scholarly journals Evaluating the Impacts of Future Urban Expansion on Surface Runoff in an Alpine Basin by Coupling the LUSD-Urban and SCS-CN Models

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3405
Author(s):  
Zihang Fang ◽  
Shixiong Song ◽  
Chunyang He ◽  
Zhifeng Liu ◽  
Tao Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Land Use Scenario ◽  
The Future ◽  
Scs Cn

Effective evaluations of the future urban expansion impacts (UEI) on surface runoff in alpine basins are full of challenges due to the lack of reliable methods. Our objective was to provide a new approach by coupling the Land Use Scenario Dynamics-urban (LUSD-urban) and Soil Conservation Service-Curve Number (SCS-CN) models to estimate the future UEI on surface runoff. Taking the Qinghaihu-Huangshui basin (QHB) in the Tibetan Plateau, China, as an example, we first applied the SCS-CN model to quantify the surface runoff in 2000 and 2018 and analyzed the changes in surface runoff. Next, we applied the LUSD-urban model to simulate urban expansion under five localized shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) from 2018 to 2050. Finally, we assessed the UEI on surface runoff in the QHB from 2018 to 2050. We found that coupling the LUSD-urban and SCS-CN models could effectually evaluate the future UEI on surface runoff. Compared with the combination of the Future Land Use Simulation (FLUS) and SCS-CN models, our method reduced the absolute evaluation errors from 3.40% and 11.78% to 0.18% and 4.23%, respectively. In addition, the results showed that future urban expansion will have severe impacts on surface runoff in the valley region. For example, as a result of urban expansion, the surface runoff in the Huangzhong, Xining, and Datong catchments will increase by 4.90–9.01%, 4.25–7.36%, and 2.33–3.95%, respectively. Therefore, we believe that the coupled model can be utilized to evaluate the future UEI on surface runoff in alpine basins. In addition, the local government should pay attention to flood risk prevention, especially in the valley region, and adopt reasonable urban planning with soft and hard adaptation measures to promote the sustainable development of alpine basins under rapid urban expansion.

scholarly journals RUNOFF TREND AND POTENTIALITY IN MELAKA TENGAH CATCHMENT OF MALAYSIA USING SCS-CN AND STATISTICAL TECHNIQUE

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharif Moniruzzaman SHIRAZI ◽  
MD Ibrahim ADHAM ◽  
Faridah OTHMAN ◽  
Noorul Hasan ZARDARI ◽  
Zubaidah ISMAIL
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Statistical Technique ◽  
Land Use Pattern ◽  
Surface Water Resources ◽  
Total Runoff ◽  
Use Pattern ◽  
Scs Cn

This study is focused to identify the surface runoff trends and potentiality of the five watersheds transforming the discrete runoff pattern to smooth patterns. Runoff potentiality was analyzed by Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) technique. Considering Hydrologic Soil Group (HSG) and percentage of particular land use pattern, weighted cns of five watersheds were found between 82 and 85. Monthly surface runoff trends were investigated by statistical autocorrelation, Mann-Kendall, Sen slope and lowess methods. According to the Mann-Kendall method, no statistical significant monotonic trends were found for all the watersheds. Smoothing curve analysis reveals that the monthly mean runoff is 30 mm, 34 mm, 39 mm, 28 mm and 37 mm and the percentage of runoff is 23%, 25%, 31%, 25% and 26% for the watersheds 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. Degree of effect of several land use pattern with corresponding soil type was analyzed to assess the total runoff volume for contributing to the surface water resources. Result shows that 26% of the rainwater contributes to the surface runoff of Melaka Tengah catchment and provides the information for planning of surface water management and potentiality of groundwater recharge.

scholarly journals Estimation of Surface Water Runoff for a Semi-Arid Area Using RS and GIS-Based SCS-CN Method

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein Al-Ghobari ◽  
Ahmed Dewidar ◽  
Abed Alataway
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Rs And Gis ◽  
Scs Cn

