scholarly journals Terraced Landforms Onshore and Offshore the Cilento Promontory (South-Eastern Tyrrhenian Margin) and Their Significance as Quaternary Records of Sea Level Changes

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 566
Author(s):  
Alessandra Savini ◽  
Valentina Alice Bracchi ◽  
Antonella Cammarosano ◽  
Micla Pennetta ◽  
Filippo Russo

Climate change and tectonic uplift are the dominant forcing mechanisms responsible for the formation of long and narrow terraced landforms in a variety of geomorphic settings; and marine terraces are largely used to reconstruct the Quaternary glacial and interglacial climates. Along the Mediterranean coast, a considerable number of popular scientific articles have acknowledged a range of marine terraces in the form of low-relief surfaces resulting from the combined effects of tectonic uplift and eustatic sea-level fluctuations, as relevant geomorphological indicators of past sea-level high-stands. With the exception of a few recent studies on the significance of submarine depositional terraces (SDT), submerged terraced landforms have been less investigated. By integrating different marine and terrestrial datasets, our work brings together and re-examines numerous terraced landforms that typify the Cilento Promontory and its offshore region. In this area, studies since the 1960s have allowed the recognition of well-defined Middle to Upper Pleistocene marine terraces on land, while only a few studies have investigated the occurrences of late Pleistocene SDT. Furthermore, to date, no studies have consistently integrated findings. For our work, we correlated major evidence of emerged and submarine terraced landforms in order to support an improved understanding of the tectono-geomorphological evolution of the Cilento Promontory and to further clarify the geomorphological significance of submerged terraces.

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cipriano Di Maggio ◽  
Giuliana Madonia ◽  
Marco Vattano ◽  
Valerio Agnesi ◽  
Salvatore Monteleone

Abstract This paper proposes a morphoevolutionary model for western Sicily. Sicily is a chain–foredeep–foreland system still being built, with tectonic activity involving uplift which tends to create new relief. To reconstruct the morphoevolutionary model, geological, and geomorphological studies were done on the basis of field survey and aerial photographic interpretation. The collected data show large areas characterized by specific geological, geomorphological, and topographical settings with rocks, landforms, and landscapes progressively older from south to north Sicily. The achieved results display: (1) gradual emersion of new areas due to uplift, its interaction with the Quaternary glacio-eustatic oscillations of the sea level, and the following production of a flight of stair-steps of uplifted marine terraces in southern Sicily, which migrates progressively upward and inwards; in response to the uplift (2) triggering of down-cutting processes that gradually dismantle the oldest terraces; (3) competition between uplift and down-cutting processes, which is responsible for the genesis of river valleys and isolated rounded hills in central Sicily; (4) continuous deepening over time that results in the exhumation of older and more resistant rocks in northern Sicily, where the higher heights of Sicily are realized and the older forms are retained; (5) extensional tectonic event in the northern end of Sicily, that produces the collapse of large blocks drowned in the Tyrrhenian Sea and sealed by coastal-marine deposits during the Calabrian stage; (6) trigger of uplift again in the previously subsiding blocks and its interaction with coastal processes and sea level fluctuations, which produce successions of marine terraces during the Middle–Upper Pleistocene stages.


Radiocarbon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Julia Caon Araujo ◽  
Kita Chaves Damasio Macario ◽  
Vinícius Nunes Moreira ◽  
Anderson dos Santos Passos ◽  
Perla Baptista de Jesus ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT The vermetidae fossils of Petaloconchus varians, formed by calcium carbonate, associated with their radiocarbon ages, are the most accurate indicators of paleo sea level due to their restricted occupation in the intertidal zone in the rocky shore. However, the recrystallization of minerals can affect these age calculations and, consequently, the interpretation of the data. The aim of this study is to present new indicators of paleo sea-level changes in Southeast Brazil for the last 6000 years contributing to fill the data gap for the late Holocene. The influence of the recrystallization process was successfully resolved using the CarDS protocol, enabling the separation of the original aragonite fraction by density, prior to radiocarbon dating. This avoids the rejuvenation of ages and ensures greater efficiency for data interpretation. Paleo sea-level indicators were able to show a progressive increase in sea level up to the transgressive maximum of 4.15 m in 3700 BP years, followed by a regression to the current zero. This regression seems to have in addition, here we reinforce the reliability of the use of fossil vermetids as indicators of sea-level fluctuations.


