scholarly journals Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim Degradation by Fenton and Fenton-Like Processes

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antover Panazzolo Sarmento ◽  
Alisson Carraro Borges ◽  
Antonio Teixeira de Matos ◽  
Lincoln Lucílio Romualdo
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Fenton Reaction ◽  
Desirability Function ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Degradation Model ◽  
Pareto Chart ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Antibiotic Degradation

In this work, the degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and trimethoprim (TMP) via Fenton and Fenton-like processes was evaluated using Mn2+ as supporting catalyst in the Fenton reaction. The optimum conditions of degradation were also evaluated. Besides that, the effect of independent factors pH, [H2O2], [Fe2+], [Mn2+] and reaction time (t) on the efficiency of the SMX and TMP degradation were assessed. Box–Behnken was the experimental design adopted, delineating the relative concentration (C/Co) of antibiotics after treatments as response variable. The inferences were conducted using variance analysis, Pareto chart, response surface methodology, and desirability function. Due to the lack of adjustment of the SMX degradation model, there are no more inferences about it. The significant variables (p ≤ 0.05) on TMP degradation were: reaction time quadratic and linear effect, [Fe2+] linear effect, [Mn2+] linear effect, interaction pH vs. [Mn2+]. The Mn2+ addition aided TMP degradation in environments with lower pH values. However, the addition may harm the efficiency of the antibiotic degradation at higher pH. The optimum condition for TMP degradation in the conventional process (without the addition of Mn2+) is: pH 5, [H2O2] equal to 4.41 mmol L−1, [Fe2+] equal to 0.81 mmol L−1 and 90 min reaction time.

scholarly journals Humic acid degradation by fenton-like process using Fe2+ and Mn4+

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 388-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antover Panazzolo Sarmento ◽  
Alisson Carraro Borges ◽  
Antonio Teixeira de Matos ◽  
Lincoln Lucílio Romualdo
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Desirability Function ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Fenton Process ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Pareto Chart ◽  
Surface Method ◽  
Efficient Alternative ◽  
Central Composite

Abstract This study investigates the Humic Acid (HA) degradation in aqueous solution by a Fenton-Like process using Fe2+ and Mn4+ as a catalyst. The effect of the independent factors: pH, [H2O2], [Fe2+], [Mn4+] and t (reaction time) at the efficiency of HA degradation were evaluated, aiming at obtaining the optimum conditions. The statistic arrangement adopted was the Central Composite Design, and the response variable was the HA relative concentration after the treatments. The inferences were made using variance analysis, the Pareto chart, the response surface method and the desirability function. The variables which were more significant at the HA degradation were: [Fe2+] (linear and square effects), pH (square effect) and the interactions between [Fe2+] vs [H2O2] and [Fe2+] vs t. The addition of Mn4+ did not provide a significant improvement to the efficiency of HA degradation. Nevertheless, it was observed that the conventional Fenton process proved to be an efficient alternative for the HA degradation. The optimal and most economical condition is pH 5, [H2O2] of 6.17 mmol L−1, [Fe2+] of 0.54 mmol L−1, reaction time of 120 min and no added Mn4+.

Decolorization of Mordant Red 15 Dye in Water by Potassium Ferrate (VI)

2013 ◽  
Vol 838-841 ◽  
pp. 2445-2448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Hua Wang ◽  
Bo Zhi Ren ◽  
Pu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Fenton Reaction ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Dye Decolorization ◽  
High Ability ◽  
Potassium Ferrate ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Optimum Ph

Decolorization of the Mordant red 15 dye in water was investigated in laboratory-scale experiments using potassium ferrate (VI). The effect of corresponding parameters such as reaction time, concentration of potassium ferrate, pH values and the addition of H2O2 were considered in the experiments. The results indicated that about 78% dye decolorization was obtained in less than 30 min under optimum conditions. The pH values and concentration of ferrate (VI) were correlated with color removal rate of Mordant red 15 dye. The optimum pH value and ferrate (VI) concentration are 5 and 450 mg/L, respectively. Addition of H2O2 could initiate the Fenton reaction and result in 84.46% decolorization of dye in 30 min. Due to high ability of oxidizing and flocculation, potassium ferrate (VI) is an effect way for treatment of dyes in water.

