scholarly journals Groundwater Flow-Modeling and Sensitivity Analysis in a Hyper Arid Region

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2131
Author(s):  
Sameh W. H. Al-Muqdadi ◽  
Rudy Abo ◽  
Mohammed O. Khattab ◽  
Firas M. Abdulhussein
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Groundwater Modelling ◽  
Western Desert ◽  
Flow Modeling ◽  
Significant Challenge ◽  
Water Recharge ◽  
Upstream Weighting ◽  
Modelling Process

Groundwater modelling is particularly challenging in arid regions where limited water recharge is available. A fault zone will add a significant challenge to the modelling process. The Western Desert in Iraq has been chosen to implement the modelling concept and calculate the model sensitivity to the changes in aquifer hydraulic properties and calibration by researching 102 observations and irrigation wells. MODFLOW-NWT, which is a Newtonian formulation for MODFLOW-2005 approaches, have been used in this study. Further, the simulation run has been implemented using the Upstream-Weighting package (UPW) to treat the dry cells. The results show sensitivity to the change of the Kx value for the major groundwater discharge flow. Only about 7% of the models from the region can be irrigated utilizing greenhouses supported by external recharge.

Detecting Submarine Groundwater Plumes in the Salalah Area: a Radon Tracer and Numerical Integral Plume Model Approach

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Hajar Al Balushi
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Submarine Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Meteoric Water ◽  
Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
Exploration And Exploitation ◽  
Submarine Groundwater ◽  
Hydraulic Gradients ◽  
Model Approach

The inflow of fresh or brackish groundwater into the sea is referred to as Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD). The SGD is enforced by a terrestrial component whichmainly depends on freshwater extraction and recharge by meteoric water and on aquifer permeability. And a marine component that is mainly controlled by the spatial distribution of outflows and water depth (hydraulic gradients between land and sea). This study is motivated by the importance of freshwater in arid regions and, in particular, by the continuous challenges posed by the exploration and exploitation of fresh water sources inthe Sultanate of Oman. Moreover, there is a lack of studies on SGD phenomena alongthe 1000 km coastline in the South of Oman. The objective of this study is to develop a method to detect SGD spots in the offshore region, autonomously, and understanding thehydrodynamics of the discharge seepage for future backtracking, quantification and coastaland groundwater management. The study area Salalah, Dhofar Governorate, South of Oman is known to have a high natural groundwater recharge during the monsoon seasonand a karstic coastal seafloor, which results in a high potential of submarine groundwater discharge spots.

scholarly journals Technical Note: Groundwater flow modeling in coastal aquifers – the influence of submarine groundwater discharge on the position of the saltwater–freshwater interface

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 3753-3785 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Shishaye
Keyword(s):  
Submarine Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Analytic Solutions ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Flow Modeling ◽  
Interface Position ◽  
Aquifer Systems ◽  
Submarine Groundwater ◽  
Interface Location ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. An investigation of the impact of submarine groundwater discharge on the position of saltwater–freshwater interface is presented in this manuscript. Two conceptualizations were considered and analyzed using both analytic and numerical techniques, for comparison purposes. The first conceptualization assumes that the tip of the saltwater–freshwater interface occurs at the shoreline, and the second conceptualization allows for the tip to extend off-shore. Analytic solutions exist for both conceptualizations, i.e., Strack (1976) for conceptualization 1 and Bakker (2006) for conceptualization 2. Results from both analytic and numeric analysis for the two conceptualizations are presented. Results from the first conceptualization were found to overestimate the inland distance to the interface toe, compared to the second conceptualization, for it ignores the influence of submarine groundwater discharge on the interface location. Moreover, results from the analytic solutions as a whole were found to overestimate the interface location compared to the numerical modeling results, for analytic solutions are based on the sharp interface approximations. Therefore, an empirically derived dispersion factor should be used to correct the analytic solution results so as to compare them with the numerically simulated values. Furthermore, offshore model extents should be incorporated when modeling coastal aquifer systems to include the influence of submarine groundwater discharge on the saltwater–freshwater interface position.

