scholarly journals Field and Modeling Study on Saving Mineral Fertilizers, Increasing Farm Income and Improving Soil Fertility Using Bio-Irrigation with Drainage Water from Fish Farms

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2998
Author(s):  
Abdelraouf R. E. ◽  
Ayman El-Sayed ◽  
Ibrahim A. Alaraidh ◽  
Abdulaziz Alsahli ◽  
Mohamed El-Zaidy
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Additional Amount ◽  
Four Levels

The reuse of new and non-traditional sources of water for the purpose of irrigation is the primary goal of all countries that are located in dry areas and suffer from water scarcity, including Egypt in particular. This study was conducted to determine the appropriateness and quantify the benefits of using fish farm wastewater (DWFF), as an alternative to fresh irrigation water (IW), for the irrigation of barley. Two types of water quality were tested for the irrigation of barley, namely DWFF and IW, in addition to four levels of fertilization rates, 100%N, 80%N, 60%N, and 40%N, where 100%N represents 156 kg of nitrogen per hectare. The results showed a positive effect of increasing the nitrogen fertilization rate with irrigation water on the crop with the use of DWFF and IW for irrigating barley in two seasons: 2017/2018 and 2018/2019. The yield when using DWFF for the irrigation of barley was higher than the yield when using IW, which was in the range of 5.1% and 25.9% in 2017/2018 and between 9.8% and 33.3% in 2018/2019. This was due to the additional amount of dissolved biological nitrogen and other nutrients contained in DWFF. Notably, an additional amount of dissolved nitrogen is inherent in DWFF (12.81 kg nitrogen ha−1 in 2017/2018 and 12.43 kg nitrogen ha−1 in 2018/2019) and other elements, such as phosphorus and potassium, which are two macronutrients for crops. The SALTMED model was used to simulate soil moisture content, water application efficiency, nitrogen concentration in the soil layer in the effective root zone, N uptake, the dry matter of grown barley, and yield and water productivity for all treatments, with R2 values of 0.94, 0.89, 0.99, 0.916, 0.89, 0.915, and 0.919 respectively. The research concluded that the use of DWFF is an effective alternative to IW for irrigating barley. It also helped to achieve higher yields while applying lower amounts of IW and chemical fertilizers. There are also additional benefits, such as reducing the drainage to the drainage network and increasing the income of farmers.

WATER AND NITROGEN-BALANCE AND -USE EFFICIENCY IN A RICE (ORYZA SATIVA)–WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM) CROPPING SYSTEM AS INFLUENCED BY MANAGEMENT INTERVENTIONS: FIELD AND SIMULATION STUDY

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. JALOTA ◽  
BHARAT BHUSHAN VASHISHT ◽  
HARSIMRAN KAUR ◽  
V. K. ARORA ◽  
K. K. VASHIST ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Crop Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Regimes

SUMMARYThe present study concerns identification of the most profitable and water and nitrogen use efficient best management practice (BMP) in a rice–wheat system using a combined approach of field experimentation and simulation. In the field study, two independent experiments, (1) effect of three transplanting/sowing dates, two cultivars and two irrigation regimes and (2) effect of four nitrogen (N) levels with four irrigation regimes, were conducted for two seasons of 2008–09 and 2009–10 at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India. Integrating the treatments of the two independent field experiments, simulations were run with the CropSyst model. The BMP demonstrated was transplanting of rice on 20 June and sowing of wheat on 5 November, irrigation to rice at 4-day drainage period and to wheat at irrigation water depth/Pan–E (open pan evaporation) ratio of 0.9, and fertilizer N of 150 kg ha−1 to each crop for medium-duration varieties. This practice gave higher profit (35%), equivalent rice yield (16%), crop water productivity (15%), irrigation water productivity (51%), economic water productivity (34%) and economic N productivity (94%) than the existing practice by the farmers. The improvement in crop water productivity by shifting the transplanting/sowing date was due to reduction in soil water evaporation and increased transpiration and fertilizer N productivity through increased N uptake.

scholarly journals Penerapan Irigasi Tetes Emiter Tali Dengan Bebagai Selang Waktu Irigasi Pada Tanaman Semangka

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Muhammad Idrus Idrus ◽  
Surya Surya
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Good Time ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Irrigation Water Productivity

