scholarly journals Impact Assessment of Urban Flood on Traffic Disruption using Rainfall–Depth–Vehicle Speed Relationship

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung-Su Choo ◽  
Dong-Ho Kang ◽  
Byung-Sik Kim
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Socioeconomic Impacts ◽  
Flood Depth ◽  
Driving Speed

The transportation network enables movement of people and goods and is the basis of economic activity. Recently, short-term locally heavy rains occur frequently in urban areas, causing serious obstacles to road flooding and increasing economic and social effects. Therefore, in advanced weather countries, many studies have been conducted on realistic and reliable impact forecasting by analyzing socioeconomic impacts, not just information transmission as weather forecasts. In this paper, we use the Spatial Runoff Assessment Tool (S-RAT) and Flood Inundation model (FLO-2D model) to calculate the flooding level in urban areas caused by rainfall and use the flooding rate. In addition, the rainfall–flood depth curve and the Flood–Vehicle Speed curve were presented during the analysis, and the traffic disruption map was prepared using this. The results of this study were compared with previous studies and verified by rainfall events in 2011. As a result of the verification, the result was similar to the actual flooding, and when the same rainfall occurred within the range of the target area, it was confirmed that there were sections that could not be passed and sections that could be passed smoothly. Therefore, the results suggested in this study will be helpful for the driver’s route selection by using the urban flood damage analysis and vehicle driving speed analysis.

Bayesian inference analysis of the uncertainty linked to the evaluation of potential flood damage in urban areas

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1669-1677 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Fontanazza ◽  
G. Freni ◽  
V. Notaro
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Inference ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Bayesian Inference Analysis ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Damage Functions ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Flood Depth ◽  
High Uncertainty

Flood damage in urbanized watersheds may be assessed by combining the flood depth–damage curves and the outputs of urban flood models. The complexity of the physical processes that must be simulated and the limited amount of data available for model calibration may lead to high uncertainty in the model results and consequently in damage estimation. Moreover depth–damage functions are usually affected by significant uncertainty related to the collected data and to the simplified structure of the regression law that is used. The present paper carries out the analysis of the uncertainty connected to the flood damage estimate obtained combining the use of hydraulic models and depth–damage curves. A Bayesian inference analysis was proposed along with a probabilistic approach for the parameters estimating. The analysis demonstrated that the Bayesian approach is very effective considering that the available databases are usually short.

scholarly journals Flood Depth‒Damage Curves for Spanish Urban Areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Martínez-Gomariz ◽  
Edwar Forero-Ortiz ◽  
María Guerrero-Hidalga ◽  
Salvador Castán ◽  
Manuel Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Damage Estimation ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Damage Models ◽  
Damage Reduction ◽  
Flood Depth ◽  
Project Site ◽  
The Eu

Depth‒damage curves, also known as vulnerability curves, are an essential element of many flood damage models. A relevant characteristic of these curves is their applicability limitations in space and time. The reader will find firstly in this paper a review of different damage models and depth‒damage curve developments in the world, particularly in Spain. In the framework of the EU-funded RESCCUE project, site-specific depth‒damage curves for 14 types of property uses have been developed for Barcelona. An expert flood surveyor’s opinion was essential, as the occasional lack of data was made up for by his expertise. In addition, given the lack of national standardization regarding the applicability of depth‒damage curves for flood damage assessments in Spanish urban areas, regional adjustment indices have been derived for transferring the Barcelona curves to other municipalities. Temporal adjustment indices have been performed in order to modify the depth‒damage curves for the damage estimation of future flood events, too. This study attempts to provide nationwide applicability in flood damage reduction studies.

scholarly journals Risk Type Analysis of Building on Urban Flood Damage

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 2505
Author(s):  
Kiyong Park ◽  
Sang-Hyun Choi ◽  
Insang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Vulnerability Analysis ◽  
Precipitation Pattern ◽  
City Development ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Risk Class ◽  
Exposure Analysis ◽  
Building Type

Climate change caused by global warming has resulted in an increase in average temperature and changes in precipitation pattern and intensity. Consequently, this has led to an increase in localized heavy rain which intensifies the uncertainty of the development of urban areas. To minimize flood damage in an urban area, this study aims to analyze the flood risk effect on buildings by ranking the risk of flood damage for each building type and sorting the long-term land use plan and the building type that requires particular consideration. To evaluate the flood risk of each building type, vulnerability analysis and exposure analysis were conducted in five regions of the Ulsan City. The vulnerability analysis includes determination of each building type by using the building elements which are sensitive to flood damage. In terms of the exposure analysis, environmental factors were applied to analyze the flood depth. The mapping based on the results from two analyses provided the basis for classifying the flood risk into five classes (green, yellowish green, yellow, orange, red). The results were provided in the urban spatial form for each building type. This analysis shows that the district near the Taehwa river is the area with the highest risk class buildings (red and orange class buildings). Notably, this area plays a pivotal functional role in administrating the Ulsan City and has a high density of buildings. This phenomenon is explained by city development which is centered around the lowland; however, given the high value of property, the potential risk is proven to be high.

