scholarly journals Integrating GIS-Based MCDA Techniques and the SCS-CN Method for Identifying Potential Zones for Rainwater Harvesting in a Semi-Arid Area

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 704
Author(s):  
Hussein Al-Ghobari ◽  
Ahmed Z. Dewidar
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Thematic Layers ◽  
Scs Cn

An increasing scarcity of water, as well as rapid global climate change, requires more effective water conservation alternatives. One promising alternative is rainwater harvesting (RWH). Nevertheless, the evaluation of RWH potential together with the selection of appropriate sites for RWH structures is significantly difficult for the water managers. This study deals with this difficulty by identifying RWH potential areas and sites for RWH structures utilizing geospatial and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) techniques. The conventional data and remote sensing data were employed to set up needed thematic layers using ArcGIS software. The soil conservation service curve number (SCS-CN) method was used to determine surface runoff, centered on which yearly runoff potential map was produced in the ArcGIS environment. Thematic layers such as drainage density, slope, land use/cover, and runoff were allotted appropriate weights to produced RWH potential areas and zones appropriate for RWH structures maps of the study location. Results analysis revealed that the outcomes of the spatial allocation of yearly surface runoff depth ranging from 83 to 295 mm. Moreover, RWH potential areas results showed that the study areas can be categorized into three RWH potential areas: (a) low suitability, (b) medium suitability, and (c) high suitability. Nearly 40% of the watershed zone falls within medium and high suitability RWH potential areas. It is deduced that the integrated MCDA and geospatial techniques provide a valuable and formidable resource for the strategizing of RWH within the study zones.

scholarly journals Rainwater Harvesting for Agricultural Irrigation: An Analysis of Global Research

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Velasco-Muñoz ◽  
Aznar-Sánchez ◽  
Batlles-delaFuente ◽  
Fidelibus
Keyword(s):  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Agricultural Irrigation ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Scarce Water ◽  
Global Research

Within a context of scarce water resources for agriculture, rainwater harvesting constitutes a promising alternative that has been studied by different disciplines in recent years. This article analyses the dynamics of global research on rainwater harvesting for agricultural irrigation over the last two decades. To do this, qualitative systematic analysis and quantitative bibliometric analysis have been carried out. The results reveal that this line of research is becoming increasingly important within research on irrigation. Environmental sciences and agricultural and biological sciences are the most relevant subject areas. Agricultural Water Management, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, and Irrigation and Drainage are the journals that have published the most articles on the subject. India, China, the United States (USA), South Africa, and the Netherlands are the countries that lead this line of research. Although significant progress has been made in this subject area, it is necessary to increase the number of studies on the capacity of rainwater harvesting systems to cover irrigation needs in different farming contexts, the factors that determine their adoption by farmers, the economic and financial feasibility of their implementation, and their contribution to mitigating global climate change.

scholarly journals Model of Soil and Water Conservation Measures Application based on District Spatial Planning in Mamasa Watershed, South Sulawesi

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Sri Malahayati Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Watershed Management ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Alley Cropping ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Runoff Coefficient ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Scenarios Simulation

Depletion of watershed carrying capacity cannot be omitted from mismanagement of the watershed. The integration between SWAT model and remote sensing data are able to identify, assess, and evaluate watershed problem as well as a tool to apply the mitigation of the problem. The aim of this study was to arrange the scenario of watershed management, and decide the best recommendation of sustainable watershed management of Mamasa Sub Watershed. The best recommendation was decided by hydrology parameters, e.i. surface runoff, sediment, and runoff coefficient. Hydrology characteristics of Mamasa Sub Watershed was analyzed based on land use data of year 2012 and climate data for period of 2010-2012. The scenarios were  application of bunch and mulch in slope 1-15%; bunch terrace (scenario 1), mulch and strip grass in slope 15-25% (scenario 2), alley cropping in slope 25-40% (scenario 3), and combination scenario 1, 2, 3 with agroforestry in slope > 40% (scenario4). Surface runoff value of Mamasa Sub Watershed is 581.35 mm, while lateral flow, groundwater flow, runoff coefficient, and sediment yield of 640.72 mm, 228.17 mm, 0.29, and 187.213 ton/ha respectively. Based on the scenarios simulation, the fourth scenario was able to reduce surface runoff and sediment yield of 33.441% and of 51.213%, while the runoff coefficient declined to 0.194. Thereby, the fourth scenario is recommended to be applied in Mamasa Sub Watershed so that the sustainability in the watershed can be achieved.

