scholarly journals Enhancing Water Literacy through an Innovative Television Series Focused on Wai Maoli: Hawai’i Fresh Water Initiative

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3247
Author(s):  
Kanesa Duncan Seraphin
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Tv Viewing ◽  
Black Water ◽  
Long Form ◽  
Water Recharge ◽  
Educational Videos ◽  
Water Literacy ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Interest And Motivation

This study examined the ability of four 30-min television (TV) episodes to affect viewers’ understanding of, and engagement in, fresh water recharge, conservation, and reuse. We used questionnaires to examine changes in viewers’ perceived understanding, interest, and motivation after watching episodes at in-person screenings during September 2019 (average 27.5 attendees and 19.5 respondents per episode screening). In general, perception of skills and engagement increased after viewing the episode, and viewers reported a willingness to take action themselves as well as to pledge support for the use of public funds in water-related actions. However, viewers were less swayed on topics such as the “ickiness” of recycled water and on policies that allow black water recycling. At the final screening of the series, we also investigated preference for in-depth content versus a synoptic episode via structured focus groups. With a high degree of consensus, focus group participants felt that topics were better presented in episodes with more in-depth content. These results support the use of long-form, content-rich educational videos to teach water science and increase motivation. In combination with TV viewing metrics, our study thus supports the use of TV as an effective medium for reaching a broad demographic. However, our findings also imply that changing viewers’ perceptions on controversial water-use topics requires additional consideration to support the construction of new beliefs, water literacy, and citizen engagement.

Field evidence of biodegradation of N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in groundwater with incidental and active recycled water recharge

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 793-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quanlin Zhou ◽  
Sally McCraven ◽  
Julio Garcia ◽  
Monica Gasca ◽  
Theodore A. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recycled Water ◽  
Field Evidence ◽  
Water Recharge

Preliminary Observations on the Ionic Regulation of the Arctic Char Salvelinus Alpinus

1971 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-222
Author(s):  
R. A. ROBERTS
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Total Sodium

1. The degree of euryhalinity in a fresh-water resident population of the arctic char, Salvelinus alpinus, has been determined. 2. Although isolated in fresh water for c. 10000-12000 years these fish still show a high degree of salinity tolerance characteristic of their ancestral stock, but this is variably developed in individuals. 3. In fresh water, blood sodium concentration is regulated at 150 mM/l and chloride at 130 mM/l. These increase to 233 and 218 mm/l respectively in sea water. 4. Fish in sea water show a large increase in muscle sodium, although the potassium concentration is only slightly higher than that maintained in fresh water. The total sodium content of the fish reflects the increase observed in the intracellular and extracellular compartments. 5. The rate of sodium turnover in sea-water-adapted fish is some ten times higher than in fresh-water-adapted fish, although it is significantly lower than that observed in most sea-water-adapted teleosts.

Maximizing Recycled Water Recharge in the Chino Groundwater Basin, California

2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 (12) ◽  
pp. 1361-1374
Author(s):  
Andy Campbell ◽  
Chris Berch ◽  
Patrick Sheilds
Keyword(s):  
Recycled Water ◽  
Water Recharge ◽  
Groundwater Basin

Analysis on the Technological Advantages of Domestic Seawater

2015 ◽  
Vol 737 ◽  
pp. 692-695
Author(s):  
Shu Xun Wang ◽  
Ying Xia Miao ◽  
Jian An Hao ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Yu Shan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Toilet Flushing

The principle of domestic seawater technology is to replace fresh water by seawater. This paper introduces the features and demonstration scale of domestic seawater technology. Considering the successful seawater toilet-flushing in Hong Kong, comparison and economic analysis on the cases of seawater, recycled water and tap water are done. The result shows domestic seawater technology is an economical and efficient water saving technology.

scholarly journals HYDROGEOCHEMICAL CONDITION OF THE PIKROLIMNI LAKE (KILKIS GREECE)

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
E. Dotsika ◽  
Y. Maniatis ◽  
E. Tzavidopoulos ◽  
D. Poutoukis ◽  
K. Albanakis
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Analytical Scheme ◽  
Hydrochemical Data ◽  
High Degree

