative Scenarios ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Photovoltaic Plants

This data article aims at providing a data description about the manuscript entitled “The post COVID-19 green recovery in practice: assessing the profitability of a policy proposal on residential photovoltaic plants”. The definition of a business plan is a complex decision because the choice of the input data significantly influences the economic assessment of a project. An Excel file is used to construct an economic model based on the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) methodology using Net Present Value (NPV) as an indicator. The choice of input data is defined by literature analysis, and policy proposals are identified by the Revival Decree adopted by Italian Government to contrast human and economic shock effected by COVID-19. The aggregation of these data enabled us to obtain both baseline and alternative scenarios to define if the realization of a residential photovoltaic (PV) plant is economically feasible. Similar data can be obtained for other countries according to the policy actions adopted, and this work can be easily replicated in different geographical contexts and considering varying categories of stakeholders (e.g., consumers, which are called upon to implement a green transition).

A Quantitative Approach to a Risk-Based Inspection Methodology of Main Steam and Hot Reheat Piping Systems

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin J. Cohn ◽  
Jeffrey T. Fong ◽  
Philip M. Besuner
Keyword(s):  
Failure Probability ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Life Management ◽  
Probability Estimates ◽  
Richter Scale ◽  
Inspection Strategy ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Main Steam

This paper presents an evaluation of the failure probability and cost of high energy piping (HEP) failures. Using a conventional definition of risk as the product of failure probability and failure consequence, we propose in this paper a dollar value of consequence in order to develop a quantitative approach to risk-based inspection (RBI) methodology. A 16-year historical database of probability and consequence was evaluated as an RBI methodology for devising a life management strategy for welds in main steam and hot reheat piping systems. This evaluation provides us the raw data necessary for producing a concrete example of this new Richter-scale-like approach. Uncertainty in consequence and probability estimates is also provided in plotting (a) a static consequence vs. likelihood diagram at a specific time for comparing the relative severity of a variety of potential failures, and (b) a dynamic risk vs. time diagram for a specific hardware under continuous monitoring where the effect of life management decisions over a period of time is quantitatively displayed. Significance of this new approach to risk-based inspection strategy for advancing the state-of-the-art of managing aging structures is discussed.

Thyroid Cancer: Extent of Thyroidectomy

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok R. Shaha
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Total Thyroidectomy ◽  
Surgical Procedure ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Data Bases ◽  
Medullary Cancer ◽  
Definition Of

Background Surgical resection is the key to management of thyroid cancer, but determining the optimal surgical procedure for individual cases has been controversial. Methods The author reviews several large data bases that allow examination of prognostic criteria for long-term outcomes. Results Patients can be classified into good- or poor-risk groups that assist defining the optimal surgical procedure. Routine use of total thyroidectomy in all patients with thyroid cancer is best avoided; however, patients with medullary cancer generally need total thyroidectomy. Conclusions The definition of risk groups has clarified the options regarding choice of primary surgical therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer.

Introductory paper

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 3-5
Author(s):  
W. W. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Line Intensity ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Spectral Classification ◽  
Dimensional Array ◽  
Rr Lyrae ◽  
Metallic Line ◽  
Introductory Paper ◽  
Parameter Varying ◽  
Definition Of

1. The definition of “normal” stars in spectral classification changes with time; at the time of the publication of theYerkes Spectral Atlasthe term “normal” was applied to stars whose spectra could be fitted smoothly into a two-dimensional array. Thus, at that time, weak-lined spectra (RR Lyrae and HD 140283) would have been considered peculiar. At the present time we would tend to classify such spectra as “normal”—in a more complicated classification scheme which would have a parameter varying with metallic-line intensity within a specific spectral subdivision.

2.2. Working Group 2: Conceptual Definitions of Reference Coordinate Systems for Earth Dynamics

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Working Group ◽  
General Character ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Reference Coordinate System ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Earth Dynamics

An ideal definition of a reference coordinate system should meet the following general requirements:1. It should be as conceptually simple as possible, so its philosophy is well understood by the users.2. It should imply as few physical assumptions as possible. Wherever they are necessary, such assumptions should be of a very general character and, in particular, they should not be dependent upon astronomical and geophysical detailed theories.3. It should suggest a materialization that is dynamically stable and is accessible to observations with the required accuracy.

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