The objectives of the research were (1) To know watermelon yield and irrigation water productivity of watermelon by used drip irrigation with nylon rope emitter on various time irrigation intervals, (2) To determined the good time irrigation interval for watermelon production by using the drip irrigation with nylon rope emitter. The research was conducted at the research field with four-time irrigation intervals were 1,2,3, and 4 days of time irrigation interval. The research was arranged in Completely Randomized Block Design. The result of the research showed that the time irrigation interval was not significantly affected yield and irrigation water productivity of watermelon. The soil moisture in the root zone at 30 cm depth of 23,23—23,88% before irrigation still in range of the available soil moisture content for plants. The average of watermelon yield and irrigation water productivity of watermelon were 5,07—5,45 kg/plant and 115,15—123,79 kg/m3. The good time interval of irrigation for watermelon production by using drip irrigation with rope emitter was 4 days time interval of irrigation.

scholarly journals Field and Modeling Study on Manual and Automatic Irrigation Scheduling under Deficit Irrigation of Greenhouse Cucumber

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 9819
Author(s):  
Abdelraouf R. E. ◽  
H. G. Ghanem ◽  
Najat A. Bukhari ◽  
Mohamed El-Zaidy
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Control ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Irrigation Schedule ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Arid Zones

The primary goal of all those working in the field of sustainable water management, particularly in the arid and semi-arid zones, is to increase irrigation efficiency, reduce irrigation water losses, and improve water productivity for all crops. This study assessed the automatic irrigation scheduling and irrigation management on the growth, yield, and water productivity of cucumber under greenhouse conditions. A field experiment was conducted using cucumber grown in aplastic greenhouse during the winter of 2017/18 and 2018/19 at the research farm station of the National Research Centre (NRC), El-Noubaria Region, Behaira Governorate, Egypt. In a split-plot experiment, two different methods to control irrigation scheduling (manual control (MC) and automatic control (AC)) were used in the main plots and three deficit irrigation treatments (100% of full irrigation (FI), 80% of FI, and 60% of FI). Through the obtained results, it was found that the use of the automatic control of the irrigation schedule led to an improvement in the productivity and quality characteristics of the cucumber crop. Automatic irrigation control created healthy conditions for the plant roots located under the least water stress. This led to an increase in nitrogen uptake at the ages of 3, 5, 7, and 9 weeks after planting in addition to improving the total leaf area and the chlorophyll content of leaves, which consequently had a greater effect on increasing yield and water productivity of cucumber. Although the highest values of cucumber productivity were obtained with irrigation at 100% of FI, there were no significant differences between 100% FI and 80% of FI, therefore it is preferable to irrigate at 80% of FI, and this means saving 20% of irrigation water that can be used to irrigate other areas. The SALTMED model simulating all of the following evaluation criteria performed well for soil moisture content and N-uptake as well as the leaves area, the yield, and water productivity of cucumber for all treatments for the two growing seasons 2017/18 and 2018/19, with the overall R2 of 0.882, 0.903, 0.975, 0.907, and 0.933, respectively.

scholarly journals Water smart technologies for irrigation water management of elephant foot yam in tropical zones of India

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1495-1504
Author(s):  
S. Sunitha ◽  
James George ◽  
G. Suja ◽  
A. N. Jyothi ◽  
A. Rajalekshmi
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Super Absorbent Polymer ◽  
Elephant Foot Yam ◽  
Tuber Crop ◽  
Smart Technologies ◽  
Absorbent Polymer

Abstract Water is the most crucial input in agriculture and declared to become the most scarce input in the near future, hence, judicious management of irrigation water is the need of the hour in tropical countries. In this study, a comparison of different water smart technologies, namely, porous ground cover mat, super absorbent polymer, partial root zone drying technique, bio mulching and foliar application of antitranspirant was made for enhancing water productivity in tuber crops using elephant foot yam as the test crop. Elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) is an important tropical tuber crop in India, and has attained commercial status in many states under assured irrigation. Mulching with ground cover mat and soil application of cassava starch-based super absorbent polymer recorded higher water productivity, reduced irrigation water requirement to 50% and enhanced the corm yield of elephant foot yam by 8–12% and energy use efficiency by 24–28% as compared to 100% irrigation. In the context of expected climate change and water scarcity, water smart technologies such as ground cover mats and super absorbent polymers would help in the cultivation of the tuber crop elephant foot yam with less irrigation, without adversely affecting the corm yield under humid tropical situations.

