scholarly journals Evaluation and Comparison of Daily GPM/TRMM Precipitation Products over the Tianshan Mountains in China

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3088
Author(s):  
Yin Zhang ◽  
Gulimire Hanati ◽  
Sulitan Danierhan ◽  
Qianqian Liu ◽  
Zhiyuan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽  
Tianshan Mountains ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Rainfall Rate ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Seasonal Precipitation ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The North ◽  
Trmm 3B42 ◽  
Better Than

Based on the complex topography and climate conditions over the Tianshan Mountains (TSM) in Xinjiang, China, the new precipitation product, the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) (IMERG), and its predecessor, the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3B42 (TMPA), were evaluated and compared. The evaluation was based on daily-scale data from April 2014 to March 2015 and analyses at annual, seasonal and daily scales were performed. The results indicated that, overall, the annual precipitation in the Tianshan area tends to be greater in the north than in the south and greater in the west than in the east. Compared with the ground reference dataset, GPM and TRMM datasets represent the spatial variation of annual and seasonal precipitation over the TSM well; however, both measurements underestimate the annual precipitation. Seasonal analysis found that the spatial variability of seasonal precipitation has been underestimated. For the daily assessment, the coefficient of variation (CV), correlation coefficient (R) and relative bias (RB) were calculated. It was found that the GPM and TRMM data underestimated the larger CV. The TRMM data performed better on the daily variability of precipitation in the TSM. The R and RB data indicate that the performance of GPM is generally better than that of TRMM. The R value of GPM is generally greater than that of TRMM, and the RB value is closer to 0, indicating that it is closer to the measured value. As for the ability to detect precipitation events, the GPM products have significantly improved the probability of detection (POD) (POD values are all above 0.8, the highest is 0.979, increased by nearly 17%), and the critical success index (CSI) (increased by nearly 9% in the TSM) is also better than TRMM, although it is only slightly weaker than TRMM in terms of the false alarm ratio (FAR) and frequency bias index (FBI). Overall, GPM underestimates the low rainfall rate by 6.4% and high rainfall rate by 22.8% and overestimates middle rain rates by 29.1%. However, GPM is better than TRMM in capturing all types of rainfall events. Based on these results, GPM-IMERG presents significant improvement over its predecessor TRMM 3B42. Considering the performance of GPM in different subregions, a lot of work still needs to be done to improve the performance of the satellite before being used for research.

scholarly journals Contribution of TRMM 3B42 Data to Improve Knowledge on Rainfall in the Kayanga/Geba River Basin (Republic of Guinea, Senegal and GuineaBissau)

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 260
Author(s):  
Saly Sambou ◽  
Honore Dacosta ◽  
Abdoulaye Deme ◽  
Ibrahima Diouf
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Statistical Study ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Rainfall Gradient ◽  
Republic Of Guinea ◽  
The North ◽  
Average Monthly Rainfall ◽  
Trmm 3B42

The use of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data is an option for counteracting challenge of the lack of ground based observations, particularly in Kayanga/Gêba. This paper undertakes validation of monthly TRMM rainfall estimates before using it to understand the spatial and temporal variability in the Basin. This validation based on application of statistical study, made it possible to obtain interesting results with correlation coefficients varying from 0.92 to 0.96 and Nash indices close to 1. The analysis of the seasonal rainfall pattern shows consistence with ground based observations. The study of the annual cycle reveals that their interannual variability is similar to that of ground based observations. Finally, the interpolation of average monthly rainfall in the basin highlights the NorthSouth rainfall gradient, which shows that the South is wetter than the North, with differences more pronounced in August and September.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Hydrological Application of CMADS against TRMM 3B42V7, PERSIANN-CDR, NCEP-CFSR, and Gauge-Based Datasets in Xiang River Basin of China

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xichao Gao ◽  
Qian Zhu ◽  
Zhiyong Yang ◽  
Hao Wang
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Bayesian Model Averaging ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Model Averaging ◽  
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Xiang River ◽  
Better Than