scholarly journals A Novel Framework for Urban Flood Damage Assessment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Yavari ◽  
Seyyed Ali Akbar Salehi Neyshabouri ◽  
Jafar Yazdi ◽  
amir molajou
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Damage Functions ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Rainfall Frequency ◽  
Novel Method

Abstract The study of non-stationary effects of hydrological time series and land-use changes in urban areas is essential to predict future floods and their probable damage. In the current study, a novel method was proposed for analyzing their simultaneous impact. For this purpose, rainfall frequency and land-use changes analyses were conducted for two different long-term periods, and the results were compared. Then, hydrologic modeling of the catchment was carried out using the HEC-HMS model, and obtained hydrographs were fed to the HEC-RAS2D model for estimating flood inundation areas. Using the economic information of assets and their damage functions, flood damages related to these two periods were evaluated through the HEC-FIA model. The results indicated that in the low return periods (e.g., 2-year flood), the damage in the second period was increased with respect to the first one but increased for the return periods of 5 to 100 years. Furthermore, surface runoff showed a 4.65% increase due to land-use change and a 12% increase due to rainfall non-stationarity. Moreover, flood damage showed a 136% increase on average, and among the two studied factors, the non-stationarity of rainfalls is considerably more effective on flood intensification.

Flood risk modelling based on tangible and intangible urban flood damage quantification

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. E. ten Veldhuis ◽  
F. H. L. R. Clemens
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Call Centre ◽  
Damage Functions ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Risk Modelling ◽  
Traffic Disturbance ◽  
Risk Curves

The usual way to quantify flood damage is by application stage-damage functions. Urban flood incidents in flat areas mostly result in intangible damages like traffic disturbance and inconvenience for pedestrians caused by pools at building entrances, on sidewalks and parking spaces. Stage-damage functions are not well suited to quantify damage for these floods. This paper presents an alternative method to quantify flood damage that uses data from a municipal call centre. The data cover a period of 10 years and contain detailed information on consequences of urban flood incidents. Call data are linked to individual flood incidents and then assigned to specific damage classes. The results are used to draw risk curves for a range of flood incidents of increasing damage severity. Risk curves for aggregated groups of damage classes show that total flood risk related to traffic disturbance is larger than risk of damage to private properties, which in turn is larger than flood risk related to human health. Risk curves for detailed damage classes show how distinctions can be made between flood risks related to many types of occupational use in urban areas. This information can be used to support prioritisation of actions for flood risk reduction. Since call data directly convey how citizens are affected by urban flood incidents, they provide valuable information that complements flood risk analysis based on hydraulic models.

scholarly journals Using Multi-Factor Analysis to Predict Urban Flood Depth Based on Naive Bayes

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 432
Author(s):  
Huiliang Wang ◽  
Hongfa Wang ◽  
Zening Wu ◽  
Yihong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Naive Bayes ◽  
Naïve Bayes ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Flood Depth ◽  
Depth Prediction ◽  
Bayes Theory ◽  
Flooded Areas

With global warming, the number of extreme weather events will increase. This scenario, combined with accelerating urbanization, increases the likelihood of urban flooding. Therefore, it is necessary to predict the characteristics of flooded areas caused by rainstorms, especially the flood depth. We applied the Naive Bayes theory to construct a model (NB model) to predict urban flood depth here in Zhengzhou. The model used 11 factors that affect the extent of flooding—rainfall, duration of rainfall, peak rainfall, the proportion of roads, woodlands, grasslands, water bodies and building, permeability, catchment area, and slope. The forecast depth of flooding from the NB model under different rainfall conditions was used to draw an urban inundation map by ArcGIS software. The results show that the probability and degree of urban flooding in Zhengzhou increases significantly after a return period of once every two years, and the flooded areas mainly occurred in older urban areas. The average root mean square error of prediction results was 0.062, which verifies the applicability and validity of our model in the depth prediction of urban floods. Our findings suggest the NB model as a feasible approach to predict urban flood depth.

scholarly journals A Study on Urban Inundation Using SWMM in Busan, Korea, Using Existing Dams and Artificial Underground Waterways

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1708
Author(s):  
Yeon-Moon Choo ◽  
Sang-Bo Sim ◽  
Yeon-Woong Choe
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Virtual Model ◽  
Sustainable Cities ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
Reduction Methods ◽  
Urbanized Areas

