scholarly journals An Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in the Nakdong River Around the Weir

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 684
Author(s):  
Hee Won Son ◽  
Sun Hee Shim ◽  
Haeseong Oh ◽  
Jung Hyun Choi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Nakdong River ◽  
Risk Assessment Code ◽  
The Nakdong River ◽  
Reducible Fraction

In this study, the concentrations and characteristics of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and lead (Pb) contamination in sediment samples were investigated using aqua regia extraction and Tessier’s five-step sequential extraction. Based on the concentration of metals, the influence of the Hapcheon-Changnyeong weir on sediments in the Nakdong River was assessed. The origins of the contaminants, their bioavailability, and their mobility were determined using sequential extraction. Greater concentrations of heavy metals were found in samples collected closer to the weir. The largest proportion of Cu was identified in the residual fraction based on sequential extraction, whereas Zn was predominantly found in the reducible fraction. Iron-manganese in the reducible fraction of Zn has the potential to leach back to the water body. In addition, the combined concentration of fractions 1 and 2 of Cu comprised more than 20% of total amount that still has potential to affect the water quality. The results of this study were compared with existing sediment standards set out by the NIER (National Institute of Environmental Research), Canada, and US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) guidelines, as well as the risk assessment code (RAC). The concentrations of heavy metals exceeded the standards set by the Canadian guideline by up to four times in particular samples, highlighting the need for continual monitoring.

Research on the Morphological of Lead and Zinc in the Smelting Slag

2015 ◽  
Vol 1088 ◽  
pp. 200-205
Author(s):  
Lin Yu ◽  
Dong Wei Li
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Bcr Sequential Extraction ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Smelting Slag ◽  
Reducible Fraction

In this paper analysed the forms of heavy metals (Zn Pb Cd and As) of the Smelting Slag for Lead and Zinc,using BCR sequential extraction. Different chemical morphological of heavy metals have different activity and harmfulness. Migration and Utilization of heavy metals were decided by the existent form of heavy metals in the soil,which influenced Bioactivity and Toxicity. The results show that the main forms of Zn and Cd are Oxidizable and Residual fraction, and Pb mainly occurred in Oxidizable and Reducible fraction. however, As mainly occurred in Residual fraction, which the percentage of reachs 99.56%. According to the percentage of fractions extracted in total content (As is 0.44%, Zn is 14.7%, Pb is 85.98%, Cd is 48.86%),the latent ecological risk of heavy metals varied in the descending order of,Pb Cd Zn and As.

scholarly journals Sequential extraction and risk assessment of pollutants from one major tributary of the Ganga

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinay Kumar ◽  
Pokhraj Sahu ◽  
Markandeya
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment Code ◽  
Bed Sediments ◽  
Gomti River

Abstract The geochemical fractionation of toxic heavy metals Cd, Pb, Cr, Co, Mn, Ni, Cu, Fe and Zn was investigated in 10 different sites of river bed sediments (up, mid and downstream) of Gomti River at Lucknow city. Sequential extraction technique was used to identify the distribution of trace elements binding in different fractions i.e., exchangeable, carbonate, Fe and Mn oxide, organic matter and residual. Heavy metal concentrations were least at upstream and significantly higher in mid and downstream. Fractionation indicated that dominant metals were bound in residual fraction to the bed sediments except for Cd and Pb which were bound in an equivalent fraction. Geo-accumulation index factor reveals that the enrichment of heavy metals in the bio-available fraction is contributed anthropogenically. Hierarchical cluster analysis also shows the metal pollution load in the river. Risk assessment code of Cd and Ni showed very high risk (ranged from 54.41 to 85.56 and 20.57 to 44.92 respectively) followed by Pb (high risk), Zn, Co (medium risk), Cr, Mn, Cu, Fe (low risk) in Gomti River water. Further, concentrations of Cd and Pb at mid Lucknow were 31 and 75%, high enough to pose a substantial risk to the environment.

scholarly journals Heavy Metal Contamination in a Protected Natural Area from Southeastern Mexico: Analysis of Risks to Human Health

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Alejandra Aguilar ◽  
Yunuen Canedo ◽  
Carlos Montalvo ◽  
Alejandro Ruiz ◽  
Rocio Barreto
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Natural Area ◽  
Commercial Species ◽  
Protected Natural Area ◽  
Fishery Products