scholarly journals Combined use of O3/H2O2 and O3/Mn2+ in flotation of dairy wastewater

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Marta Cristina Silva Carvalho ◽  
Alisson Carraro Borges ◽  
Magno Dos Santos Pereira ◽  
Fernanda Fernandes Heleno ◽  
Leda Rita D´Antonino Faroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Desirability Function ◽  
Catalytic Ozonation ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
H2o2 Treatment ◽  
Flotation Process ◽  
Quadratic Effect ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Metal Addition

This work investigated the degradation of organic matter present in synthetic dairy wastewater by the combination of ozonation (ozone (O3)/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)) and catalytic ozonation (ozone (O3)/manganese (Mn2+)) associated with dispersed air flotation process. The effect of independent factors such as O3 concentration, pH and H2O2 and Mn2+ concentration was evaluated. For the flotation/O3/H2O2 treatment, the significant variables  (p ≤ 0.05) were: O3 concentration (linear and quadratic effect), H2O2 concentration linear and quadratic effect, pH values (linear and quadratic effect) and interaction O3 concentration versus pH. For catalytic ozonation, it was observed that the significant variable was the linear effect of O3 concentration. According to the desirability function, it was concluded that the optimal condition for the treatment of flotation/O3/H2O2 can be obtained in acidic solution using O3 concentrations greater than 42.9 mg L-1 combined with higher concentrations of H2O2 to 1071.5 mg L-1. On other hand, at pH values higher than 9.0, the addition of O3 may be neglected when using higher concentrations than 1071.5 mg L-1 of H2O2. For flotation/ozonation catalyzed by Mn2+, it was observed that metal addition did not affect treatment, resulting in an optimum condition: 53.8 mg L-1 of O3 and pH 3.6.

scholarly journals Chemical Removal of Cu and Zn from Swine Feces before Soil Application

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 377
Author(s):  
Moo-Joon Shim ◽  
Seung-Mok Lee
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
H2so4 Solution ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Swine Feces ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Cu And Zn ◽  
Oxalic Acids

Cu and Zn are known to be abundant in swine feces; hence, concentrations of these metals need to be lowered before swine feces are applied to land in order to prevent potential environmental problems. The main objective of this study was to develop an appropriate chemical process to remove Cu and Zn from swine feces using acid extractions. The removal efficiencies of Cu and Zn decreased in the order of H2SO4 > HNO3 > organic acids (citric and oxalic acids). Owing to the highest removal efficiencies of Cu and Zn by using H2SO4, it was selected for further elimination of Cu and Zn from swine feces. By using H2SO4, the optimal concentration, solid-to-liquid ratio, and reaction time were 2%, 1:50, and 8 h, respectively. At the optimum conditions, Cu concentration was decreased from 198 mg/kg to 40.1 mg/kg and Zn concentration from 474 mg/kg to 80.0 mg/kg, with removal rates of 79.7% and 83.1%, respectively. The low Cu removal efficiency, resulting from the strong complexation between Cu and organic matter of swine feces, was improved by the increase in the reaction time and H2SO4 solution concentrations. However, about half of the total nitrogen (TN) was also removed by using H2SO4, indicating that the swine feces treated with H2SO4 may have poor value as fertilizer. Additional studies are required to find an optimal method to maintain TN concentrations while simultaneously removing Cu and Zn.

