scholarly journals The Urgent Need for River Health Biomonitoring Tools for Large Tropical Rivers in Developing Countries: Preliminary Development of a River Health Monitoring Tool for Myanmar Rivers

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyein Thandar Ko ◽  
Phil Suter ◽  
John Conallin ◽  
Martine Rutten ◽  
Thom Bogaard
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
River Health ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Indexing Methods ◽  
Indexing Method ◽  
Additional Testing ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Country Specific

Anthropogenic pressures such as river infrastructure, agriculture and power generation are rapidly increasing in Southeast Asia, aimed at providing food security within the region. However, this will lead to unintended river health consequences, and, currently, most Southeast Asian countries have no country-specific tools for monitoring river health. In Myanmar, one of Southeast Asia’s poorest and most rapidly developing countries, no country-specific tools exist, and there is an urgent need to provide tools that can inform better management and trade-off decision making. This research evaluated three rapid macroinvertebrate bioassessment methods under Myanmar conditions. The objective of the research was to assess the applicability of existing internationally accepted indexing methods for use in Myanmar. Through taxa identification in the laboratory and statistical analysis, it was concluded that the method with the best fit for Myanmar taxa is The Asia Foundation index method, although differences were small. This Asia Foundation method is comparable to the Australian Waterwatch method but includes a family present in our samples that is not included in the Waterwatch method. We then modified this method to include Myanmar taxa not recorded in The Asia Foundation method. The modified index method could be further developed into a Myanmar specific tool for widespread use potentially in combination with the also tested miniSASS, a much easier order-based method better suitable for non-professionals. We recommend additional testing using sites on other rivers across the country to establish a professional indexing method for Myanmar.

Wadhwa, Charan D. and MukulG. Asher (eds.). ASEAN-SOUTH ASIA Economic Relations. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. 1985. ix+384pp.

1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-338
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hussain Malik
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Asian Studies ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Rigorous Research ◽  
Southeast Asian Studies ◽  
The Right ◽  
Policy Proposals

The need to enhance their economic relations with each other has long been felt by developing countries. However, their efforts in this regard have met with limited success. One of the reasons for this could be that not much serious work has been done to understand the complexities and possibilities of economic relations of developing countries. The complementarities which exist among the economies of these countries remain relatively unexplored. There is a lack of concrete policy proposals which developing countries may follow to achieve their often proclaimed objective of collective self-reliance. All this needs serious and rigorous research efforts. In this perspective, the present study can be considered as a step in the right direction. It examines trade and other economic relations of developing countries of two regions of Asia-South Asian countries and member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The study also explores ways and means to improve economic relations among these countries

The cost implication of primary prevention in the HOPE 3 trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-271
Author(s):  
Andre Lamy ◽  
Eva Lonn ◽  
Wesley Tong ◽  
Balakumar Swaminathan ◽  
Hyejung Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Cost Saving ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Pressure Lowering ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Care Costs ◽  
Country Specific

Abstract Aims The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation-3 (HOPE-3) found that rosuvastatin alone or with candesartan and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) (in a subgroup with hypertension) significantly lowered cardiovascular events compared with placebo in 12 705 individuals from 21 countries at intermediate risk and without cardiovascular disease. We assessed the costs implications of implementation in primary prevention in countries at different economic levels. Methods and results Hospitalizations, procedures, study and non-study medications were documented. We applied country-specific costs to the healthcare resources consumed for each patient. We calculated the average cost per patient in US dollars for the duration of the study (5.6 years). Sensitivity analyses were also performed with cheapest equivalent substitutes. The combination of rosuvastatin with candesartan/HCT reduced total costs and was a cost-saving strategy in United States, Canada, Europe, and Australia. In contrast, the treatments were more expensive in developing countries even when cheapest equivalent substitutes were used. After adjustment for gross domestic product (GDP), the costs of cheapest equivalent substitutes in proportion to the health care costs were higher in developing countries in comparison to developed countries. Conclusion Rosuvastatin and candesartan/HCT in primary prevention is a cost-saving approach in developed countries, but not in developing countries as both drugs and their cheapest equivalent substitutes are relatively more expensive despite adjustment by GDP. Reductions in costs of these drugs in developing countries are essential to make statins and blood pressure lowering drugs affordable and ensure their use. Clinical trial registration HOPE-3 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00468923.

scholarly journals BRUCELLAR UVEITIS IN EASTERN INDIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Anindita Sen ◽  
Parthajit Banerjee ◽  
Devarati Dutta ◽  
Manas Pal ◽  
Atanu Ray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Brucella Infection ◽  
One Year