Assessment of surface runoff depth changes in Sǎrǎţel River basin, Romania using GIS techniques

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Costache Romulus ◽  
Fontanine Iulia ◽  
Corodescu Ema
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Average Annual Rainfall ◽  
Runoff Depth ◽  
Gis Environment ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Scs Cn

AbstractSǎrǎţel River basin, which is located in Curvature Subcarpahian area, has been facing an obvious increase in frequency of hydrological risk phenomena, associated with torrential events, during the last years. This trend is highly related to the increase in frequency of the extreme climatic phenomena and to the land use changes. The present study is aimed to highlight the spatial and quantitative changes occurred in surface runoff depth in Sǎrǎţel catchment, between 1990–2006. This purpose was reached by estimating the surface runoff depth assignable to the average annual rainfall, by means of SCS-CN method, which was integrated into the GIS environment through the ArcCN-Runoff extension, for ArcGIS 10.1. In order to compute the surface runoff depth, by CN method, the land cover and the hydrological soil classes were introduced as vector (polygon data), while the curve number and the average annual rainfall were introduced as tables. After spatially modeling the surface runoff depth for the two years, the 1990 raster dataset was subtracted from the 2006 raster dataset, in order to highlight the changes in surface runoff depth.

scholarly journals ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF URBANIZATION ON DIRECT RUNOFF IN DISTRICT 8, HO CHI MINH CITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-156
Author(s):  
Van Minh NGUYEN ◽  
Elena Yurievna ZAYKOVA
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Soil Conservation Service ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
Service Curve ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scs Cn

Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) is among the cities that are most at risk of fl ooding worldwide. Urbanization processes have led to a change in land use, which in turn has resulted in an increase in impervious surfaces and runoff , thus again leading to the risk of fl ooding in the city. The aim of the article is to study the impact of urban development (on the example of District 8 of HCMC) on surface runoff using a combination of the interpretation of remote sensing images of the earth (ERS) Google Earth and the SCS-CN model (the Soil Conservation Service curve number). Theoretical models are used to analyze the relationship between the typology of buildings and areas of open and impervious surfaces. The interpretation of remote sensing images was carried out in the ArcGIS program. The method used to calculate surface runoff is the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method developed by the US Soil Conservation Service and is suitable for assessing the eff ects of land-use/land cover change due to urbanization. The results of the study show the volume of surface runoff in areas with diff erent levels of urbanization in district 8 of HCMC, assessing the impact of urbanization processes on surface runoff and revealing new opportunities for managing this process. The combination of remote sensing interpretation and SCS-CN model makes it possible to assess the impact of urban development on surface runoff . Urbanization and an increase in built-up area strongly aff ect fl ooding, reducing the soil retention.

scholarly journals RUNOFF TREND AND POTENTIALITY IN MELAKA TENGAH CATCHMENT OF MALAYSIA USING SCS-CN AND STATISTICAL TECHNIQUE

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharif Moniruzzaman SHIRAZI ◽  
MD Ibrahim ADHAM ◽  
Faridah OTHMAN ◽  
Noorul Hasan ZARDARI ◽  
Zubaidah ISMAIL
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Statistical Technique ◽  
Land Use Pattern ◽  
Surface Water Resources ◽  
Total Runoff ◽  
Use Pattern ◽  
Scs Cn

This study is focused to identify the surface runoff trends and potentiality of the five watersheds transforming the discrete runoff pattern to smooth patterns. Runoff potentiality was analyzed by Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) technique. Considering Hydrologic Soil Group (HSG) and percentage of particular land use pattern, weighted cns of five watersheds were found between 82 and 85. Monthly surface runoff trends were investigated by statistical autocorrelation, Mann-Kendall, Sen slope and lowess methods. According to the Mann-Kendall method, no statistical significant monotonic trends were found for all the watersheds. Smoothing curve analysis reveals that the monthly mean runoff is 30 mm, 34 mm, 39 mm, 28 mm and 37 mm and the percentage of runoff is 23%, 25%, 31%, 25% and 26% for the watersheds 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. Degree of effect of several land use pattern with corresponding soil type was analyzed to assess the total runoff volume for contributing to the surface water resources. Result shows that 26% of the rainwater contributes to the surface runoff of Melaka Tengah catchment and provides the information for planning of surface water management and potentiality of groundwater recharge.

scholarly journals Determination of Watershed Characteristics and Curve Number (CN) for Ponnaniyaru Dam Catchment Area