Degradation of chlorpyriphos in water by advanced oxidation processes

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Murillo ◽  
J. Sarasa ◽  
M. Lanao ◽  
J. L. Ovelleiro
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Processes ◽  
Advanced Oxidation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Oxidation Processes ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Initial Ph

The degradation of chlorpyriphos by different advanced oxidation processes such as photo-Fenton, TiO2, TiO2/H2O2, O3 and O3/H2O2 was investigated. The photo-Fenton and TiO2 processes were optimized using a solar chamber as light source. The optimum dosages of the photo-Fenton treatment were: [H2O2]=0.01 M; [Fe3 + ]=10 mg l−1; initial pH = 3.5. With these optimum conditions total degradation was observed after 15 minutes of reaction time. The application of sunlight was also efficient as total degradation was achieved after 60 minutes. The optimum dosage using only TiO2 as catalyst was 1,000 mg l−1, obtaining the maximum degradation at 20 minutes of reaction time. On the other hand, the addition of 0.02 M of H2O2 to a lower dosage of TiO2 (10 mg l−1) provides the same degradation. The ozonation treatment achieved complete degradation at 30 minutes of reaction time. On the other hand, it was observed that the degradation was faster by adding H2O2 (H2O2/O3 molar ratio = 0.5). In this case, total degradation was observed after 20 minutes.

scholarly journals Process optimization for biodiesel production from neutralized waste cooking oil and the effect of this biodiesel on engine performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanzer Eryilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Cooking Oils

In this study, the methyl ester production process from neutralized waste cooking oils is optimized by using alkali-catalyzed (KOH) single-phase reaction. The optimization process is performed depending on the parameters, such as catalyst concentration, methanol/oil ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time. The optimum methyl ester conversion efficiency was 90.1% at the optimum conditions of 0.7 wt% of potassium hydroxide, 25 wt% methanol/oil ratio, 90 min reaction time and 60°C reaction temperature. After the fuel characteristics of the methyl ester obtained under optimum conditions were determined, the effect on engine performance, CO and NOx emissions of methyl ester was investigated in a diesel engine with a single cylinder and direct injection. When compared to diesel fuel, engine power and torque decreased when using methyl ester, and specific fuel consumption increased. NOx emission increases at a rate of 18.4% on average through use of methyl ester.

scholarly journals Treatment of oilfield wastewater by combined process of micro-electrolysis, Fenton oxidation and coagulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 3278-3288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenchao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Fenton Oxidation ◽  
Oily Wastewater ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Combined Process ◽  
Cod Removal Efficiency ◽  
Optimized Conditions

Abstract In this study, a combined process was developed that included micro-electrolysis, Fenton oxidation and coagulation to treat oilfield fracturing wastewater. Micro-electrolysis and Fenton oxidation were applied to reduce chemical oxygen demand (COD) organic load and to enhance organic components gradability, respectively. Orthogonal experiment were employed to investigate the influence factors of micro-electrolysis and Fenton oxidation on COD removal efficiency. For micro-electrolysis, the optimum conditions were: pH, 3; iron-carbon dosage, 50 mg/L; mass ratio of iron-carbon, 2:3; reaction time, 60 min. For Fenton oxidation, a total reaction time of 90 min, a H2O2 dosage of 12 mg/L, with a H2O2/Fe2+ mole ratio of 30, pH of 3 were selected to achieve optimum oxidation. The optimum conditions in coagulation process: pH, cationic polyacrylamide dosage, mixing speed and time is 4.3, 2 mg/L, 150 rpm and 30 s, respectively. In the continuous treatment process under optimized conditions, the COD of oily wastewater fell 56.95%, 46.23%, 30.67%, respectively, from last stage and the total COD removal efficiency reached 83.94% (from 4,314 to 693 mg/L). In the overall treatment process under optimized conditions, the COD of oily wastewater was reduced from 4,314 to 637 mg/L, and the COD removal efficiency reached 85.23%. The contribution of each stage is 68.45% (micro-electrolysis), 24.07% (Fenton oxidation), 7.48% (coagulation), respectively. Micro-electrolysis is the uppermost influencing process on COD removal. Compared with the COD removal efficiency of three processes on raw wastewater under optimized conditions: the COD removal efficiency of single micro-electrolysis, single Fenton oxidation, single coagulation is 58.34%, 44.88% and 39.72%, respectively. Experiments proved the effect of combined process is marvelous and the overall water quality of the final effluent could meet the class III national wastewater discharge standard of petrochemical industry of China (GB8978-1996).