The proper planning of storage structures, waterways, irrigation schemes, water harvesting, erosion control structures, and groundwater development strategies requires accurate estimation of surface runoff. However, hydrologists in Saudi Arabia face serious challenges, specifically due to the rare availability of surface runoff data. In this study, the soil conservation service-curve number (SCS-CN) method integrated with geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) was utilized to estimate the surface runoff in Wadi-Uranah basin, in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Different thematic maps such as slope, hydrologic soil group (HSG), land use/land cover (LULC), and daily rainfall have been created in GIS environment and processed to generate the curve number (CN) and surface runoff maps. Based on the soil classification results, the study area was categorized into two HSGs (B and C). The dominant HSG was group C, representing about 98.8% of the total area. The LULC analysis showed four main land use types in the study region: urban, rocks, barren soil, and agricultural areas. Furthermore, the finding results showed that CN values for the normal conditions (CNII) ranged between 74 and 93 in agricultural and both urban and rock areas, respectively. The CNII values were further corrected using slope data to derive slope-adjusted CNII. Moreover, the rainfall-runoff results showed an increase in the daily runoff of the study region with a minimum of 15 mm to a maximum of 74 mm. Another interesting result was rainfall-runoff linear regression analysis that showed a good correlation of 0.98. Additionally, the peak runoff hydrograph flows for 10-, 50-, and 100-year return periods obtained from the SCS-based dimensionless unit hydrograph were 828, 1353, and 1603 m3/s, respectively. Therefore, this study highlights that the SCS-CN method integrated with RS and GIS deserves further attention for estimating runoff of ungauged basins for better basins management and conservation purposes.

scholarly journals Surface Runoff Responses to Suburban Growth: An Integration of Remote Sensing, GIS, and Curve Number

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 452
Author(s):  
Khurshid Jahan ◽  
Soni M. Pradhanang ◽  
Md Abul Ehsan Bhuiyan
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Scs Cn

Suburban growth and its impacts on surface runoff were investigated using the soil conservation service curve number (SCS-CN) model, compared with the integrated advanced remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS)-based integrated approach, over South Kingston, Rhode Island, USA. This study analyzed and employed the supervised classification method on four Landsat images from 1994, 2004, 2014, and 2020 to detect land-use pattern changes through remote sensing applications. Results showed that 68.6% urban land expansion was reported from 1994 to 2020 in this suburban area. After land-use change detection, a GIS-based SCS-CN model was developed to examine suburban growth and surface runoff estimation. The developed model demonstrated the spatial distribution of runoff for each of the studied years. The results showed an increasing spatial pattern of 2% to 10% of runoff from 1994 to 2020. The correlation between runoff co-efficient and rainfall indicated the significant impact of suburban growth in surface runoff over the last 36 years in South Kingstown, RI, USA, showing a slight change of forest (8.2% area of the total area) and agricultural land (4.8% area of the total area). Suburban growth began after 2000, and within 16 years this land-use change started to show its substantial impact on surface runoff. We concluded that the proposed integrated approach could classify land-use and land cover information to understand suburban growth and its potential impact on the area.

scholarly journals Study on Surface Runoff Estimation for Puzhal Lake Using GIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.10) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
T Subramani ◽  
S Sasikala
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Environmental Condition ◽  
Environment Change ◽  
Geographic Data ◽  
Composite Curve ◽  
Scs Cn

To make greater in grow in land use/cover have lead to environment change in Puzhal Lake and flooding in under areas. environmental condition and the utilization of apparatus for cultivating in the zone are causing issues of soil degradation. Runoff is one in every of most vital hydrological factors that are utilized as a part of numerous common works, anticipating ideal utilization of supplies, sorting out waterways and cautioning flood. Appropriate to the spatial and transient fluctuation of the variables associated with surface runoff, the use of a displaying plan in a GIS ecological gives a productive way to deal with decide zones of concern. Three surface runoff models were connected including: the record strategy, SCS bend number technique, a semi physical way to deal with evaluate the dissemination of surface runoff. The customary SCS-CN strategy for computing the composite curve number devours a noteworthy part of the hydrologic displaying time. Hence, geographic data frameworks (GIS) are presently being utilized as a part of mix with the SCS-CN technique.  

scholarly journals Surface Runoff Estimation Of Sind River Basin Using SCS-CN Method And GIS Technology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abanish Sharma ◽  
Shruti Kanga
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Scs Cn