Satellite-based and reanalysis precipitation products provide a practical way to overcome the shortage of gauge precipitation data because of their high spatial and temporal resolution. This study compared two reanalysis precipitation datasets (the China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model (CMADS), the National Centers for Environment Prediction Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (NCEP-CFSR)) and two satellite-based datasets (the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission 3B42 Version 7 (3B42V7) and the Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks–Climate Data Record (PERSIANN-CDR)) with observed precipitation in the Xiang River basin in China at two spatial (grids and the whole basin) and two temporal (daily and monthly) scales. These datasets were then used as inputs to a SWAT model to evaluate their usefulness in hydrological prediction. Bayesian model averaging was used to discriminate dataset performance. The results show that: (1) for daily timesteps, correlations between reanalysis datasets and gauge observations are >0.55, better than satellite-based datasets; The bias values of satellite-based datasets are <10% at most evaluated grid locations and for the whole baseline. PERSIANN-CDR cannot detect the spatial distribution of rainfall events; the probability of detection (POD) of PERSIANN-CDR at most evaluated grids is <0.50; (2) CMADS and 3B42V7 are better than PERSIANN-CDR and NCEP-CFSR in most situations in terms of correlation with gauge observations; satellite-based datasets are better than reanalysis datasets in terms of bias; and (3) CMADS and 3B42V7 simulate streamflow well for both daily (The Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient (NS) > 0.70) and monthly (NS > 0.80) timesteps; NCEP-CFSR is worst because it substantially overestimates streamflow; PERSIANN-CDR is not good because of its low NS (0.40) during the validation period.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Version 5 (V05) of Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG) over the Tianshan Mountains of China

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Yang ◽  
Zhongqin Li ◽  
Muhammad Naveed Anjum ◽  
Yayu Gao
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
Tianshan Mountains ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Precipitation Measurement ◽  
Satellite Retrievals ◽  
Precipitation Estimates ◽  
Global Precipitation Measurement ◽  
Global Precipitation ◽  
Better Than

This study evaluated the performance of the Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG) version 5 (V05) Early-run and Final-run (IMERG-E and IMERG-F, respectively) products over the Tianshan Mountains. For comparison, the accuracies of two Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) products (3B42RT and 3B42V7) were also analyzed. Performance of the satellite-based precipitation products (SPPs) was analyzed at daily to annual scales from April 2014 to October 2017. Results showed that: (1) IMERG-F and 3B42V7 performed better than IMERG-E and 3B42RT in the characterization of spatiotemporal variability of precipitation; (2) Precipitation estimates from IMERG-F were in the best overall agreement with the gauge-based data, followed by IMERG-E and 3B42V7 on all temporal scales; (3) IMERG-E and 3B42RT products were failed to provide accurate precipitation amounts, whereas IMERG-F and 3B42V7 were able to provide accurate precipitation estimates with the lowest relative biases (4.98% and −1.71%, respectively) and RMSE (0.58 mm/day and 0.76 mm/day, respectively); (4) The enhancement from the IMERG Early-run to the Final-run to capture the moderate to heavy precipitation events was not evident; (5) On seasonal scale, IMEGR-F performed better than all other SPPs, particularly during the spring season with negligible bias (0.28%). It was deduced that IMERG-F was capable of replacing TRMM products.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Evaluation of GPM-IMERG, CMORPH, and TMPA Precipitation Products with Gauged Rainfall over Mainland China

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanghua Wei ◽  
Haishen Lü ◽  
Wade T. Crow ◽  
Yonghua Zhu ◽  
Jianqun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Seasonal Scale ◽  
Categorical Verification ◽  
Annual Scale ◽  
Verification Techniques ◽  
Trmm 3B42