2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-120
Author(s):  
Olegário Nelson Azevedo Pereira ◽  
Maria Antonieta Da Conceição Rodrigues ◽  
João Manuel Alveirinho Dias

The first studies regarding the constitution of the Araruama lagoonal system, located in the Rio de Janeiro state (SE Brazil), were carried out by Alberto Ribeiro Lamego. This author supported the thesis that it had resulted from the formation of a sand barrier (called Massambaba) due to the longitudinal transport of large quantities of sediments through coastal drift currents, and the growth of spits parallel to the shoreline. However, most recent studies largely rejected it, sustaining that the confinement of these hydric environments was the result of the growth of two sand barriers during the Pleistocene and Holocene times (120.000 to 7.000 years before present - BP) due to the sea level changes. The hypothesis that we suggest, is that both propositions are acceptable and complementary. This study aims to demonstrate that, despite the opinions on the formation of the double sand barrier, deposition of sediments by coastal drift currents at the end of the Holocene, and especially in recent chronologies, also contributed to the establishment of this lagoon system. In our opinion, the increased sediment supplies due to human activities contributed to the formation of the inner spits and the nearby sea sandbar. Its orientation was influenced by the existence of the island of Cabo Frio, that allowed the formation of the tombolo that almost connected it to the continent. Through the analysis of historical and cartographic documents related to the colonization and economic exploitation of the region, it is evident that the anthropogenic actions played a significant role in the sandy spits formation. Of these, special emphasis is placed on the agriculture and deforestation that contributed to the increase of sedimentary accumulation. This work demonstrate that the analysis of historical documents can provide information and contribute to the understanding of recent coastal developments. ResumoOs primeiros estudos sobre a constituição do sistema lagunar de Araruama, localizado no estado do Rio de Janeiro (SE Brasil), foram realizados por Alberto Ribeiro Lamego. Este autor apoiou a tese de que este sistema lagunar resultou da formação de uma barreira arenosa (denominada Massambaba) na sequência do transporte longitudinal de grandes quantidades de sedimentos através das correntes costeiras de deriva litorânea e ao crescimento de flechas arenosas paralelas à linha de costa. No entanto, estudos mais recentes, rejeitaram amplamente esta hipótese, e sugeriram que o confinamento desses ambientes lagunares resultou do crescimento de duas barreiras arenosas na sequência de mudanças no nível do mar ocorridas durante os períodos Pleistocénicos e Holocênico (120.000 a 7.000 anos antes do presente - BP). A hipótese que sugerimos é que ambas as hipóteses são aceitáveis e complementares. Este estudo tem como objetivo demonstrar que, apesar das opiniões sobre a formação da dupla barreira de areia, a deposição de sedimentos por correntes de deriva costeira no final do Holoceno, e principalmente em cronologias recentes, também contribuiu para o estabelecimento deste sistema lagunar. Em nossa opinião, o aumento do fornecimento de sedimentos devido às atividades humanas contribuiu para a formação das flechas arenosas interiores e do banco de areia exterior, próximo do mar. A sua orientação foi influenciada pela existência da ilha de Cabo Frio, que permitiu a formação do tombolo que quase a conectou ao continente.Através da análise de documentos históricos e cartográficos relacionados com a colonização e exploração econômica da região, evidencia-se que as ações antropogênicas tiveram um papel significativo na formação das flechas arenosas. De entre estas, salienta-se especialmente a agricultura e o desmatamento que contribuíram para o aumento da acumulação sedimentar. Este trabalho evidencia que a análise de documentos históricos pode fornecer informações e contribuir para a compreensão da evolução recente do litoral.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-64
Author(s):  
Oussama Abidi ◽  
Kawthar Sebei ◽  
Adnen Amiri ◽  
Haifa Boussiga ◽  
Imen Hamdi Nasr ◽  
...  

The Middle to Upper Eocene series are characterized by multiple hiatuses related to erosion, non-deposition or condensed series in the Cap Bon and Gulf of Hammamet provinces. We performed an integrated study taking advantage from surface and subsurface geology, faunal content, borehole logs, electrical well logs, vertical seismic profiles and surface seismic sections. Calibrated seismic profiles together with borehole data analysis reveal unconformities with deep erosion, pinchouts, normal faulting and basin inversion which are dated Campanian, intra-Lutetian and Priabonian compressive phases; these events were also described at the regional scale in Tunisia. Tectonics, sea level fluctuations and climate changes closely controlled the depositional process during the Middle to Upper Eocene time. The depositional environment ranges from internal to outer platform separated by an inherited paleo-high. We determine eight third order sequences characterizing the interaction between tectonic pulsations, sea level changes and the developed accommodation space within the Middle to Upper Eocene interval. We correlate the obtained results of the Cap Bon-Gulf of Hammamet provinces with the published global charts of sea-level changes and we find a good correspondence across third order cycles. Model-based 3D inversion proved to be a solution to model the lateral and vertical lithological distribution of the Middle to Upper Eocene series.


