scholarly journals A Planning Tool for Optimizing Investment to Reduce Drinking Water Risk to Multiple Water Treatment Plants in Open Catchments

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 531
Author(s):  
Chris Thompson ◽  
Morag Stewart ◽  
Nick Marsh ◽  
Viet Phung ◽  
Thomas Lynn
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Weather Extremes ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Sediment Loads

Supplying safe, secure, and reliable drinking water is a growing challenge particularly in regions where catchments have diverse land uses, rapidly growing populations, and are subject to increasing weather extremes such as in the subtropics. Catchments represent the first barrier in providing ecosystem services for water quality protection and bulkwater suppliers are therefore investing in mitigation measures to reduce risk to drinking water quality for consumers. This paper presents an approach to combine data on erosion processes, pathogenic bacteria and protozoa from several sources, determine the highest risks from these hazards and identify an optimum portfolio of intervention activities that provide maximum risk reduction at water treatment plants (WTP) for a given budget using a simulated annealing optimizer. The approach is demonstrated in a catchment with six WTPs servicing small rural to urban populations. The catchment is predominantly used for agriculture. Results show that drinking water risk from protozoa can be reduced for most WTPs for moderate investment budget, while bacteria risk reduction requires significantly larger budget due to the greater number of significant source sites relative to protozoa. Total suspended sediment loads remain a very high risk to most of the WTPs due to the large extent of channel and gully erosion and landslides. A map of priority areas and associated suite of interventions are produced to guide on groundwork.

scholarly journals Long-Term Drinking Water Quality Assessment Using Index and Multivariate Statistical Analysis for Three Water Treatment Plants of Erbil City, Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Hayder Mohammed Issa ◽  
Reem Ahmed Alrwai
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

Safe source of drinking water is always considered as an essential factor in water supply for cities and urban areas. As a part of this issue, drinking water quality is monitored via a useful scheme: developing drinking water quality index DWQI. DWQI is preferably used as it summarizes the whole physicochemical and bacteriological properties of a drinking water sample into a single and simple term. In this study, an evaluation was made for three drinking water treatment plants DWTPs named: Efraz 1, Efraz 2 and Efraz 3 that supply drinking water to Erbil City. The assessment was made by testing thirteen physicochemical and two bacteriological parameters during a long period of (2003 – 2017). It has been found that turbidity, electrical conductivity EC, total alkalinity, total hardness, total coliform and fecal coliform have more influence on drinking water quality. DWQI results showed that the quality of drinking water supplied by the three DWTPs in Erbil City fallen within good level. Except various occasional periods where the quality was varying from good to fair. The quality of the drinking water supply never reached the level of marginal or poor over the time investigated. The applied hierarchical clustering analysis HCA classifies the drinking water dataset into three major clusters, reflecting diverse sources of the physicochemical and bacteriological parameter: natural, agriculture and urban discharges.

Objectives for optimization and consequences for operation, design and concept of drinking water treatment plants

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. C. van der Helm ◽  
L. C. Rietveld ◽  
Th. G. J. Bosklopper ◽  
J. W. N. M. Kappelhof ◽  
J. C. van Dijk
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Regeneration Frequency ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

Optimization for operation of drinking water treatment plants should focus on water quality and not on environmental impact or costs. Using improvement of water quality as objective for optimization can lead to new views on operation, design and concept of drinking water treatment plants. This is illustrated for ozonation in combination with biological activated carbon (BAC) filtration at drinking water treatment plant Weesperkarspel of Waternet, the water cycle company for Amsterdam and surrounding areas. The water quality parameters that are taken into account are assimilable organic carbon (AOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and pathogens. The operational parameters that are taken into account are the ozone dosage and the regeneration frequency of the BAC filters. It is concluded that ozone dosage and regeneration frequency should be reduced in combination with application of newly developed insights in design of ozone installations. It is also concluded that a new concept for Weesperkarspel with an additional ion exchange (IEX) step for natural organic matter (NOM) removal will contribute to the improvement of the disinfection capacity of ozonation and the biological stability of the produced drinking water.

scholarly journals Selection of a bioassay battery to assess toxicity in the affluents and effluents of three water-treatment plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Bohórquez-Echeverry ◽  
Marcela Duarte-Castañeda ◽  
Nubia León-López ◽  
Fabián Caicedo-Carrascal ◽  
Myriam Vásquez-Vásquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Pseudokirchneriella Subcapitata ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

<strong>Objective</strong>. The assessment of water quality includes the analysis of both physical-chemical and microbiological parameters. However, none of these evaluates the biological effect that can be generated in ecosystems or humans. In order to define the most suitable organisms to evaluate the toxicity in the affluent and effluent of three drinking-water treatment plants, five acute toxicity bioassays were used, incorporating three taxonomic groups of the food chain. <strong>Materials and methods</strong>. The bioassays used were Daphnia magna and Hydra attenuata as animal models, Lactuca sativa and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata as plant models, and Photobacterium leioghnathi as bacterial model. To meet this objective, selection criteria of the organisms evaluated and cluster analysis were used to identify the most sensitive in the affluent and effluent of each plant. <strong>Results</strong>. All organisms are potentially useful in the assessment of water quality by meeting four essential requirements and 17 desirable requirements equivalent to 100% acceptability, except P. leioghnathi which does not meet two essential requirements that are the IC50 for the toxic reference and the confidence interval. The animal, plant and bacterial models showed different levels of sensitivity at the entrance and exit of the water treatment systems. <strong>Conclusions</strong>. H. attenuata, P. subcapitata and P. leioghnathi were the most effective organisms in detecting toxicity levels in the affluents and D. magna, P. subcapitata and P. leioghnathi in the effluents.<br /><strong>Key words</strong>: bioassays, cluster analysis, drinking water, raw water, toxicity.

scholarly journals Combination of low-pressure UF membranes with conventional water treatment systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-591
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Membrane Systems ◽  
System Combination ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Uf Membranes

The purpose of the study was to improve drinking water quality of conventional treatment processes by combining with UF-membrane systems. Performances of two membrane systems were evaluated in two different full-scale conventional water treatment plants in Istanbul. Low-pressure UF membranes were combined after settling and filtration units of Büyükçekmece and Emirli water treatment plants. Low-pressure UF systems were operated under vacuum and pressure conditions. The experimental results indicated that combining UF systems enhanced drinking water quality with respect to turbidity, TOC and UV254 removal. In all cases, vacuum-driven UF membranes provided higher treatment performance and low energy consumption comparing to pressure-driven system. Combination with UF membranes also reduced disinfection by-products.

Analysis of adenoviruses and polyomaviruses quantified by qPCR as indicators of water quality in source and drinking-water treatment plants

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 2011-2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nestor Albinana-Gimenez ◽  
Marize P. Miagostovich ◽  
Byron Calgua ◽  
Josep M. Huguet ◽  
Lleonard Matia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plants
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document