scholarly journals Efficient IoT-Based Control for a Smart Subsurface Irrigation System to Enhance Irrigation Management of Date Palm

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 3942
Author(s):  
Maged Mohammed ◽  
Khaled Riad ◽  
Nashi Alqahtani
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Water Amount

Drought is the most severe problem for agricultural production, and the intensity of this problem is increasing in most cultivated areas around the world. Hence improving water productivity is the primary purpose of sustainable agriculture. This study aimed to use cloud IoT solutions to control a modern subsurface irrigation system for improving irrigation management of date palms in arid regions. To achieve this goal, we designed, constructed, and validated the performance of a fully automated controlled subsurface irrigation system (CSIS) to monitor and control the irrigation water amount remotely. The CSIS is based on an autonomous sensors network to instantly collect the climatic parameters and volumetric soil water content in the study area. Therefore, we employed the ThingSpeak cloud platform to host sensor readings, perform algorithmic analysis, instant visualize the live data, create event-based alerts to the user, and send instructions to the IoT devices. The validation of the CSIS proved that automatically irrigating date palm trees controlled by the sensor-based irrigation scheduling (S-BIS) is more efficient than the time-based irrigation scheduling (T-BIS). The S-BIS provided the date palm with the optimum irrigation water amount at the opportune time directly in the functional root zone. Generally, the S-BIS and T-BIS of CSIS reduced the applied irrigation water amount by 64.1% and 61.2%, respectively, compared with traditional surface irrigation (TSI). The total annual amount of applied irrigation water for CSIS with S-BIS method, CSIS with T-BIS method, and TSI was 21.04, 22.76, and 58.71 m3 palm−1, respectively. The water productivity at the CSIS with S-BIS (1.783 kg m−3) and T-BIS (1.44 kg m−3) methods was significantly higher compared to the TSI (0.531 kg m−3). The CSIS with the S-BIS method kept the volumetric water content in the functional root zone next to the field capacity compared to the T-BIS method. The deigned CSIS with the S-BIS method characterized by the positive impact on the irrigation water management and enhancement on fruit yield of the date palm is quite proper for date palm irrigation in the arid regions.

scholarly journals Water Retention Techniques under Crop’s Root Zone a Tool to Enhance Water Use Efficiency and Economic Water Productivity for Zucchini

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Ali Hassan Hommadi ◽  
Sabah Anwer Almasraf
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
Membrane Sheet

 A new technique in cultivation by installing membrane sheet below the crop’s root zone was helped to save irrigation water in the root zone, less farm losses, increasing the field water use efficiency and water productivity. In this paper, the membrane sheet was installed below the root zone of zucchini during the summer growing season 2017 in open field.  This research was carried out in a private field in Babil governorate at Sadat Al Hindiya Township reached 72 km from Baghdad. Surface trickle irrigation system was used for irrigation process. Two treatment plots were used, treatment plot T1 using membrane sheet and treatment plot T2 without using the membrane sheet. The applied irrigation water, time of irrigation, soil moisture contents before irrigation were calculated and recorded daily for the two treatments plots. Values of crop yield, Field water use Efficiency and economic water productivity were discussed and compared between the plots. The obtained results indicate that field water use efficiency for the two plots, T1 and T2 were: 6.04 and 4.64 kg/m3, respectively.  The increasing value in field water use efficiency (FWUE) of plot T1 comparing with plot T2 was 30.2 %. Additionally, the value of economic water productivity of zucchini crop for plots T1 and T2 was: 20514.1 and 15031.7 ID/m3, respectively. The increasing value of the Economic water productivity (EWP) of plot T1 comparing with plot T2 was 36.5 %. The value of water saving in plot T1 was 16.7%. The reduction in frequency of irrigation at T1 was 12 %.            zucchini, water use efficiency, membrane sheet, and economic water productivity.

scholarly journals Effect of Organic and Mineral Fertilization on The Values of Soluble Potassium Insideand Outside Rhizosphere of ZeaMaize (zea mays L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Raid Sh. Jarallah ◽  
Jibreel Abbas Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Four Levels