scholarly journals An Overview of Managed Aquifer Recharge in Mexico and Its Legal Framework

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Belle Cruz-Ayala ◽  
Sharon B. Megdal
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Managed Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Pilot Projects ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Water Recharge ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
Policies And Programs

In Mexico, one hundred of the 188 most important aquifers dedicated to agriculture and human consumption are over-exploited and 32 are affected by seawater intrusion in coastal areas. Considering that Mexico relies on groundwater, it is vital to develop a portfolio of alternatives to recover aquifers and examine policies and programs regarding reclaimed water and stormwater. Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) may be useful for increasing water availability and adapting to climate change in semi-arid regions of Mexico. In this paper, we present an overview of water recharge projects that have been conducted in Mexico in the last 50 years, their methods for recharge, water sources, geographical distribution, and the main results obtained in each project. We found three types of MAR efforts: (1) exploratory and suitability studies for MAR, (2) pilot projects, and (3) MAR facilities that currently operate. This study includes the examination of the legal framework for MAR to identify some challenges and opportunities that Mexican regulation contains in this regard. We find that beyond the technical issues that MAR projects normally address, the regulatory framework is a barrier to increasing MAR facilities in Mexico.

Quantifying vertebrate zoogeographical regions of Australia using geospatial turnover in the species composition of mammals, birds, reptiles and terrestrial amphibians

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4802 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-81
Author(s):  
BERNHARD BEIN ◽  
MALTE C. EBACH ◽  
SHAWN W. LAFFAN ◽  
DANIEL J. MURPHY ◽  
GERASIMOS CASSIS
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Eastern Desert ◽  
Geospatial Analysis ◽  
Western Desert ◽  
Australian Region ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
East West

A geospatial analysis of 1,906,302 records of 1938 species of Australian vertebrates has shown that the original regions proposed in the 19th century, namely the Eyrean, Torresian and Bassian still hold. The analysis has shown that the Eyrean region has an east-west divide, forming two, possibly independent arid regions (Eastern Desert and Western Desert provinces), that are shaped by topography and rainfall. A revised and interim zoogeographical area taxonomy of the Australian region is presented herein. 

Water Flow Modeling with Dry Bulk Density Optimization to Determine Hydraulic Properties in Mountain Soils

2018 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Fullhart ◽  
T. J. Kelleners ◽  
D. G. Chandler ◽  
J. P. McNamara ◽  
M. S. Seyfried
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Flow Modeling ◽  
Mountain Soils

scholarly journals Modeling of Runoff in the Arid Regions Using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 691-700
Author(s):  
Ahmed Shahadha Muneer ◽  
Khamis Naba Sayl ◽  
Ammar Hatem Kamel
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Western Desert ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Good Agreement

One of the most important challenges in the field of engineering hydrology and water resources management, especially in arid regions such as the Iraqi Western Desert, is the process of predicting and quantifying the surface runoff. The limited available data about rainfall, runoff, soil properties, evaporation, and the lack of metrological stations make the process of predicting and calculating surface runoff a very difficult task. Modern technology can help with the purpose of compensating for the shortage of data and providing the information necessary to estimate the runoff and develop the system of water resources management in the region. The present study develops a model to determine the infiltration of soil from spectral reflectance using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) integrated with a geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS). Field infiltration measurements for 105 soil samples in the Al-Ratga catchment area in the Iraqi western desert are achieved. The performance of the developed model was assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively (effective runoff depth) by comparing the results of actual and estimated basic infiltration rate values for each sample. The results refer to a good agreement between estimated and measured infiltration (R2=0.768). The developed model predicts the runoff depending on the water balance equation and the results refer to good agreement with the SCS-CN model that is one of the most widely used in this region.

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