The comprehensive assessment of the Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for the Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG) V05B is important for benchmarking the product’s continued improvement and future development. The performance of IMERG V05B precipitation products was systematically evaluated using 542 precipitation gauges at multiple spatiotemporal scales from March 2014 to February 2017 over China. Moreover, IMERG V05B was compared with IMERG V04A, the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3B42, and the Climate Prediction Center Morphing technique (CMORPH)-CRT in this study. Categorical verification techniques and statistical methods are used to quantify their performance. Results illustrate the following. (1) Except for IMERG V04A’s severe underestimation over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and Xinjiang (XJ) with high negative relative biases (RBs) and CMORPH-CRT’s overestimation over XJ with high positive RB, the four satellite-based precipitation products generally capture the same spatial patterns of precipitation over China. (2) At the annual scale over China, the IMERG products do not show an advantage over its predecessor (TRMM 3B42) in terms of RMSEs, RRMSEs, and Rs; meanwhile, the performance of IMERG products is worse than TRMM 3B42 in spring and summer according to the RMSE, RRMSE, and R metrics. Between the two IMERG products, IMERG V05B shows the anticipated improvement (over IMERG V04A) with a decrease in RMSE from 0.4496 to 0.4097 mm/day, a decrease of RRMSE from 16.95% to 15.44%, and an increase of R from 0.9689 to 0.9759 during the whole study period. Similar results are obtained at the seasonal scale. Among the four satellite products, CMORPH-CRT shows the worst seasonal performance with the highest RMSE (0.6247 mm/day), RRMSE (23.55%), and lowest R (0.9343) over China. (3) Over XJ and TP, IMERG V05B clearly improves the strong underestimation of precipitation in IMERG V04A with the RBs of 5.2% vs. −21.8% over XJ, and 2.78% vs. −46% over TP. Results at the annual scale are similar to those obtained at the seasonal scale, except for summer results over XJ. While, over the remaining subregions, the two IMERG products have a close performance; meanwhile, IMERG V04A slightly improves IMERG V05B’s overestimation according to RBs (except for HN) at the annual scale. However, all four products are unreliable over XJ at both an annual and seasonal scale. (4) Across all products, TRMM 3B42 best reproduces the probability density function (PDF) of daily precipitation intensity. (5) According to the categorical verification technique in this study, both IMERG products yield better results for the detection of precipitation events on the basis of probability of detection (POD) and critical success index (CSI) categorical evaluations compared to TRMM 3B42 and CMORPH-CRT over China and across most of the subregions. However, all four products have room for further improvement, especially in high-latitude and dry climate regions. These findings provide valuable feedback for both IMERG algorithm developers and data set users.

scholarly journals Diurnal Variation of Seasonal Precipitation over the CONUS: A Comparison of Gauge Observations with TRMM Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Liming Zhu ◽  
Yu Zhao ◽  
Xiaoping Rui ◽  
Qingwei Wei
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽  
Precipitation Event ◽  
Periodic Signal ◽  
Seasonal Precipitation ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Precipitation Gauge ◽  
Trmm 3B42 ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Diurnal variation of precipitation is a fundamental periodic signal of local climate. Comprehensive study of diurnal variation of precipitation is helpful in studying the formation of local climate and validating satellite precipitation products. In this study, a comparison is drawn between precipitation gauge observations and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3B42 data on diurnal variation of precipitation. First, using the K-means clustering algorithm, stations with gauge observations and pixels with TRMM data are divided into different groups according to the diurnal variation of precipitation, respectively. In each group, the stations have similar diurnal variation of precipitation. Then maps of diurnal variation of precipitation for gauge observations and TRMM data are obtained. According to these maps, the diurnal variation of precipitation over the contiguous United States (CONUS) presents seasonal variability in both gauge observations and TRMM data. In addition, the diurnal variation of precipitation shows clustered features in space. However, the spatial patterns of the obtained maps do not match, and the TRMM satellite data perform poorly in capturing the hourly precipitation event. Finally, the possible mechanism behind the prevailing nocturnal precipitation over the middle of the CONUS is discussed, with the prevailing nocturnal precipitation judged likely to be strongly related to the mountain-plains solenoid (MPS) circulation.