In this chapter, a little of the history of Carmen City, Mexico is addressed; this island is immersed in a Protected Natural Area and in the “Campeche Sound” an oil extraction site. Fishing natural resources were for many years the pillar of the development of the area; the most commercially important species are still shrimp, oysters and scales. Nowadays, although the volumes of capture have decreased considerably, different species of high commercial value are still extracted. The considerable development of the oil industry has brought with its economic development and a better quality of life for its inhabitants; however, the ravages of pollution, rapid population growth, and deforestation have been the unwanted factor. This chapter addresses the effects of heavy metals on human health through a risk analysis, based on the criteria of the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) that was carried out for different commercial species based on carcinogenic factors and not carcinogenic; the results show that the risk from consumption of these species is “potentially dangerous” for human health, especially in those species that, due to their eating habits (mollusks, bivalves, clams) tend to bio-accumulate heavy metals, such as cadmium, which it has been considered by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a risk factor; for this reason, the importance of periodically evaluating and monitoring oyster extraction banks, clams and, in general, all fishery products. Mexican legislation and various international legislations dictate the maximum permissible and tolerable levels of heavy metals in fishery products; the organisms considered in this study exceeded the permissible limits in copper and nickel, which represents a risk for human consumption.

scholarly journals Assessment of heavy metals pollution in sediment of Citarum River, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-593
Author(s):  
Mutia Oktarina Permai Yenny ◽  
Arief Hartono ◽  
Syaiful Anwar ◽  
Yumei Kang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Risk Assessment Code ◽  
Heavy Metals Pollution

Heavy metals have been reported to accumulate in sediment of Citarum River. The measurement of total heavy metals may not be able to provide information about the exact dimension of pollution, thus the determination of different fractions assumed great importance. This study was performed to determine chemical fractions of heavy metals (Cu, Ni, Cr, Pb and Cd) in sediment collected at 8 locations from Citarum River. The sequential extraction procedure was used to extract heavy metals in water-soluble, acid-soluble, MnO occluded, organically bound, FeO occluded and residual fraction in sediment. Bioavailability and potential ecological risk level of heavy metals were evaluated based on bioavailability factor (BF) and risk assessment code (RAC) method. The results showed that Cu, Ni, Cr were mostly in residual form, indicate those from geological sources. Cu had low bioavailability and no risk in all sediment samples of Citarum River. Ni and Cr each was found to have risk at 2 locations. Pb and Cd were found dominantly in non-residual fraction, suggest those from anthropogenic sources. BF and RAC analysis of Pb and Cd suggest that there is a potential risk to the aquatic environment.

Speciation and Mobility of Heavy Metals in Tailings from Dachang Mine, China

2014 ◽  
Vol 894 ◽  
pp. 266-270
Author(s):  
Quan Bi Huang ◽  
Hui Li Liu ◽  
Yi Nian Zhu ◽  
He Hua Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Chemical Speciation ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Sequential Extraction Procedure ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Guangxi Province ◽  
Trace Heavy Metals

Two carbonate tailing samples were collected from Dachang mine tailing reservoirs, Guangxi Province, China. The chemical speciation of Zn, As, Cd and Sb contained in tailing samples were determined by Dold seven-stage sequential extraction procedure, as well as mineralogical and chemical analysis. Then the potential migration abilities of these heavy metals were evaluated. The tailing analysis results showed that the main minerals were calcite, quartz, sphalerite and pyrite, the major elements were Si, S, Ca, Fe and Al, and the trace heavy metals included Zn, As, Cd and Sb. Zn mainly existed in secondary sulfide, primary sulfides and residual fraction, and As was in primary sulfide and residue, but Sb and Cd was residual fraction. The mobility of heavy metals followed the order: Zn > Sb > Cd > As.

scholarly journals Geochemical Fractionation and Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements in Sediments from Kupa River, Croatia

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2024
Author(s):  
Sanja Sakan ◽  
Stanislav Frančišković-Bilinski ◽  
Dragana Đorđević ◽  
Aleksandar Popović ◽  
Sandra Škrivanj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Toxic Element ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Risk Assessment Code ◽  
Binding Forms

This study investigated the quality of Kupa River sediment using sequential extraction, ecological risk, and contamination indexes (Risk assessment code, Index of geoaccumulation, Enrichment factor, Ecological risk factor, Ecological risk index), determination of magnetic susceptibility of sediments, and statistical methods. The BCR sequential extraction technique was used for evaluating various element-binding forms. Most of the elements were considered to be immobile due to the high availability in the residual fraction. Lead was present mainly in the reducible fraction, while more easily mobile and bioavailable forms were predominant for cadmium and barium. Sediment samples from the river catchment exhibited low ecological risk. The most toxic element, Cd, is the main contributor to the total potentially ecological risk. Increased values of contamination factors have been observed for Zn, Cr, and Ba in some localities. Results of the comparison of element contents in sediments in a 15-year period (2018 vs. 2003) indicated that the situation with toxic element content in sediments along Kupa River improved formost of its course. Unfortunately, on the lower course of the river, the situation has worsened. Using the example of Kupa River sediments, it was shown that the magnetic susceptibility method is excellent indetecting increased values of Cr.