2019 ◽  
Vol 498 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Sames ◽  
M. Wagreich ◽  
C. P. Conrad ◽  
S. Iqbal

AbstractA review of short-term (<3 myr: c. 100 kyr to 2.4 myr) Cretaceous sea-level fluctuations of several tens of metres indicates recent fundamental progress in understanding the underlying mechanisms for eustasy, both in timing and in correlation. Cretaceous third- and fourth-order hothouse sea-level changes, the sequence-stratigraphic framework, are linked to Milankovitch-type climate cycles, especially the longer-period sequence-building bands of 405 kyr and 1.2 myr. In the absence of continental ice sheets during Cretaceous hothouse phases (e.g. Cenomanian–Turonian), growing evidence indicates groundwater-related sea-level cycles: (1) the existence of Milankovitch-type humid-arid climate oscillations, proven via intense humid weathering records during times of regression and sea-level lowstands; (2) missing or inverse relationships of sea-level and the marine δ18O archives, i.e. the lack of a pronounced positive excursion, cooling signal during sea-level lowstands; and (3) the anti-phase relationship of sea and lake levels, attesting to high groundwater levels and charged continental aquifers during sea-level lowstands. This substantiates the aquifer-eustasy hypothesis. Rates of aquifer-eustatic sea-level change remain hard to decipher; however, reconstructions range from a very conservative minimum estimate of 0.04 mm a−1 (longer time intervals) to 0.7 mm a−1 (shorter, probably asymmetric cycles). Remarkably, aquifer-eustasy is recognized as a significant component for the Anthropocene sea-level budget.


1999 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1617-1643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca A Stritch ◽  
Claudia J Schröder-Adams

Albian foraminiferal assemblages from three wells in northwestern (Imperial Spirit River No. 1, 12-20-78-6W6), central (AngloHome C&E Fort Augustus No. 1, 7-29-55-21W4), and southern Alberta (Amoco B1 Youngstown, 6-34-30-8W4) provide the basis to track a fluctuating sea-level history in western Canada. Two global second-order marine cycles (Kiowa - Skull Creek and Greenhorn) were punctuated by higher frequency relative sea-level cycles expressed during the time of the Moosebar-Clearwater, Hulcross, Joli Fou, and Mowry seas. A total of 34 genera and 93 subgeneric taxa are recognized in these Albian-age strata. Foraminiferal abundance and species diversity of the latest Albian Mowry Sea were higher than in the early to middle Albian Moosebar-Clearwater and Hulcross seas. The two earliest paleo-seas were shallow embayments of the Boreal Sea, and relative sea-level fluctuations caused variable marine to brackish conditions expressed in a variety of faunal assemblages. Towards the late Albian, relative sea level rose, deepening the basin and establishing increased marine conditions and more favourable habitats for foraminifera. In the deeper Joli Fou Seaway and Mowry Sea, however, reduced bottom water oxygen through stratification or stagnant circulation caused times of diminished benthic faunas. The Bluesky Formation in northwestern Alberta contains the initial transgression of the early Albian Moosebar-Clearwater Sea and is marked by a sudden faunal increase. In contrast, transgression by the late late Albian Mowry Sea was associated with a gradual increase of foraminiferal faunas. Numerous agglutinated species range throughout the entire Albian, absent only at times of basin shallowing. However, each major marine incursion throughout the Albian introduced new taxa.


2019 ◽  
Vol 498 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Gebhardt ◽  
Samuel O. Akande ◽  
Olabisi A. Adekeye

AbstractThe Benue Trough formed in close relation to the opening of the South Atlantic and experienced sea-level fluctuations of different magnitudes during the Cenomanian to Coniacian interval. We identify depositional environments from outcrop sections and a drilling as control record. Lines of evidence for the interpretation include facies analyses, foraminiferal assemblage composition (P/B-ratio) and the presence of planktonic deep-water indicators. While the analysis of the well data from the Dahomey Basin indicates a continuous deep-water (bathyal) environment, the succession in the Nkalagu area of the Lower Benue Trough evolved in a different and more complex way. Beginning with latest Cenomanian shoreface to shelf deposits, a long period of subsidence lasted until the middle Turonian when pelagic shales and calcareous turbidites were deposited at upper to middle bathyal depths. These conditions continued during late Turonian and Coniacian times. The general deepening trend of the Lower Benue Trough was mainly controlled by tectonic subsidence and was superimposed by eustatic sea-level changes, resulting in periodically changing palaeowater depths. We were able to identify eight sea-level rises and falls that can be attributed to 405 kyr eccentricity cycles. The amplitudes of the sea-level changes were most likely in the range of several tens to a few hundred metres. The deposition of carbonate turbidites at Nkalagu was probably triggered by eustatic sea-level lowstands.