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.12) ◽  
pp. 558
Author(s):  
Selvakumar R ◽  
Nasir N ◽  
Suribabu C R
Keyword(s):  
Catchment Area ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Significant Parameter ◽  
Present Case Study ◽  
Scs Cn ◽  
Hydrologic Conditions ◽  
Selection Of

In SCS-CN method, curve number is significant parameter in estimating runoff from the catchment of the reservoir or inflow to the reservoir. As this curve number is function of several parameters like hydrological soil group, LULC, land treatment, hydrologic conditions and AMC, the selection of CN for prediction of inflow to the lake or reservoir is considered as a crucial in the hydrological studies. LULC, micro-watershed, drainage density, and catchment slope are obtained using spatial analysis and also SCS Curve Number value for Ponnaniyaru dam catchment area is derived from the LULC data. Further, CN value is evaluated from actual rainfall data and runoff volume collected at the reservoir. The study reveals the significant variation of CN value among each event. The present case study highlights the sensitiveness of CN value in the computation of runoff from the watershed. Keywords: Curve number, LULC, AMC, drainage density. 

scholarly journals Integrating WaTEM/SEDEM model and GIS-based FAHP Method for Identifying Ecological Rainwater Harvesting Sites in Ziz upper watershed, SE Morocco

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Manaouch ◽  
Sadiki Mohamed ◽  
Fenjiro Imad
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Thematic Layers ◽  
Ecological Sites ◽  
Gis Tools ◽  
Suitability Map ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Abstract Moroccan southeast areas have limited water ressources, vulnerable to climate change and characterized by a significant spatio-temporal variability. In response, to ensure the availability of water for local comunity, it is advised to develop some alternatives that improve the local water resources management throughout these areas. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) has been used widely as an alternative technique towards water scaricity. However, taking into account socio-economic constraints for identifying ecological sites for RWH remains a complex task for water managers. The present study was conducted using WaTEM/SEDEM model, GIS techniques and Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) method to identify important ecological RWH sites. For this purpose, several data sources were employed to generate needful thematic layers. The soil conservation service curve number (SCS-CN) method was utilized for preparing a yearly runoff potential map. Then, the thematic layers were weighted for generating RWH suitability map. The results show that yearly surface runoff ranges from 136 to 500 mm. Moreover, the spatial distribution map of soil erosion of WaTEM/SEDEM shows that Ziz upper watershed can be classed into four classes: (i) slight (very suitable), (ii) moderate (suitable), (iii) high (less suitable) and (iv) severe (not suitable). Aproximatly 76.1% of the study area falls within slight soil erosion class. The GIS tools were used for generating the important ecological RWH suitability map. The GIS’s intersect tool was used to eliminate insuitable soil erosion classes and the buffer tool was used for integrating the socio-economic factors including the distance from residential areas and agriculltural fields. Prediction accuracy of the resultant map of RWH suitability showed the value of the area under the curve (AUC) equal to 59.6% for FAHP method in this study. Ecological RWH map, mainly, introduced western areas and some central parts of Ziz upper watershed as suitable RWH areas. The present study demonstrated that coupling WaTEM/SEDEM model with FAHP method and GIS tools provide a valuable approach for identifying the ecological RWH sites in large semi-arid areas.

scholarly journals Computation of Runoff by SCS-CN Method from micro watersheds of Urmodi basin in Maharashtra state using RS and GIS

Agropedology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.B. Nandgude ◽  
◽  
G.S. Jadhav ◽  
S.S. Shinde ◽  
D.M. Mahale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
Daily Rainfall Data

Flood is a natural or manmade phenomenon and timely and accurate forecasting of flood is very important. However forecasting of flood is a difficult task due to influence of rainfall-runoff process which depends on various factors. Estimation of surface runoff in a watershed is based on the rate of precipitation and discharge at the outlet. In this study, runoff from micro watersheds of Urmodi basin in Maharashtra state was computed by Soil Conservation Service-Curve Number method using remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. Various thematic maps such as soil map, land use/land cover, stream order, slope etc. were prepared using remote sensing and GIS. Daily rainfall data was used for determining runoff. Antecedent moisture conditions were determined from daily rainfall data and for different CNs with the help of combined land use land cover and hydrologic soil group map in GIS environment. Results showed that the highest runoff for Bharatgaon and Nagthane micro watersheds was 46.20 mm and 54 mm respectively. Total runoff depth for the year 2014 was computed as 215.05 mm for Bharatgaon micro watershed and 277.68 mm for Nagthane micro watershed. Different soil and water conservation measures and water harvesting structures were recommended to control soil erosion and to harness the surface runoff.

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