A field experiment was carried out in a private farmer's farm located in AL-Qadisiyah/ Diwaniyah/ Daghara/ Sadr Al-Daghara area to study the effect of organic and mineral fertilizers on dissolved potassium values ​​inside and outsideZea maize rhizosphere. randomized complete block design (RCBD) was designed in three replicates and included two factors: the first factor with four levels of potassiumsulphatewhich are (0, 75, 150, 225) kg K. ha-1symbolized by the symbols (K0, K1, K2, K3) Respectively, and the second factor with four levelsof organic matter (poultry residues) which are (0, 10, 20, 30) tons. ha-1 symbolized by the symbols (O0, O1, O2, O3) Respectively, the seeds of Zeamaize (Zea mays L.) were cultivated in the form of lines (DKC 6120) in the form of lines on 20/7/2016. The results showed that the addition of potassium sulphate in different levels has achieved a significant increase in the amount of soluble potassium inside and outside the soil of the root zone and for all time periods (40,70,100) days of planting and the mineral fertilizer has exceeded the organic fertilizer in increasing the amount of soluble potassium and the interaction between the highest level of potassium fertilizer 225 kg k. ha-1 and the highest level of organic fertilizer 30 tons. ha-1 (K3O3) achieved the highest amount of soluble potassium within the root zone which amounted to (0.131,0.163) cmol.kg soil-1respectively, and (0.179,0.167) cmol.kg soil-1 outside the root zone respectivelyfor the periods (40,70) days of planting respectively, while after 100 days of planting the interaction (K2O3­) achieved the highest amount of soluble potassium amounted to 0.114 cmol.kg soil-1inside the root zone andtheinteraction (K3O3) achieved the highest amount of soluble potassium amounted to 0.159 cmol.kg soil-1 outside the root zone and a decrease in the amount of soluble potassium and for all treatment is noticed with the increase of plant growth time

IRRIGATION SCHEDULE OF LONG-FRUIT CUCUMBERS AND HYDROAMELIORATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRIP IRRIGATION IN PLASTIC GREENHOUSE

2019 ◽  
pp. 307-313
Author(s):  
Rumiana Kireva ◽  
Roumen Gadjev
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Schedule ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Irrigation Technology ◽  
Irrigation Technologies ◽  
Pressure Flows ◽  
Efficient Water Use

The deficit of the irrigation water requires irrigation technologies with more efficient water use. For cucumbers, the most suitable is the drip irrigation technology. For establishing of the appropriate irrigation schedule of cucumbers under the soil and climate conditions in the village of Chelopechene, near Sofia city, the researchеs was conducted with drip irrigation technology, adopting varying irrigation schedules and hydraulic regimes - from fully meeting the daily crops water requirements cucumbers to reduced depths with 20% and 40%. It have been established irrigation schedule with adequate pressure flows in the water source, irrigation water productivity and yields of in plastic unheated greenhouses of the Sofia plant.

Prospects of spring wheat cultivation in the conditions of arid Volga region

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Valery Genadievich Popov ◽  
Andrey Vladimirovich Panfilov ◽  
Yuriy Vyacheslavovich Bondarenko ◽  
Konstantin Mikhailovich Doronin ◽  
Evgeny Nikolaevih Martynov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Clear Differentiation ◽  
The Impact

The article analyzes the experience of the impact of the system of forest belts and mineral fertilizers on the yield of spring wheat, including on irrigated lands. Vegetation irrigation is designed to maintain the humidity of the active soil layer from germination to maturation at the lower level of the optimum-70-75%, and in the phases of tubulation-earing - flowering - 75-80% NV. However, due to the large differences in zones and microzones of soil and climate conditions and due to the weather conditions of individual years, wheat irrigation regimes require a clear differentiation. In the Volga region in the dry autumn rainfalls give the norm of 800-1000 m3/ha, and in saline soils – 1000-1300 and 3-4 vegetation irrigation at tillering, phases of booting, earing and grain formation the norm 600-650 m3/ha. the impact of the system of forest belts, mineral fertilizers on the yield of spring wheat is closely tied to the formation of microclimate at different distances from forest edges.

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