2020 ◽  
Vol 157 (8) ◽  
pp. 1333-1348
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Zhong Han ◽  
Xingyue Wen ◽  
Gregory J. Retallack ◽  
Chengmin Huang

AbstractTwo upper Middle Permian palaeosols, consisting of coal and pyrite intercalated with a 20 cm thick limestone, were found near Mount Emei in the SW Sichuan Basin, China. The macro- and micromorphology and physico-chemical properties, in conjunction with the mineralogical composition of the palaeosol horizons were investigated. This type of palaeosol is common within the Permian intertidal facies of the Upper Yangtze Craton. The section reflects fluctuations within the range of 0–25 m in relative sea-level, with the depositional environment changing from shallow-marine to littoral, followed by tidal-flat to littoral, and finally to continental volcanic rocks, based on a combination of palaeopedological and carbonate microfacies analyses. Such short-term relative sea-level fluctuations in late Middle Permian times in the SW Sichuan Basin of South China are consistent with the long-term falling trend on a global scale in late Middle Permian times, and may be related to regionally variable subsidence and global cooling. The combination of coastal palaeosol and carbonate microfacies analyses is proposed as an additional tool for estimating the amplitude of sea-level changes.


2019 ◽  
Vol 498 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Wagreich ◽  
Benjamin Sames ◽  
Malcolm Hart ◽  
Ismail O. Yilmaz

AbstractThe International Geoscience Programme Project IGCP 609 addressed correlation, causes and consequences of short-term sea-level fluctuations during the Cretaceous. Processes causing several ka to several Ma (third- to fourth-order) sea-level oscillations during the Cretaceous are so far poorly understood. IGCP 609 proved the existence of sea-level cycles during potential ice sheet-free greenhouse to hothouse climate phases. These sea-level fluctuations were most probably controlled by aquifer-eustasy that is altering land-water storage owing to groundwater aquifer charge and discharge. The project investigated Cretaceous sea-level cycles in detail in order to differentiate and quantify both short- and long-term records based on orbital cyclicity. High-resolution sea-level records were correlated to the geological timescale resulting in a hierarchy of sea-level cycles in the longer Milankovitch band, especially in the 100 ka, 405 ka, 1.2 Ma and 2.4 Ma range. The relation of sea-level highs and lows to palaeoclimate events, palaeoenvironments and biota was also investigated using multiproxy studies. For a hothouse Earth such as the mid-Cretaceous, humid–arid climate cycles controlling groundwater-related sea-level change were evidenced by stable isotope data, correlation to continental lake-level records and humid–arid weathering cycles.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
François-Nicolas Krencker ◽  
Alicia Fantasia ◽  
Mohamed El Ouali ◽  
Lahcen Kabiri ◽  
Stéphane Bodin

&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Sea-level fluctuation is an important parameter controlling the sedimentation in deep-marine environments and influenced also the expansion of oxygen-depleted conditions in neritic settings during oceanic anoxic events (OAEs). Despite this fundamental role, sea-level fluctuation remains on a short timescale (&lt;1 Myr) one of the least constrained parameters for numerous OAEs. Here we refine the sequence stratigraphic framework for the uppermost Pliensbachian&amp;#8211;Toarcian with a special focus on the Toarcian OAE interval. This study is based on sedimentological and total organic carbon isotope data used to correlate 16 sections located in the central High Atlas (Morocco). Palinspastically, those sections formed a 50-kilometer proximal&amp;#8211;distal transect along the northern Gondwana continental shelf, which allow reconstructing the shoreline migration through time and space. Our sequence stratigraphic interpretation is then compared to the geochemical signals (e.g. detrital index, chemical index of alteration) measured on samples collected in deep-environment settings from numerous basins distributed worldwide. Our study shows that the relative sea-level changes recorded in Morocco can be correlated over large distances across those basins, indicating that the relative sea-level changes were driven by eustatic fluctuations. This study gives insights into the relationship between relative sea-level fluctuations and the geochemical record.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;


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