Current Status of Anserinae Wintering in Azov-Black Sea Region of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-312
Author(s):  
Yu. O. Andryushchenko ◽  
V. S. Gavrilenko ◽  
V. A. Kostiushyn ◽  
V. N. Kucherenko ◽  
A. S. Mezinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Anser Anser ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Chen Caerulescens ◽  
Branta Bernicla ◽  
The North ◽  
Different Seasons

Abstract In the article is analyzed own field data of the authors and scientific publications on the wintering of Anserinae in the Azov-Black Sea region of Ukraine in 1900–2017, but the main data was obtained in frame of international mid-winter counts (IWC) in 2005–2017. It was found that 9 species of Anserinae occur in this region during the different seasons of the year: Anser anser — nesting, wintering and migrating; Rufibrenta ruficollis, A. albifrons, A. erythropus, A. fabalis — migrating and wintering; Branta canadensis, Branta leucopsis, Branta bernicla, Chen caerulescens — vagrant or birds which flew away from captivity (zoo etc.). Eulabeia indica — is possible vagrant species. The most numerous wintering species is A. albifrons, common — Rufibrenta ruficollis, not numerous — Anser anser, the other species are not met annually and registered in a very small number. There was almost tenfold drop in number of wintering geese in the Azov-Black Sea region of Ukraine during the period of counts. The main reasons of such reducing of geese amount are the followwing: weather and climate conditions, changes in the forage acessibility, hunting and poaching pressure, poisoning as a result of deratization of agricultural lands, and from 2014 — the militarization of the Syvash area and stop of water supplying of Crimea through the North Crimean channell. It is likely that the factors mentioned above led to relocating of wintering areas of Anserinae, and resulted in decreasing of their amount in this region.

scholarly journals Cross Validation of Rainfall Characteristics Estimated from the TRMM PR, a Combined PR–TMI Algorithm, and a C-POL Ground Radar during the Passage of Tropical Cyclone and Nontropical Cyclone Events over Darwin, Australia

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 2339-2358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Deo ◽  
S. Joseph Munchak ◽  
Kevin J. E. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽  
Rainfall Rate ◽  
Rainfall Characteristics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Median Volume ◽  
Precipitation Type ◽  
Correct Direction ◽  
Microwave Imager ◽  
Trmm Microwave Imager

AbstractThis study cross validates the radar reflectivity Z; the rainfall drop size distribution parameter (median volume diameter Do); and the rainfall rate R estimated from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite Precipitation Radar (PR), a combined PR and TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) algorithm (COM), and a C-band dual-polarized ground radar (GR) for TRMM overpasses during the passage of tropical cyclone (TC) and non-TC events over Darwin, Australia. Two overpass events during the passage of TC Carlos and 11 non-TC overpass events are used in this study, and the GR is taken as the reference. It is shown that the correspondence is dependent on the precipitation type whereby events with more (less) stratiform rainfall usually have a positive (negative) bias in the reflectivity and the rainfall rate, whereas in the Do the bias is generally positive but small (large). The COM reflectivity estimates are similar to the PR, but it has a smaller bias in the Do for most of the greater stratiform events. This suggests that combining the TMI with the PR adjusts the Do toward the “correct” direction if the GR is taken as the reference. Moreover, the association between the TRMM estimates and the GR for the two TC events, which are highly stratiform in nature, is similar to that observed for the highly stratiform non-TC events (there is no significant difference), but it differs considerably from that observed for the majority of the highly convective non-TC events.

scholarly journals Agriculture and land use in the North of Russia: Case study of Karelia and Yakutia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1497-1511
Author(s):  
Alexey Naumov ◽  
Varvara Akimova ◽  
Daria Sidorova ◽  
Mikhail Topnikov
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The North ◽  
The Republic