Abstract Rainfall and runoff are significant hydrologic component in the water resources assessment. Rainfall is the primary source of recharge into the ground water. Understanding of rainfall and runoff is necessary for assessment of water availability. The runoff generation procedure is extremely complex. Accurate runoff assessment is carried out for useful management and improvement of water resources. Many methods are available to estimate runoff from rainfall; however, the SCS-CN method still remains the most popular, fruitful and frequently used method. Runoff curve number (CN) is a key factor of the SCS-CN method and it is depends on land use/land cover (LULC), soil type, and antecedent soil moisture (AMC). Different parameters, like land use/land cover, hydrological soil characteristics (HSG), rainfall data (P), Potential Maximum Retention (S), Antecedent Moisture Condition (AMC), Weighted Curve Number (CN), that are the mandatory inputs to SCS model, have been either derived from remote sensing data or from conventional data collection systems. The advance application of Remote Sensing and GIS techniques used to estimate surface runoff based on different parameters. The total area of present study is 26207.02 km2 of Sind River Basin, located in the northern part of Madhya Pradesh, India. The daily rainfall data of 23 weather stations (2005-2014) was collected and used to predict the daily runoff from the Sind river basin using SCS-CN method and GIS technique for the duration of 2005-2014, annual average of daily rainfall are 777.07 mm and annual average of daily runoff calculated for Sind river basin are 133.71 mm. The developed rainfall–runoff model has been used to understand the characteristics of the watershed and its runoff.

scholarly journals Micro reservoirs and runoff in the Itaim basin in Taubaté, SP, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Eduardo Rodrigues dos Santos ◽  
Marcelo Dos Santos Targa ◽  
Paulo Sergio dos Santos ◽  
Vicente Rodolfo Santos Cezar ◽  
Celso De Souza Catelani
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Return Period ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Hydraulic Systems ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Effective Precipitation ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Urban Consolidation

 Urbanization of the watersheds in developing countries is generally accelerated and disorderly. The urbanization process generates soil impermeability, which impedes the infiltration of rainwater, accelerating surface runoff to favor accumulation of water at the lowest points, causing flooding. The construction of micro reservoirs for rainwater storage and infiltration within residential areas can minimize flood problems. In the present study, the effective precipitation and its reduction in the Itaim stream basin in the city of Taubaté, SP, were estimated by usage of 3400 and 6800 liters micro reservoirs to capture water on 125 m² roofs in different soil occupations, according to the Law 412/2017 of the Master Plan of Municipal Physics of Taubate (PDFMT). Effective precipitation was estimated using the curve number (CN) method, while variation in land use and occupation considered the land area in accordance with current legislation, with urban expansion at 50 and 100% over the macrozone rural, as well as 100% urban consolidation. The results showed that surface runoff (Pe) in the Itaim basin increases with the expansion of the urban area, as well as urban consolidation. The use of micro reservoirs considerably reduces runoff volumes. The micro reservoir, with a storage volume of 3400 liters, made it possible to restrict the flow promoted by rain of up to 25 years of return period, simulating the urban expansion of 50% over the rural area, while the reservoir with 6800 liters in capacity contains rain of up to 200 years return period for the same simulation condition. Although this type of structure was not considered in the municipal land use and occupation law, this study demonstrates that the use of hydraulic systems or elements with potential to reduce runoff can be an important means to ensure the sustainability of urbanization. of watersheds with planned stormwater disposal.

scholarly journals Impact of Land Use Change Due to Urbanisation on Surface Runoff Using GIS-Based SCS–CN Method: A Case Study of Xiamen City, China

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 839
Author(s):  
Sabita Shrestha ◽  
Shenghui Cui ◽  
Lilai Xu ◽  
Lihong Wang ◽  
Bikram Manandhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scs Cn

