Rainfall interception by tree crown and leaf litter: An interactive process

Xiang Li; Qingfu Xiao; Jianzhi Niu; Salli Dymond; E. Gregory McPherson; Natalie van Doorn; Xinxiao Yu; Baoyuan Xie; Kebin Zhang; Jiao Li

doi:10.1002/hyp.11275

Characterizing the Interception Capacity of Floor Litter with Rainfall Simulation Experiments

Water ◽

10.3390/w12113145 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 3145

Author(s):

Qiwen Li ◽

Ye Eun Lee ◽

Sangjun Im

Keyword(s):

Leaf Litter ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Rainfall Simulation ◽

Simulation Experiments ◽

Rainfall Interception ◽

Quercus Acutissima ◽

Pinus Rigida ◽

Rainfall Characteristics ◽

Physical Features ◽

Retention And Drainage

Floor litter can reduce the amount of water reaching the soil layer through rainfall interception. The rainfall interception capacity of floor litter varies with the physical features of the litter and rainfall characteristics. This study aimed to define the maximum and minimum interception storages (Cmx, Cmn) of litter layers using rainfall simulation experiments, and examine the effects of litter type and rainfall characteristics on rainfall retention and drainage processes that occur in the litter layer. Different types of needle-leaf and broadleaf litters were used: Abies holophylla, Pinus strobus, Pinus rigida, Quercus acutissima, Quercus variabilis, and Sorbus alnifolia. Our results indicate a wide variation in interception storage values of needle leaf litter, regardless of the rainfall intensity and duration. The A. holophylla needle-leaf litter showed the highest Cmx and Cmn values owing to its short length and low porosity. Conversely, the lowest interception storage values were determined for the P. strobus needle leaf litter. No significant differences in interception storage were established for the broadleaf litter. Moreover, except for A. holophylla litter, the broadleaf litter retained more water than the needle leaf litter. An increase in the intensity or duration of rainfall events leads to an increase in the water retention storage of litter. However, these factors do not influence the litter’s drainage capacity, which depends primarily on the force of gravity.

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Implicit memory for new associations: An interactive process approach.

Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition ◽

10.1037/0278-7393.17.6.1105 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 1105-1123 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Angela Micco ◽

Michael E. Masson

Keyword(s):

Implicit Memory ◽

Process Approach ◽

Interactive Process ◽

New Associations

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Interactive multiobjective DEA target setting using lexicographic DDF

RAIRO - Operations Research ◽

10.1051/ro/2019105 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 54 (6) ◽

pp. 1703-1722 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Narges Soltani ◽

Sebastián Lozano

Keyword(s):

Efficient Frontier ◽

Directional Distance Function ◽

Fixed Number ◽

Optimization Approach ◽

Target Setting ◽

Interactive Process ◽

Decision Making Unit ◽

Setting Approach ◽

Promising Area ◽

Current Region

In this paper, a new interactive multiobjective target setting approach based on lexicographic directional distance function (DDF) method is proposed. Lexicographic DDF computes efficient targets along a specified directional vector. The interactive multiobjective optimization approach consists in several iteration cycles in each of which the Decision Making Unit (DMU) is presented a fixed number of efficient targets computed corresponding to different directional vectors. If the DMU finds one of them promising, the directional vectors tried in the next iteration are generated close to the promising one, thus focusing the exploration of the efficient frontier on the promising area. In any iteration the DMU may choose to finish the exploration of the current region and restart the process to probe a new region. The interactive process ends when the DMU finds its most preferred solution (MPS).

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PENDIDIKAN BERBASIS BUDAYA (Presfektif Pemikiran H.A.R. Tilaar)

JURNAL PENDIDIKAN GLASSER ◽

10.32529/glasser.v1i1.7 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

AGUNG KURNIAWAN DJIBRAN

Keyword(s):

Content Analysis ◽

Text Book ◽

Interactive Process ◽

National Education ◽

Teachers And Students ◽

The Government ◽

Education Culture ◽

Education Opportunity ◽

Education Concept ◽

Education Process

AbstractH.A.R. Tilaar emphasizes to the importance of education based on culture, because education is process of culture. Therefore, between the education and culture has been greatly relation, because the education is not able to be separated from culture that has reflected and grown up dynamically in Indonesian society.The purpose of this research is to determine how the education based on culture according to H.A.R. Tilaar’s perspective. The object of this research was H.A.R. Tilaar’s Perspective which concerns to the education based on culture.The approach of this research was literature review. The source of the data were a text book written by H.A.R. Tilaar and other literatures related to this research. The technique of analyzing data were the content analysis of the text book written by H.A.R. Tilaar and other literatures.The result of this research are : (a) H.A.R. Tilaar conceptualizes the education as an culturing processes; (b) the education process is an culturing process through the interactive process between teachers and students; (c) it is necessary to the Government of Indonesia to correct the National education concept by proposing several aspects such as ; (1) the basic value of education; (2) to notice the function of sociological education; (3) the relation between culture and education; (4) the education as The Agent ofChange, and (5) to get the equalization of education opportunity; and (d) to grow up the creative and adaptive thinking toward education phenomenawhich always move dynamically in the environment of the Indonesian community which has its complexity.Keyword: Education, Culture.

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