Process optimization for biodiesel production from neutralized waste cooking oil and the effect of this biodiesel on engine performance

In this study, the methyl ester production process from neutralized waste cooking oils is optimized by using alkali-catalyzed (KOH) single-phase reaction. The optimization process is performed depending on the parameters, such as catalyst concentration, methanol/oil ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time. The optimum methyl ester conversion efficiency was 90.1% at the optimum conditions of 0.7 wt% of potassium hydroxide, 25 wt% methanol/oil ratio, 90 min reaction time and 60°C reaction temperature. After the fuel characteristics of the methyl ester obtained under optimum conditions were determined, the effect on engine performance, CO and NOx emissions of methyl ester was investigated in a diesel engine with a single cylinder and direct injection. When compared to diesel fuel, engine power and torque decreased when using methyl ester, and specific fuel consumption increased. NOx emission increases at a rate of 18.4% on average through use of methyl ester.

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Biodiesel Production through Direct Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil with Alcohol via Ultrasonic Wave

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.389.12 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 389 ◽

pp. 12-16

Author(s):

Yong Feng Kang ◽

Hua Jin Shi ◽

Lin Ge Yang ◽

Jun Xia Kang ◽

Zi Qi Zhao

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Reaction Temperature ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Ultrasonic Power ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Biodiesel Synthesis ◽

Optimum Reaction ◽

Ester Exchange Reaction

Biodiesel is prepared from waste cooking oil and methanol. The ester exchange reaction is conducted under ultrasonic conditions with alkali as the catalysts. Five factors influencing on the transesterification reaction of biodiesel production are discussed in this study, including the reaction time, reaction temperature, catalyst amount, methanol to oil molar ratio, ultrasonic power. A series of laboratory experiments were carried out to test the conversion of biodiesel under various conditions. The process of biodiesel production was optimized by application of orthogonal test obtain the optimum conditions for biodiesel synthesis. The results showed that the optimum reaction conditions were:molar ratio of oil to methanol 8:1,catalysts 1.2g KOH/100g oil,reaction temperature 70°C, reaction time 50 min,Ultrasonic power 400W. The conversion may up to 96.48%.

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Production of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil and Its Performance on Four Strokes IC Engine

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i4.5.20094 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (4.5) ◽

pp. 303

Author(s):

B. S V S R Krishna ◽

Shivaraj B K

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Reaction Temperature ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Catalyst Loading ◽

Plant Oil ◽

Alkaline Catalyst ◽

Ic Engine ◽

Cooking Oil

Majority of biodiesel is produced from plant oil (Jatropha, Pongamia, Mahua, Neem, Cotton seed oil etc.), which requires large land area to grow. The major drawback of production of biodiesel in large scale is the cost of raw materials. One of the satisfactory methods to limit the Biodiesel (Methyl esters) production cost is to employ low price/quality raw material, for instance biodiesel production using waste cooking oil (WCO). Simultaneously solves the disposal problem of waste cooking oil. This is socioeconomic and environment friendly and it does not compete with fresh food oil resources. Waste cooking oil collected from different hotels in and around Manipal/Udupi of Karnataka, India. Transesterification reaction of WCO with methanol in presence of alkaline catalyst KOH has been accomplished in transesterification reactor. Experiments have been carried out at different operating conditions viz. catalyst loading (over the range of 0.4 to 3 wt %), oil to methanol ratio (1:3, 1:5, 1:6, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10 and 1:12), reaction temperature (50, 60 and 70 ºC) and reaction time (40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 minutes) to identify optimized conditions for preparation of biodiesel. At these conditions gave that maximum yield (~91.60 %) of biodiesel at catalyst loading of 0.85 wt %, oil to methanol ratio of 1:8, reaction temperature of 60 ºC and reaction time of 60 minutes. Biodiesel properties at different blends (B100, B30, B20, and B5) as prescribed by ASTM D6751-12 methods have been carried out. Its performance and emission test on diesel engine were also carried out.

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Enhancement of Biodiesel Production from High-Acid-Value Waste Cooking Oil via a Microwave Reactor Using a Homogeneous Alkaline Catalyst

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14020437 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 437

Author(s):

Ming-Chien Hsiao ◽

Peir-Horng Liao ◽

Nguyen Vu Lan ◽

Shuhn-Shyurng Hou

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Reaction Temperature ◽

Microwave Power ◽

Acid Value ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Transesterification Reaction ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Alkaline Catalyst ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