Objective: Brucellosis- one of the major zoonotic diseases, still remains an uncontrolled problem, in regions of high endemicity. Ophthalmic brucellosis is not studied and overlooked in most developing countries.  Considering the severe outcome of undiagnosed ophthalmic brucellosis, in this paper we made attempts to find out whether this disease still remains a health problem in a South East Asian developing country, where study of this disease is largely neglected.  Methods This study was carried out over a one year period from January 2015 to December 2015. Blood samples were collected from clinically confirmed cases of uveitis and they were subjected to five serological and one genus specific molecular investigations, for the detection of Brucella infection.Results Out of 20 uveitis cases, 4 (20%) cases confirmed as brucellar uveitis, by serological tests followed by PCR confirmation. After treatment of brucellosis all the four patients were recovered uneventfully.Conclusion: Brucella infection involving the eye is still a significant problem in South East Asian countries; hence in all uveitis cases in this reason brucellosis should be excluded by available laboratory tests.Government of India (Dept. of Biotechnology the major zoonotic diseases, still remains an uncontrolled problem, in regions of high endemicity. Ophthalmic brucellosis is not studied and overlooked in most developing countries.  Considering the severe outcome of undiagnosed ophthalmic brucellosis, in this paper we made attempts to find out whether this disease still remains a health problem in a South East Asian developing country, where study of this disease is largely neglected.   Methods This study was carried out over a one year period from January 2015 to December 2015. Blood samples were collected from clinically confirmed cases of uveitis and they were subjected to five serological and one genus specific molecular investigations, for the detection of Brucella infection.Results Out of 20 uveitis cases, 4 (20%) cases confirmed as brucellar uveitis, by serological tests followed by PCR confirmation. After treatment of brucellosis all the four patients were recovered uneventfully.Conclusion: Brucella infection involving the eye is still a significant problem in South East Asian countries; hence in all uveitis cases in this reason brucellosis should be excluded by available laboratory tests.

ANALISA (MIS) MATCH TENAGA KERJA DI ASIA TENGGARA

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-149
Author(s):  
Aning Kesuma Putri ◽  
Ratu Eva Febriani
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Job Market ◽  
Match Model ◽  
Timor Leste ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

The mismatch between jobs and skills indicates the match model in the job market is not going well, which is referred to as (e.g.) labor match, which leads to overeducation and undereducation in the job market. This research was conducted to find the influence of growth, overeducation and undereducation on wages in Southeast Asia. The data used is secondary data sourced from https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/ data in 2010-2019, especially in 8 Southeast Asian countries consisting of Brunai Darusalam, Philippines, Laos, Indonesia, Cambodia, Thailand, Timor Leste and Vietnam. The results found that the workers with the highest undereducated levels were in Timor Laste, then Laos and Cambodia. Worker conditions in developing countries such as Southeast Asia have more undereducation conditions than overeducation. Economic growth, overeducation and undereducatio affect workers' wages. Keywords: overeducation, undereducation, mismatch, labor 

Second Order Divide in Internet Usage in Developing Countries

2018 ◽  
pp. 38-51
Author(s):  
Aparna Purushothaman ◽  
Lone Dirckinck Holmfeld ◽  
Moly Kuruvilla
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Internet Literacy

Internet literacy is crucial to become information literate and for lifelong learning for today's citizens. However, there is an identified gendered digital divide in Internet usage, as the major proportion of unconnected citizens, especially in the developing economies in asian countries are women. The problems of the gender digital divide are not just limited to connectivity and infrastructural issues, literacy and the cost of access, which are often discussed in the literature. The authors identify some of the second order factors that are often overlooked and arise out of cognitive, psychological and social factors leading to the digital divide. The paper also discusses possible measures that could be taken up to address the second order gender digital divide.

Exploring Aggressive Legalism: Is Now A Good Time to Promote This Approach in Greater Asia?

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Lu
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Good Time ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Dispute Settlement Mechanism ◽  
Wto Dispute Settlement ◽  
The Status ◽  
Settlement Mechanism ◽  
Asian Developing Countries

AbstractAggressive legalism, a trade policy-making strategy targeted at actively utilizing WTO rules to defend trade interests, has greatly benefited major Eastern Asian countries in past years. This paper examines whether this strategy should be promoted around greater Asia in this era. First, this paper updates the status of adoption of aggressive legalism in East Asian countries including Japan, Korea and China. Second, it looks into the current and possible future utilization of the WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism by selected countries which are frequent “targets” of trade remedy measures, namely India, Thailand and Indonesia. Finally, it discusses the participation of Asian developing countries in the WTO. Relying upon case studies and statistical analysis, the author finds that Asian countries’ rising image in international trade signals a trend of adopting aggressive legalism in Great Asia. This trend will undoubtedly promote the energetic development of international trade globally. However, room for more progressive participation in the WTO still exists, especially in developing countries.