Rapid urban development results in visible changes in land use due to increase in impervious surfaces from human construction and decrease in pervious areas. Urbanisation influences the hydrological cycle of an area, resulting in less infiltration, higher flood peak, and surface runoff. This study analysed the impact of land use change due to urbanisation on surface runoff, using the geographic information system (GIS)-based soil conservation service curve number (SCS–CN) method, during the period of rapid urban development from 1980 to 2015 in Xiamen, located in south-eastern China. Land use change was analysed from the data obtained by classifying Landsat images from 1980, 1990, 2005, and 2015. Results indicated that farmland decreased the most by 14.01%, while built-up areas increased the most by 15.7%, from 1980 to 2015. Surface runoff was simulated using the GIS-based SCS–CN method for the rainfall return periods of 5, 10, 20, and 50 years. The spatial and temporal variation of runoff was obtained for each land use period. Results indicate that the increase in surface runoff was highest in the period of 1990–2005, with an increase of 10.63%. The effect of urbanisation can be realised from the amount of runoff, contributed by built-up land use type in the study area, that increased from 14.2% to 27.9% with the rise of urban expansion from 1980 to 2015. The relationship between land use and surface runoff showed that the rapid increase in constructed land has significantly influenced the surface runoff of the area. Therefore, the introduction of nature-based solutions such as green infrastructure could be a potential solution for runoff mitigation and reducing urban flood risks in the context of increasing urbanization.

scholarly journals Integrating GIS-Based MCDA Techniques and the SCS-CN Method for Identifying Potential Zones for Rainwater Harvesting in a Semi-Arid Area

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 704
Author(s):  
Hussein Al-Ghobari ◽  
Ahmed Z. Dewidar
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Thematic Layers ◽  
Scs Cn

An increasing scarcity of water, as well as rapid global climate change, requires more effective water conservation alternatives. One promising alternative is rainwater harvesting (RWH). Nevertheless, the evaluation of RWH potential together with the selection of appropriate sites for RWH structures is significantly difficult for the water managers. This study deals with this difficulty by identifying RWH potential areas and sites for RWH structures utilizing geospatial and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) techniques. The conventional data and remote sensing data were employed to set up needed thematic layers using ArcGIS software. The soil conservation service curve number (SCS-CN) method was used to determine surface runoff, centered on which yearly runoff potential map was produced in the ArcGIS environment. Thematic layers such as drainage density, slope, land use/cover, and runoff were allotted appropriate weights to produced RWH potential areas and zones appropriate for RWH structures maps of the study location. Results analysis revealed that the outcomes of the spatial allocation of yearly surface runoff depth ranging from 83 to 295 mm. Moreover, RWH potential areas results showed that the study areas can be categorized into three RWH potential areas: (a) low suitability, (b) medium suitability, and (c) high suitability. Nearly 40% of the watershed zone falls within medium and high suitability RWH potential areas. It is deduced that the integrated MCDA and geospatial techniques provide a valuable and formidable resource for the strategizing of RWH within the study zones.

scholarly journals Current and Future Land Use Characters of a National Central City in Eco-Fragile Region—A Case Study in Xi’an City Based on FLUS Model

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 286
Author(s):  
Dingrao Feng ◽  
Wenkai Bao ◽  
Meichen Fu ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Yiyu Sun
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Pattern Change ◽  
Land Use Dynamics ◽  
The Future ◽  
Xi’An City

Land use change plays a key role in terrestrial systems and drives the process of ecological pattern change. It is important to investigate the process of land use change, predict land use patterns, and reveal the characteristics of land use dynamics. In this study, we adopted the Markov model and future land use (FLUS) model to predict the future land use conditions in Xi’an city. Furthermore, we investigated the characteristics of land use change from a novel perspective, i.e., via establishment of a complex network model. This model captured the characteristics of the land use system during different periods. The results indicated that urban expansion and cropland loss played an important role in land use pattern change. The future gravity center of urban development moved along the opposite direction to that from 2000 to 2015 in Xi’an city. Although the rate of urban expansion declined in the future, urban expansion remained the primary driver of land use change. The primary urban development directions were east-southeast (ENE), north-northeast (NNE) and west-southwest (WSW) from 1990 to 2000, 2000 to 2015, and 2015 to 2030, respectively. In fact, cropland played a vital role in land use dynamics regarding all land use types, and the stability of the land use system decreased in the future. Our study provides future land use patterns and a novel perspective to better understand land use change.

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