High Acid

In this study, low quality oils (waste cooking oils) with high acid value (4.81 mg KOH/g) were utilized as the feedstocks for a transesterification reaction enhanced by additional microwave power and the use of an NaOH catalyst. The kinetics of the transesterification reaction under different reaction times and temperatures was studied. It was found that in the microwave-assisted transesterification reaction, the optimum conditions under a microwave power of 600 W were as follows: an NaOH catalyst of 0.8 wt %, a 12:1 molar ratio of methanol to oil, a reaction time of 2 min, and a reaction temperature of 65 °C. The conversion of waste cooking oil into biodiesel reached 98.2% after this short reaction time. This result conformed to 96.5% of the standard value of Taiwan CNS 15072. In addition, with increases in the reaction temperature from 55 to 65 °C, the reaction rate constant increased from 0.635 to 2.396 min−1, and the activation energy required for the transesterification reaction was 123.14 kJ/mole.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Heterogeneous Solid Acid Catalyst from Alstonia Scolaris Stalks for Biodiesel Production using Waste Cooking Oil

Nanoscience &Nanotechnology-Asia ◽

10.2174/2210681210999200728123043 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Charishma Venkata Sai Anne ◽

Karthikeyan S. ◽

Arun C.

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Solid Acid ◽

Solid Acid Catalyst ◽

Acid Catalyst ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Wood Biomass ◽

Waste Wood ◽

X Ray ◽

Cooking Oil

Background: Waste biomass derived reusable heterogeneous acid based catalysts are more suitable to overcome the problems associated with homogeneous catalysts. The use of agricultural biomass as catalyst for transesterification process is more economical and it reduces the overall production cost of biodiesel. The identification of an appropriate suitable catalyst for effective transesterification will be a landmark in biofuel sector Objective: In the present investigation, waste wood biomass was used to prepare a low cost sulfonated solid acid catalyst for the production of biodiesel using waste cooking oil. Methods: The pretreated wood biomass was first calcined then sulfonated with H2SO4. The catalyst was characterized by various analyses such as, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The central composite design (CCD) based response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to study the influence of individual process variables such as temperature, catalyst load, methanol to oil molar ration and reaction time on biodiesel yield. Results: The obtained optimized conditions are as follows: temperature (165 ˚C), catalyst loading (1.625 wt%), methanol to oil molar ratio (15:1) and reaction time (143 min) with a maximum biodiesel yield of 95 %. The Gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil was showed that it has a mixture of both monounsaturated and saturated methyl esters. Conclusion: Thus the waste wood biomass derived heterogeneous catalyst for the transesterification process of waste cooking oil can be applied for sustainable biodiesel production by adding an additional value for the waste materials and also eliminating the disposable problem of waste oils.

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Investigation on Physicochemical Properties of Wastewater Grown Microalgae Methyl Ester and its Effects on CI Engine

Environmental and Climate Technologies ◽

10.2478/rtuect-2020-0005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 72-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sara Tayari ◽

Reza Abedi ◽

Ali Abedi

Keyword(s):

Methyl Ester ◽

Engine Performance ◽

Exhaust Emissions ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Emissions Reduction ◽

Test Results ◽

Main Fatty Acid ◽

Ci Engine ◽

Hc Emissions ◽

A Minor

AbstractMicroalgae have been mentioned as a promising feedstock for biodiesel production. In this study, microalgae Chlorella vulgaris (MCV) was cultivated in a bioreactor with wastewater. After biodiesel production from MCV oil via transesterification reaction, chemical and physical properties of MCV methyl ester were evaluated with regular diesel and ASTM standard. Besides, engine performance and exhaust emissions of CI engine fuelled with the blends of diesel-biodiesel were measured. The GC-MS analysis showed that oleic and linoleic acids were the main fatty acid compounds in the MCV methyl ester. Engine test results revealed that the use of biodiesel had led to a major decrease in CO and HC emissions and a modest reduction in CO2 emissions, whereas there was a minor increase in NOx emissions. Furthermore, there was a slight decrease in the engine power and torque while a modest increase in brake specific fuel consumption which are acceptable due to exhaust emissions reduction. The experimental results illustrate considerable capabilities of applied MVC biodiesel as an alternative fuel in diesel engines to diminish the emissions.