Some Functional Properties of Succinylated Single Cell Protein Concentrate

1975 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 521-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. McELWAIN ◽  
T. RICHARDSON ◽  
C. H. AMUNDSON
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Candida Utilis ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Single Cell Protein ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Nucleic Acid Content ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Whole Egg

Single cell protein concentrate was prepared by extracting dried Candida utilis with 0.2 N NaOH at 95 C for 10 min. The soluble protein was precipitated at pH 3.5, washed, and lyophilized. Portions of the protein isolates were succinylated so that 84% of the free amino groups were blocked. Alkaline extractions under optimum conditions gave a yield of 25 to 30% of total solids. Nucleic acid content of the isolates was 10.4% whereas protein comprised 67.3%. Succinylated (SI) and nonsuccinylated (NSI) single cell protein concentrate exhibited similar solubilities above pH 4, the apparent isoelectric point. At pH values below 4, SI was quite insoluble whereas NSI was very soluble at pH 2. Digestibilities as measured by percentage of lysine released from the protein by pepsin and pancreatin were 32.7%, 18.6%, and 3.3% for NSI, whole egg, and SI, respectively. Stabilities of emulsions prepared from corn oil (20–50%) tended to be lower when gelatin was used at the 1% level compared to NSI and SI. However, higher levels of gelatin tended to yield more stable emulsions compared to NSI and SI. Stabilities of emulsions prepared from NSI and SI tended to be comparable with NSI being slightly better. Viscosities of emulsions increased with increasing oil content and increasing emulsifier concentration.

Preliminary Study on the Removal of Hexavalent Chromium in Wastewater with Reduction of Sulfur Dioxide

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 1699-1703
Author(s):  
Ji Ming Wu ◽  
Sheng Gao Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
High Concentrations

The paper focused on a self-developed methodology through using sulfur dioxide to deal with high concentration of chromium-containing wastewater. It studied the effects of different pH values, different reaction time, different temperatures and different amounts of sulfur with sulfur dioxide reduction reaction on the chromium-containing wastewater. The results showed that: when the reaction conditions were controlled as follows: the pH values ranged from 2 to 4, the reaction temperature was controlled 40~60°C, the amount of sulfur in theoretical was 1.2 times and the reaction time was 40 min, the hexavalent chromium in the high concentrations of chromium-containing wastewater could be effectively removed.

Application of Oyster (Anadara Inflata) Shell Chitosan as Adsorbent for Heavy Metal Cu(II) Ion

2015 ◽  
Vol 798 ◽  
pp. 390-394
Author(s):  
Saptono Hadi ◽  
Budi Hastuti ◽  
Nurina Tulus Setiawati
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Interaction Mechanism ◽  
Chemical Mechanism ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Percentage Removal ◽  
Adsorption Capability

Research on the application of chitosan derived from oyster (Anadara inflata) shell as adsorbent for heavy metal Cu (II) has been conducted. Optimum conditions for adsorption, including pH, reaction time, and mass of adsorbent were investigated. Adsorption capability of Cu (II) by chitosan under those optimum conditions was subsequently evaluated by determining their adsorption isotherms and interaction mechanism. The results showed that the optimum condition for adsorption were pH 8, contact time 60 min, and mass of adsorbent 300 mg. Under those optimum conditions, chitosan has a high percentage removal of Cu (II) from aqueous solution, up to 70%. The adsorption process was well described as Langmuir isotherm and it is assumed that the interaction between Cu (II) and chitosan was based on chemical mechanism.

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