In order to understand the hydrogeochemical conditions of the basin of Pikrolimni we collected water samples from the borehole in the thermal spa of Pikrolimni and samples of brine and sediments from the lake. We also sampled fresh water of the region. The depth of the borehole in the thermal spa is approximately 250 meters. This water is naturally sparkling, with a metallic aftertaste and a slight organic smell. The samples were taken twice during the year: in summer (8/2002) and in winter (2003). The analytical scheme includes field measurements of temperature, conductivity and pH. Major ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2\ CI", Br, S04 2", C03 2", HC03", N03"), F and Br were determined, in laboratory, according to standard analytical methods. Samples were also subjected to isotopie analysis of δ Ο and δ2Η. The results from the chemical analyses of the samples, show that the waters taken from the borehole, are of the type Mg- (Na-Ca)-HCC>3 and the salts of the lake are of the type Na-CI- (CO3-S04). The salts of the lake result from mixing and condensation of the waters which are accumulated in the basin of the lake, and come not only from sources that feed the lake, e.g. waters from borehole, but also from rain water. The waters of these sources are mainly of meteoritic origin and circulate deeply, mixing probably with salt water of deeper and probably of warmer horizons. The latter comes in agreement with the hydrothermal field, which exists in the area. From hydrochemical data, the brines of summer clearly correspond to waters, which have been submitted under high degree of evaporation: they are residual mother solutions before the step of the precipitation of halite. During winter, dilution of brines and dissolution of depositing minerals by fresh water are observed. On the other hand, evaporating conditions are created in the lake during summer.

Use of Water in Adriatic Coastal Tourist Sites

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 175-183
Author(s):  
S. Tedeschi
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Coastal Sea ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Regional Water

Fresh water is in short supply in the Yugoslav coastal area and especially so on the islands. The use of fresh water for regional water supply systems is comparatively expensive and it is used for purposes which do not demand high quality water. An analysis of the water consumption in tourist areas suggests that the peak consumption could be lowered by 23 to 37,5 percent, thus saving about 32,2 percent of the total annual water mass. This equals about 70 percent of the total one-day flow of the Yugoslav rivers into the Adriatic. Recycled water can be used for agricultural purposes and for aquaculture, which makes it possible to use the nutrients from waste water and to lower the quantity of waste matter in the coastal sea.

Availability of nitrogen and phosphorus under recycled water irrigation

Soil Research ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 653 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sakadevan ◽  
B. L. Maheshwari ◽  
H. J. Bavor
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Land Application ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Water Treatments

Land application of recycled water is currently practised in many countries as an alternative to discharge directly into inland and coastal waters. In this field study, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability in pasture plots that received recycled water was compared with that of plots which received single applications of superphosphate fertiliser (SSP). The treatments included recycled water applied continuously, recycled water applied alternately with fresh water, single application of SSP at the beginning of the experiment, and a non-amended control. Results from the study showed that the amount of N and P removed by pasture was significantly (P < 0.01) greater in plots that received both recycled water treatments than in the SSP-treated plot and the control. The amount of N (as nitrate and ammonium) leached below 1.0 m soil depth was significantly greater (P < 0.01) for the continuous recycled water treatment than the other treatments or the control. Nitrate was the dominant (>80%) form of N leached from all 4 treatments. In contrast to the findings for N, a greater proportion of applied P (47.9%) was leached below 1.0 m soil depth from the SSP-treated plots than from plots that received recycled water continuously (26.0%), alternately with fresh water (13.3%), and the control. Results from the study may be useful for developing best management practices for recycled water irrigation of pasture.

scholarly journals Consumer Perceptions of Landscape Plant Production Water Sources and Uses in the Landscape during Perceived and Real Drought

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda Knuth ◽  
Bridget K. Behe ◽  
Charles R. Hall ◽  
Patricia Huddleston ◽  
R. Thomas Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Utility Score ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
World Population ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Woody Perennials ◽  
Landscape Plants