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Engine Performance Investigations of Palm Oil, Jatropha Oil and Waste Cooking Oil as Alternative Fuel

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1113.674 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1113 ◽

pp. 674-678

Author(s):

Syarifah Yunus ◽

Noriah Yusoff ◽

Muhammad Faiz Fikri Ahmad Khaidzir ◽

Siti Khadijah Alias ◽

Freddawati Rashiddy Wong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Engine Performance ◽

Alternative Fuel ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Gas Temperature ◽

Performance Effect ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Exhaust Gas Temperature ◽

Global Agenda

The continued using of petroleum energy as a sourced for fuel is widely recognized as unsustainable because of the decreasing of supplies while increasing of the demand. Therefore, it becomes a global agenda to develop a renewable, sustainable and alternative fuel to meets with all the demand. Thus, biodiesel seems to be one of the best choices. In Malaysia, the biodiesel used is from edible vegetable oil sources; palm oil. The uses of palm oil as biodiesel production source have been concern because of the competition with food materials. In this study, various types of biodiesel feedstock are being studied and compared with diesel. The purpose of this comparison is to obtain the optimum engine performance of these different types of biodiesel (edible, non-edible, waste cooking oil) on which are more suitable to be used as alternative fuel. The optimum engine performance effect can be obtains by considering the Brake Power (BP), Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC), Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT) and Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE).

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Evaluation of Shell-Derived Calcium Oxide Catalysts for the Production of Biodiesel Esters from Cooking Oils

Academic Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.32861/ajc.61.20.27 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 20-27

Author(s):

Ngee Sing Chong ◽

Francis Uchenna Okejiri ◽

Saidi Abdulramoni ◽

Shruthi Perna ◽

Beng Guat Ooi

Keyword(s):

Calcium Oxide ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

X Ray ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Biodiesel Synthesis ◽

Cooking Oils ◽

The Cost ◽

Percentage Conversion

Due to the high cost of feedstock and catalyst in biodiesel production, the viability of the biodiesel industry has been dependent on government subsidies or tax incentives. In order to reduce the cost of production, food wastes including eggshells and oyster shells have been used to prepare calcium oxide (CaO) catalysts for the transesterification reaction of biodiesel synthesis. The shells were calcined at 1000 °C for 4 hours to obtain CaO powders which were investigated as catalysts for the transesterification of waste cooking oil. The catalysts were characterized by Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. Reaction parameters such as methanol-to-oil molar ratio, CaO catalyst concentration, and reaction time were evaluated and optimized for the percentage conversion of cooking oil to biodiesel esters. The oyster-based CaO showed better catalytic activity when compared to the eggshell-based CaO under the same set of reaction conditions.

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Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil

International Journal of Students Research in Technology & Management ◽

10.18510/ijsrtm.2015.383 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (8) ◽

pp. 448-450 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vinoth E

Keyword(s):

Methyl Esters ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Plant Resources ◽

Waste Cooking Oils ◽

New Energy ◽

General Aspects ◽

Cooking Oils ◽

The Cost ◽

No Emissions

Biodiesel is receiving increased attention as an alternative, non-toxic, biodegradable and renewable diesel fuel and contributes a minimum amount of net greenhouse gases, such as CO2, SO2 and NO emissions to the atmosphere. Exploring new energy resources, such as biofuel is of growing importance in recent years. The possibility of obtaining oil from plant resources has created a great importance in several countries. Vegetable oil after esterification being used as bio diesel, Considering the cost and demand of the edible oil is bearable, so it may be preferred for the preparation of bio diesel in India. The transesterification of waste cooking oils with methanol as well as the main uses of the fatty acid methyl esters are reviewed. The general aspects of this process and the applicability of different types of catalysts (acids, alkaline metal hydroxides, alkoxides and carbonates, enzymes and non-ionic bases, such as amines, amides, and guanidine and triamino (imino) phosphoranes) are described. Transesterification is carried in a reaction cavity, once the reaction is complete, glycerine and biodiesel are gravity separated.

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A review on production of biodiesel from waste cooking oils

International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies ◽

10.53894/ijirss.v1i2.8 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 32-41

Author(s):

Muzhda Azizi ◽

Sweeta Akbari

Keyword(s):

Fossil Fuels ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽

Good Alternative ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Waste Cooking Oils ◽

Low Toxicity ◽

The One ◽

Cooking Oils ◽

Different Sources

Nowadays, preservation of natural resources on earth is one of the most important concerns of humanity. In this regard, increasing the consumption of energy is one of the most critical challenges that humans are facing. Because, on the one hand, the untapped use of different sources of energy from fossil fuels can destroy this natural resource and, on the other hand, pollution from the use of these resources is a serious threat to the environment. Recent research suggests that affordable, sustainable and environmentally friendly fuels, which can be a good alternative to fossil fuels, have become more important. Therefore, biodiesel has made it possible to release less greenhouse gas emission and low toxicity emissions, which can partly meet fuel requirements and is the best alternative for petroleum diesel. In addition, the waste cooking oils are a major source of biodiesel for their essential compounds, such as glycerol. The use of waste cooking oils can reduce biodiesel production cost by 60 to 90 percent. Therefore, the main objective of this review is to study the production of biodiesel using transesterification reaction of waste cooking oil as an alternative fuel to petroleum diesel that can be used easily in diesel engines.

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