The annual average rainfall in Busan area is increasing, causing frequent flooding of Busan’s Suyeong and Oncheon rivers. Due to the increase in urbanized areas and climate change, it is difficult to reduce flood damage. Therefore, new methods are needed to reduce urban inundation. This study models the effects of three flood reduction methods involving Oncheon River, Suyeong River, and the Hoedong Dam, which is situated on the Suyeong. Using EPA-SWMM, a virtual model of the dam and the rivers was created, then modified with changes to the dam’s height, the installation of a floodgate on the dam, and the creation of an underground waterway to carry excess flow from the Oncheon to the Hoedong Dam. The results of this study show that increasing the height of the dam by 3 m, 4 m, or 6 m led to a 27%, 37%, and 48% reduction in flooding, respectively, on the Suyeong River. It was also found that installing a floodgate of 10 × 4 m, 15 × 4 m, or 20 × 4 min the dam would result in a flood reduction of 2.7% and 2.9%, respectively. Furthermore, the construction of the underground waterway could lead to an expected 25% flood reduction in the Oncheon River. Measures such as these offer the potential to protect the lives and property of citizens in densely populated urban areas and develop sustainable cities and communities. Therefore, the modifications to the dam and the underground waterway proposed in this study are considered to be useful.

Bi-directional Coupling of an Unstructured Triangular Meshes-based Integrated Hydrodynamic Model for Heterogeneous Feature-based Urban Flood Simulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoqiang Peng ◽  
Zhuo Zhang ◽  
Tian Zhang ◽  
Zhiyao Song ◽  
Arif Masrur
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Flood Simulation ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Essential Condition ◽  
Flow Processes ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
Heterogeneous Feature

Abstract Urban pluvial flash floods have become a matter of widespread concern, as they severely impact people’s lives in urban areas. Hydrological and hydraulic models have been widely used for urban flood management and urban planning. Traditionally, to reduce the complexity of urban flood modelling and simulations, simplification or generalization methods have been used; for example, some models focus on the simulation of overland water flow, and some models focus on the simulation of the water flow in sewer systems. However, the water flow of urban floods includes both overland flow and sewer system flow. The overland flow processes are impacted by many different geographical features in what is an extremely spatially heterogeneous environment. Therefore, this article is based on two widely used models (SWMM and ANUGA) that are coupled to develop a bi-directional method of simulating water flow processes in urban areas. The open source overland flow model uses the unstructured triangular as the spatial discretization scheme. The unstructured triangular-based hydraulic model can be better used to capture the spatial heterogeneity of the urban surfaces. So, the unstructured triangular-based model is an essential condition for heterogeneous feature-based urban flood simulation. The experiments indicate that the proposed coupled model in this article can accurately depict surface waterlogged areas and that the heterogeneous feature-based urban flood model can be used to determine different types of urban flow processes.

scholarly journals Decision support system for urban flood management

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Abebe ◽  
R. K. Price
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Support System ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Flood Warning ◽  
Forecast Models

This paper presents the development of a decision support system (DSS) for flood warning and instantiation of restoration activities in two urban areas, the Liguria Region in Italy and the Greater Athens catchment in Greece, with the potential of extension to other locations with similar flooding problems. The tool is designed to work at the centre of a set of meteorological and hydrologic/hydraulic forecast models together with telemetric data acquisition networks. The study reveals the complexity and uncertainty involved in managing flooding in the study areas. Issues about the validity and extended benefits of the system are also discussed.

scholarly journals Enhanced DEM-based flow path delineation methods for urban flood modelling

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 568-579
Author(s):  
J. P. Leitão ◽  
D. Prodanović ◽  
S. Boonya-aroonnet ◽  
Č. Maksimović
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Flow Path ◽  
Flow Paths ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Bouncing Ball ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Synthetic Test ◽  
Water Accumulation ◽  
Flooding Events

In order to simulate surface runoff and flooding, one-dimensional (1D) overland flow networks can be automatically delineated using digital elevation models (DEM). The resulting network comprises flow paths and terrain depressions/ponds and is essential to reliably model pluvial (surface) flooding events in urban areas by so-called 1D/1D models. Conventional automatic DEM-based flow path delineation methods have problems in producing realistic overland flow paths when detailed high-resolution DEMs of urban areas are used. The aim of this paper is to present the results of research and development of three enhanced DEM-based overland flow path delineation methods; these methods are triggered when the conventional flow path delineation process stops due to a flow obstacle. Two of the methods, the ‘bouncing ball and buildings’ and ‘bouncing ball and A*’ methods, are based on the conventional ‘bouncing ball’ concept; the third proposed method, the ‘sliding ball’ method, is based on the physical water accumulation concept. These enhanced methods were tested and their results were compared with results obtained using two conventional flow path delineation methods using a semi-synthetic test DEM. The results showed significant improvements in terms of the reliability of the delineated overland flow paths when using these enhanced methods.

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