scholarly journals Determination of forms of heavy metals in bottom ash from households using sequential extraction

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Mizerna
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Solid Material ◽  
Speciation Analysis ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Sequential Extraction Method

The paper presents the results of heavy metals mobility obtained by sequential extraction method and leaching test. Heavy metals in solid waste material occur in different forms and phases that differ in terms of the toxicity, mobility and bioavailability. The sequential extraction analysis is widely used in order to predict the behaviour of heavy metals in a solid material. The sequential extraction methods involve a gradual separation of metals in various forms by means of specific extractants. The material used in the research applied bottom ash derived from households. The results of heavy metals concentrations (Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu, Zn) in extractable forms and total content in waste were presented. The five forms of heavy metals were determined. The concentrations of heavy metals were analyzed by FAAS. The lowest concentrations of analyzed heavy metals were determined in the exchangeable form. The author observed that the particular elements occurred mainly in forms: zinc and cadmium associated with carbonates, lead and copper in the organic and residual form, chromium and nickel in the residual form. Heavy metals in the residual fraction do not pose a possible environment hazard. The application of speciation analysis of heavy metals in bottom ash provide the means to assess the content of dissoluble forms of metals in water relative to their total content. This information is useful in assessing the migration capabilities of heavy metal ions from waste to the ground-water environment. The potential for the reuse of bottom ash was also discussed in the paper.

Study of Heavy Metal Speciation in Surface Sediments of Lugu Lake, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 293-298
Author(s):  
Zheng Gang Gu ◽  
Min Wu ◽  
Ping Ning
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Surface Sediment ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Metal Mobility ◽  
Risk Assessment Code ◽  
Bcr Sequential Extraction ◽  
Lugu Lake

The speciation of the heavy metals Cu, Cr, and Pb in surface sediment samples collected from Lugu Lake in China was analyzed by European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction methods. Heavy metal bioavailability was assessed by risk assessment code. This study demonstrates that BCR sequential extraction methods and risk assessment code can be used as valuable tools to assess heavy metal mobility, bioavailability and eco-toxicity. The distribution of Cu, Cr, and Pb in the surface sediment of Lugu Lake showed that all three metals were mainly present in the reducible fraction. The bioavailability of the heavy metals in the surface sediment was in the order Cu > Cr > Pb.

scholarly journals Metal Speciation in Sediment from Muara Angke, Jakarta Bay Using of BCR Sequential Extraction Procedure

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Lestari Lestari ◽  
Fitri Budiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Metal Speciation ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Sequential Extraction Procedure ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Bcr Sequential Extraction

The assessment of the biological availability of metals is rarely used only by knowing the total concentration of the metal. Therefore, six sediment samples from Muara Angke, Teluk Jakarta were assessed the chemical speciation of heavy metals. This study aims to determine metal speciation using the BCR sequential extraction procedure and to determine metal speciation to evaluate bioavailability in the sediments of Muara Angke, Jakarta Bay. In sediment from Muara Angke, the ability to move sequence of heavy metals studied was Pb>Zn>Cu>Ni. The mostly accumulated in the non-residual fraction of the total concentrations are Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn which indicated that the mobility and anthropogenic inputs of these metals in Muara Angke were quite high. The Risk Assessment Code (RAC) reveal that Zn and Ni at almost station exist in exchangeable and a fraction of carbonate-bound and therefore high-risk category. Most of the Cu at most of the station is in the oxidizable fraction, except a small portion found at all station is in the exchangeable fraction and fraction of carbonate-bound thus posing a low risk for the waters environment. The patterns of Pb speciation show no to low risk to the waters environment. However, metal observations in the waters are necessary because they are persistent and can accumulate which threatening the water environment.

Fraction Distribution Changes of Heavy Metals in Co-Pyrolysis of Sewage Sludge and Corn Straw

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 187-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiu Rong Zhang ◽  
Shuang Quan Zhang ◽  
Ting Ting Pan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Sequential Extraction Procedure ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Corn Straw ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Fraction Distribution

Maiz’s short sequential extraction procedure was used to extract the heavy metals in the carbon residues made from sewage sludge by co-pyrolysis with corn straw. The content of heavy metals in the residues was determined by ICP-MS to study the fraction distribution changes of heavy metals. It is concluded that the content of mobile and mobilization heavy metals exsisted in the residue decrease and the content of residual heavy metals increase due to the co-pyrolysis. The co-pyrolysis temperature has great effect on the fraction distribution changes of heavy metals. The content of residual fraction for Cr, Ni, Pb is up to the top at 700°C and for Cd、Cu、Zn is at 500°C. The carbon residues are unhazardous and safe.

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