AbstractDespite harsh climate, agriculture on the northern margins of Russia still remains the backbone of food security. Historically, in both regions studied in this article – the Republic of Karelia and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) – agricultural activities as dairy farming and even cropping were well adapted to local conditions including traditional activities such as horse breeding typical for Yakutia. Using three different sources of information – official statistics, expert interviews, and field observations – allowed us to draw a conclusion that there are both similarities and differences in agricultural development and land use of these two studied regions. The differences arise from agro-climate conditions, settlement history, specialization, and spatial pattern of economy. In both regions, farming is concentrated within the areas with most suitable natural conditions. Yet, even there, agricultural land use is shrinking, especially in Karelia. Both regions are prone to being affected by seasonality, but vary in the degree of its influence. Geographical location plays special role, and weaknesses caused by remoteness to some extent become advantage as in Yakutia. Proximity effect is controversial. In Karelia, impact of neighboring Finland is insignificant compared with the nearby second Russian city – Saint Petersburg.

scholarly journals Establishment of Regional Phytoremediation Buffer Systems for Ecological Restoration in the Great Lakes Basin, USA. I. Genotype × Environment Interactions

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald S. Zalesny ◽  
Andrej Pilipović ◽  
Elizabeth R. Rogers ◽  
Joel G. Burken ◽  
Richard A. Hallett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Great Lakes Basin ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The North ◽  
Local Soil

Poplar remediation systems are ideal for reducing runoff, cleaning groundwater, and delivering ecosystem services to the North American Great Lakes and globally. We used phyto-recurrent selection (PRS) to establish sixteen phytoremediation buffer systems (phyto buffers) (buffer groups: 2017 × 6; 2018 × 5; 2019 × 5) throughout the Lake Superior and Lake Michigan watersheds comprised of twelve PRS-selected clones each year. We tested for differences in genotypes, environments, and their interactions for health, height, diameter, and volume from ages one to four years. All trees had optimal health. Mean first-, second-, and third-year volume ranged from 71 ± 26 to 132 ± 39 cm3; 1440 ± 575 to 5765 ± 1132 cm3; and 8826 ± 2646 to 10,530 ± 2110 cm3, respectively. Fourth-year mean annual increment of 2017 buffer group trees ranged from 1.1 ± 0.7 to 7.8 ± 0.5 Mg ha−1 yr−1. We identified generalist varieties with superior establishment across a broad range of buffers (‘DM114’, ‘NC14106’, ‘99038022’, ‘99059016’) and specialist clones uniquely adapted to local soil and climate conditions (‘7300502’, ‘DN5’, ‘DN34’, ‘DN177’, ‘NM2’, ‘NM5’, ‘NM6’). Using generalists and specialists enhances the potential for phytoremediation best management practices that are geographically robust, being regionally designed yet globally relevant.

Aircraft Applications of Insecticides in East Africa. VIII.—An Experiment against the Tsetse Fly, Glossina swynnertoni Aust., in an isolated Area of Thronbush and Thicket

1954 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Hocking ◽  
G. F. Burnett ◽  
R. C. Sell
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Apparent Density ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Tsetse Fly ◽  
Central Province ◽  
The North ◽  
Insecticidal Treatment ◽  
Bad Weather ◽  
Glossina Swynnertoni ◽  
Better Than

An isolated area of 2,200 acres of thicket and thronbush in the Central Province, Tanganyika, was treated from the air with a DDT-in-oil aerosol in an attempt to eliminate the tsetse fly, Glossina swynnertoni Aust. Eight applications of 0·25 lb. technical DDT per acre were planned to be done at fortnightly intervals.Delays due to unseasonal bad weather reduced this to seven at a slightly higher rate and over a longer-period.G. swynnertoni was reduced from an apparent density of about 7 to zero at the end of the second application. No flies were caught after the fifth application for a period of six months.It is not possible to say whether the few caught since then have been brought in or are the offspring of survivors of the insecticidal treatment.This experiment was more successful than that on the Galapo Block in the same ares, to a highly significant degree, and this is attributed to the vulnerability of the smaller population present. It was doubtfully better than the first treatment of the North Block, also in this area, because the increase in population in the latter block may have been assisted by immigration.

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