scholarly journals Characterizing the Interception Capacity of Floor Litter with Rainfall Simulation Experiments

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3145
Author(s):  
Qiwen Li ◽  
Ye Eun Lee ◽  
Sangjun Im
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Rainfall Interception ◽  
Quercus Acutissima ◽  
Pinus Rigida ◽  
Rainfall Characteristics ◽  
Physical Features ◽  
Retention And Drainage

Floor litter can reduce the amount of water reaching the soil layer through rainfall interception. The rainfall interception capacity of floor litter varies with the physical features of the litter and rainfall characteristics. This study aimed to define the maximum and minimum interception storages (Cmx, Cmn) of litter layers using rainfall simulation experiments, and examine the effects of litter type and rainfall characteristics on rainfall retention and drainage processes that occur in the litter layer. Different types of needle-leaf and broadleaf litters were used: Abies holophylla, Pinus strobus, Pinus rigida, Quercus acutissima, Quercus variabilis, and Sorbus alnifolia. Our results indicate a wide variation in interception storage values of needle leaf litter, regardless of the rainfall intensity and duration. The A. holophylla needle-leaf litter showed the highest Cmx and Cmn values owing to its short length and low porosity. Conversely, the lowest interception storage values were determined for the P. strobus needle leaf litter. No significant differences in interception storage were established for the broadleaf litter. Moreover, except for A. holophylla litter, the broadleaf litter retained more water than the needle leaf litter. An increase in the intensity or duration of rainfall events leads to an increase in the water retention storage of litter. However, these factors do not influence the litter’s drainage capacity, which depends primarily on the force of gravity.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Splash Erosion Devices for Rainfall Simulation Experiments: A Laboratory Study

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Fernández-Raga ◽  
Julián Campo ◽  
Jesús Rodrigo-Comino ◽  
Saskia D. Keesstra
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Erosion Process ◽  
Rain Intensity ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Rainfall Characteristics ◽  
Splash Erosion ◽  
Simulated Rain ◽  
Set Up

For the study of soil erosion it is important to set up the experiments well. In the experimental design one of the key factors is the choice of the measurement device. This is especially important when one part of the erosion process needs to be isolated, such as for splash erosion. Therefore, the main aim of this research is to list the general characteristics of the commonly used splash erosion devices and to discuss the performance, to be able to relate them, and make suggestions regarding their use. The devices we selected for this comparative comparison were: the splash cup, funnel, Morgan tray, Tübingen cup, tower, and the gutter. The devices were tested under the same conditions (rainfall characteristics, slope, and soil type) to assess their hydrological response under different intensities of simulated rainfall. All devices were installed on a sloping plot (10°) with sandy soil, and were exposed to 10 min. of simulated rain with intensities ranging from 60 to 172 mm/h to measure the splashed sediment, and to describe problems and differences among them. The results showed that the Tübingen cup was the best performing device to measure kinetic energy of the rain, but, because of its design, it is not possible to measure the detached splashed sediment under natural (field) conditions. On the other hand, the funnel device showed a significant relation with rain intensity because it loses little sediment to washing. In addition, the device is easy to use and cheap. Therefore, this device is highly recommended to estimated splash erosion. to the good performance measuring the actual splash erosion, because it loses little sediment by washing. The device is also cheap and easy to install and manage.

scholarly journals Influence of gravel mulch on rainfall interception under simulated rainfall

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 115-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Qiu ◽  
Z. Xie ◽  
Y. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Northwestern China ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Exponential Functions ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Rainfall Interception ◽  
Gravel Size ◽  
Gravel Mulch

To understand the hydrological outcomes of interception by gravel mulches, rainfall simulation experiments were conducted in the loess regions of northwestern China. The rainfall interception decreased with gravel size but increased with the thickness of the gravel mulch layer, following two exponential functions. Interception was 15.1% of the gross rainfall at 1 cm thickness, followed by 17.2, 20.9, 30.5 and 45.6 % at 3, 5, 7 and 10 cm thickness, respectively. For the equivalent gravel grain size of 3.43 mm, relative interception was 45.6%, which was about 1.1, 1.2, 1.4 and 2.3 times higher than that for the equivalent grain size of 11.01, 19.31, 32.8 and 43.72 mm, respectively.

scholarly journals Straw mulch as a sustainable solution to decrease runoff and erosion in glyphosate-treated clementine plantations in Eastern Spain. An assessment using rainfall simulation experiments

CATENA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D. Keesstra ◽  
J. Rodrigo-Comino ◽  
A. Novara ◽  
A. Giménez-Morera ◽  
M. Pulido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Straw Mulch

Rainfall simulation experiments as a tool for process research in soil science, hydrology, and geomorphology

2021 ◽  
pp. 395-418
Author(s):  
Petr Kavka ◽  
Martin Neumann ◽  
Tomáš Dostál ◽  
David Zumr ◽  
Tomáš Laburda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Research ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Simulation Experiments

Scale Effects of Sediment-Related Transport of Phosphorus

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 473-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Bolton ◽  
T. J. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Sediment Load ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Phosphorus Transport ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Stream Type

Sediment and nutrient data from USGS gauged stream sites in New Mexico and from rainfall simulation experiments were compiled and analyzed. Above a suspended sediment concentration of about 500 mg/l, associated concentrations of total phosphorus are highest in overland flow and then progressively decrease from agricultural drains to ephemeral washes to undammed rivers. Within a stream type, sediment-related concentrations of total phosphorus typically differed between larger and smaller basins. Small rivers had higher phosphorus transport per unit of sediment load than larger rivers. Small and medium sized washes had different relationships between phosphorus and sediment than did large and very large washes.

Rainfall interception by tree crown and leaf litter: An interactive process

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (20) ◽  
pp. 3533-3542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Li ◽  
Qingfu Xiao ◽  
Jianzhi Niu ◽  
Salli Dymond ◽  
E. Gregory McPherson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Tree Crown ◽  
Rainfall Interception ◽  
Interactive Process

Rainfall simulation experiments indicate that biochar addition enhances erosion of loess‐derived soils

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (18) ◽  
pp. 2272-2286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengbao Zhang ◽  
Chihua Huang ◽  
Mingyi Yang ◽  
Jiaqiong Zhang ◽  
Weiyu Shi
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Simulation Experiments
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