scholarly journals School pressures and child mental health in Afro-Asian countries

1996 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 301-303
Author(s):  
L. B. Bartlet
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Child Mental Health ◽  
Educational Expectations ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Psychosomatic Symptoms ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
High Educational

Educational pressure on children is worldwide. In the United Kingdom this is seen in the growth of structured classes and courses for two- to four-year-olds such as ‘Making French Fun’ and ‘Musical Appreciation for Under Fours' (Matthews, 1995). Such programmes are of particular interest to aspiring middle-class parents but other groups also have high educational expectations. Some parents with a West Indian background, believing the British educational system to be superior to that in their country of origin, look for high attainments which often results in their children showing psychosomatic symptoms. In developing countries the signs of educational pressure are especially evident.

scholarly journals An Overview on Energy and Development of Energy Integration in Major South Asian Countries: The Building Sector

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5776
Author(s):  
Rashiqa Abdul Salam ◽  
Khuram Pervez Amber ◽  
Naeem Iqbal Ratyal ◽  
Mehboob Alam ◽  
Naveed Akram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Human Development ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Energy Integration ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Building Sector ◽  
The World ◽  
Energy And Development

India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh (IPB) are the largest South Asian countries in terms of land area, gross domestic product (GDP), and population. The growth in these countries is impacted by inadequate renewable energy policy and implementation over the years, resulting in slow progress towards human development and economic sustainability. These developing countries are blessed with huge potential for renewable energy resources; however, they still heavily rely on fossil fuels (93%). IPB is a major contributor to the total energy consumption of the world and its most energy-intensive building sector (India 47%, Pakistan 55% and Bangladesh 55%) displays inadequate energy performance. This paper comprehensively reviews the energy mix and consumption in IPB with special emphasis on current policies and its impact on economic and human development. The main performance indicators have been critically analyzed for the period 1970–2017. The strength of this paper is a broad overview on energy and development of energy integration in major South Asian countries. Furthermore, it presents a broad deepening on the main sector of energy consumption, i.e., the building sector. The paper also particularly analyzes the existing buildings energy efficiency codes and policies, with specific long-term recommendations to improve average energy consumption per person. The study also examines the technical and regulatory barriers and recommends specific measures to adapt renewable technologies, with special attention to policies affecting energy consumption. The analysis and results are general and can be applied to other developing countries of the world.

The impact of Australia Asia Pacific Clinical Oncology Research Development (ACORD) on research productivity of participants according to region of origin

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 17074-17074
Author(s):  
B. Koczwara ◽  
S. Ackland ◽  
A. Esterman ◽  
F. Marine ◽  
M. Stockler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Region Of Origin ◽  
Protected Time ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Oncology Research ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Diverse Cultures

17074 Background: ACORD is a 1-week, intensive educational workshop designed to increase skills of junior cancer clinical researchers from the Asia Pacific region. Participants come from region of diverse cultures, languages and resources. Methods: We surveyed participants 1 year after the workshop to determine its impact on their research output. Participants were grouped into those from: Australia or New Zealand (ANZ), developed Asian countries (Japan, Korea, Taiwan), and developing Asian countries (India, China, Bangladesh, Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia). Results: The response rate was higher from developed Asia (10/10, 100%), than ANZ (44/59, 75%) and developing Asia (7/12, 58%). The proportion of respondents spending more than half of their time in research was higher in ANZ (21%), than developing Asia (14%) or developed Asia (10%). The workshop was rated very valuable by more respondents from developing Asia (71%) than from ANZ (59%) and developed Asia (60%). More than half of respondents had submitted their ACORD protocol to an IRB. Progress activating protocols was reported more frequently by respondents from developing Asia (86%) than developed Asia (70%) and ANZ (59%). Involvement in other research was also reported more frequently by respondents from developing Asia (100%) than ANZ (82%) or developed Asia (80%). The most frequently reported barriers to progressing research were: other work commitments (71% for developing Asia, 44% for ANZ, 30% for developed Asia) and lack of funding (71% for developing Asia, 39% for ANZ, and 33% for developed Asia). Continuing contact with faculty and participants was reported more frequently by respondents from ANZ (59%), than developed Asia (43%) or developing Asia (30%). Conclusions: Respondents were highly satisfied with the workshop, perceiving positive effects on their research skills and careers. Participants from developing countries were more likely to take their protocols forward, despite reporting greater barriers to progress, and less continuing contact with faculty and participants. Protected time and support for researchers are worth considering for developing countries wanting to improve their research output. [Table: see text]

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