Water is becoming scarcer as world population increases and will be allocated among competing uses. Some of that water will go toward sustaining human life, but some will be needed to install and support landscape plants. Thus, future water resource availability may literally change the American landscape. Recent research suggests that consumers’ attitudes and behavior toward potable water supplies have changed in other countries because of greater social awareness and increasingly widespread exposure to drought conditions. We conducted an online survey of 1543 U.S. consumers to assess their perceptions about landscape plants, the water source used to produce them, and plant water needs to become established in the landscape. Using two separate conjoint designs, we assessed their perceptions of both herbaceous and woody perennials. Consumers placed greater relative importance on water source in production over water use in the landscape for both herbaceous and woody perennials included in this study. They preferred (had a higher utility score for) fresh water over recycled water and least preferred a blend of fresh with recycled water for perennials and recycled water used for woody perennial production. In addition, the group that did not perceive a drought but experienced one placed a higher value (higher utility score) on nursery plants grown with fresh water compared with those which were actually not in drought and did not perceive one. Educational and promotional efforts may improve the perception of recycled water to increase the utility of that resource. Promoting the benefits of low water use plants in the landscape may also facilitate plant sales in times of adequate and low water periods.

Plasma Chloride and Sodium, and Chloride Space in the European Eel, Anguilla Anguilla L

1972 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-131
Author(s):  
R. KIRSCH
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
The Body ◽  
European Eel ◽  
Plasma Chloride ◽  
Sea Water Adaptation ◽  
Sodium Regulation ◽  
High Degree

1. New intra-vascular cannulation techniques are described, and also an extra-corporal blood circuit containing an artificial heart and a counting cell. This makes possible a continuous study of the radioactivity of the blood. 2. Plasma chloride concentration varies greatly in fresh-water eels despite good sodium regulation. 3. The fresh-water to sea-water adaptation of eels is frequently accompanied by a temporary hypermineralization of the internal medium. This necessitates a high degree of cellular euryhalinity. 4. The sea-water-adapted eel maintains strict homeostasis of its plasma chloride and sodium. 5. The chloride distribution space decreases by 10% when eels are transferred from fresh water to sea water. The internal distribution of chloride is also modified and its fluxes between the ion compartments of the body are considerably increased.

Microsurgical Management of Blister-Type Basilar Artery Apex Region Aneurysms: Companion Cases Demonstrate Technical Nuances of the Subtemporal Approach: 2-Dimensional Operative Video

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian M Howard ◽  
Daniel L Barrow
Keyword(s):  
Basilar Artery ◽  
Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Subtemporal Approach ◽  
School Of Medicine ◽  
Surgeon Experience ◽  
Emory University ◽  
Skull Base Approach ◽  
Educational Videos ◽  
Intraoperative Rupture ◽  
High Degree

Abstract The proportion of intracranial aneurysms treated by microsurgical clip ligation has drastically decreased in the endovascular era. However, some aneurysms cannot be treated by current endovascular techniques. Therefore, trainees and young vascular neurosurgeons must develop and maintain microsurgical skills to safely treat aneurysms that require surgery. Ruptured, basilar artery apex, blister-type aneurysms are particularly treacherous and require a high degree of skill to safely manage them surgically. In this video, 2 companion cases are exhibited to demonstrate the nuances of the subtemporal, skull base, approach to the basilar apex region. In each case, the patient consented to surgery and anonymized recording. The subtemporal approach is favored over the trans-sylvian for posteriorly directed basilar apex region aneurysms as the former affords a complete view of the relevant anatomy. Points for consideration include variations on the standard subtemporal approach, use of retractors vs lumbar drainage to mobilize the temporal lobe, and splitting the tentorium vs a suture-retraction technique for visualization of the basilar artery apex region. Techniques for successful navigation of intraoperative rupture are demonstrated. As the number of intracranial aneurysms treated by microsurgery continues to ebb, high-quality educational videos that supplement surgeon experience will become increasingly critical to ensure that a cohort of capable microvascular neurosurgeons is prepared to tackle challenging, but manageable aneurysms, such as the blister-type basilar apex variety. Video (c) Emory University School of Medicine, 2021. Used with permission.

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