scholarly journals Influence of Wastewater Discharge on the Occurrence of PBTC, HEDP, and Aminophosphonates in Sediment, Suspended Matter, and the Aqueous Phase of Rivers

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 803
Author(s):  
Eduard Rott ◽  
Oliver Happel ◽  
Dominic Armbruster ◽  
Ralf Minke
Keyword(s):  
Phosphonic Acid ◽  
Suspended Matter ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Large River ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Methylphosphonic Acid ◽  
Wastewater Discharge ◽  
Adsorption Affinity ◽  
One Year

Sediment, suspended matter (SM), and water of a large river (Neckar; River1) and a small river (Körsch; River2) were analyzed for the phosphonates 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (PBTC), 1-hydroxyethylidene (1,1-diphosphonic acid) (HEDP), aminotris (methylphosphonic acid) (ATMP), ethylenediaminetetra (methylene phosphonic acid) (EDTMP), and diethylenetriaminepenta (methylene phosphonic acid) (DTPMP). Ten samplings were performed at intervals of one to two months during one year, each covering the relevant matrices before and behind the discharge point of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). In River1, the total concentration of dissolved phosphonate did not change significantly (2.4–5.8 µg/L before vs. 2.5–6.6 µg/L behind WWTP; p = 0.9360). In River2, it increased significantly from <0.1–1.6 µg/L to 19–39 µg/L (p < 0.0001). Based on the median, the total phosphonate load in River1 sediment increased 1.9-fold (6.7–29.4 mg/kg before vs. 17.8–53.5 mg/kg behind WWTP; p = 0.0033) and in River2 by a factor of eight (1.8–5.0 mg/kg before vs. 18.1–51.4 mg/kg behind WWTP; p < 0.0001). This indicates that phosphonates discharged by WWTPs adsorb onto solid particles and accumulate in the sediment. In the case of River2, the SM load could reach values of 1000–1710 mg/kg behind the WWTP, presumably due to the introduction of insufficiently retained activated sludge particles of >2000 mg/kg phosphonate loads. In general, the nitrogen-free phosphonates PBTC and HEDP were most predominant in both dissolved and adsorbed form, of which HEDP had the highest adsorption affinity.

First Practical Experiences with Submerged Rope-Type Bio-Film Reactors for Upgrading and Nitrification

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (4-6) ◽  
pp. 825-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Lessel
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Reactor Material ◽  
Reactor Materials ◽  
Practical Experiences ◽  
One Year ◽  
Operational Data

The upgrading and nitrification was required for the waste water treatment plant in Geiselbullach. As space for more aeration tanks was not available, the possibility of increasing the MLSS by the use of submerged bio-film reactors was tested in a half technical scale pilot plant with three different reactor materials. Each tested reactor material caused a significant increase of MLSS and the nitrification reaction. The rope-type material was selected for the practical application, as it had not the same disadvantages of the other tested systems, which proved operational problems. After one year of continuous operation for nitrification in the full scale plant the influences on the biomass characteristics were investigated. Design criterias and details and operational data are reported.

Possible impact of treated wastewater discharge on incidence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in river water

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Iwane ◽  
T. Urase ◽  
K. Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
River Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Wastewater Discharge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant

Escherichia coli and coliform group bacteria resistant to seven antibiotics were investigated in the Tama River, a typical urbanized river in Tokyo, Japan, and at a wastewater treatment plant located on the river. The percentages of antibiotic resistance in the wastewater effluent were, in most cases, higher than the percentages in the river water, which were observed increasing downstream. Since the possible increase in the percentages in the river was associated with treated wastewater discharges, it was concluded that the river, which is contaminated by treated wastewater with many kinds of pollutants, is also contaminated with antibiotic resistant coliform group bacteria and E.coli. The percentages of resistant bacteria in the wastewater treatment plant were mostly observed decreasing during the treatment process. It was also demonstrated that the percentages of resistance in raw sewage are significantly higher than those in the river water and that the wastewater treatment process investigated in this study works against most of resistant bacteria in sewage.

A Decision Support System for Artificial Recharge Plant

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 331-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Masciopinto ◽  
V. Palmisano ◽  
F. Tangorra ◽  
M. Vurro
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Artificial Recharge ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Wastewater Discharge ◽  
Training Tool ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Expert System Shell

The need for artificial recharge plants is the result of the qualitative and quantitative worsening of groundwater resources due to increased pumping and wastewater discharge. This paper described a system that uses artificial intelligence techniques for designing an artificial recharge plant. The system can be used as a training tool for new engineers, as well as an aid in the choices for expert engineers. The system is an application of an expert system shell running on a common p.c. machine. The model is made up of two knowledge bases, respectively denoted as Quantity artificial recharge and Quality artificial recharge. The former is related to the quantitative aspects, such as geology, climate and land availability, the latter to qualitative aspects, such as water use and treatment plant. Two case studies have been implemented in order to confirm the validity of this kind of systemic approach.

Magnetic Ferrous Fluid for Microplastics Extraction Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 1030 ◽  
pp. 138-145
Author(s):  
L.S. Yeo ◽  
M.R.M. Julaihi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Science Fair ◽  
Treatment Techniques

The study in microplastics removal using nanomaterials is relatively new and the majority of treatment techniques lies in water treatment plant. This research aims to study an innovative approach to mechanically remove microplastics from polluted water inspired by Fionn Ferreira who won the Google Science Fair in 2019. Experiments are designed and conducted to identify the efficiency of the method with varied oil to nanoparticles ratio. Additionally, possible application of the concept was explored presented as a proof of concept. The technique takes advantage of the relatively low surface tension of oil and immiscible properties in water as an adhesive element between the microplastics and magnetic nanoparticles. Stirring the mixture binds all particle components to the oil medium and then removed from the water using a magnet. Since this is a physical interaction, the technique is not limited to microplastics but other solid particles as well. The results presented in this paper concludes the suggested treatment achieved the highest microplastic extraction percentage at 97.312%. The associated ratio was recorded to be a 1:1 unit volume of oil to nanoparticles. The ratio provides sufficient viscosity and surface tension for ease of microplastics extraction. The novelty of the treatment lies in the reusability of the oiled magnetic nanoparticles as a filter medium. Furthermore, a design inspired by gravity sand filter was presented in this paper as a proof of concept and potential application.

Pretreatment of Textile Processing Wastewaters

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Tünay ◽  
O. Tameroǧlu ◽  
N. Baykal ◽  
F. Afşarünal ◽  
E. Ödemiş
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Textile Processing ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Chemical Coagulation ◽  
Actual Treatment ◽  
Investment Cost ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
One Year

In this paper, the pretreatment approaches in the textile processing industry are discussed and two case studies which have been carried out in two textile processing plants are delineated. Case studies include the phases of process and pollution profiles, treatability study, conceptual design and evaluation of one-year actual treatment plant performances. One of the treatment schemes applied was chemical coagulation while the other was activated sludge. Therefore a comparison of two main types of pretreatment has been realised. Results indicate that biological treatment is more efficient and reliable in terms of organic matter removal as compared to chemical coagulation. Comparisons of cost of initial investment, cost and ease of operation, and sludge production are also made and discussed.

Non-point pollution of Ishikari River, Hokkaido, Japan

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tachibana ◽  
K. Yamamoto ◽  
K. Yoshizawa ◽  
Y. Magara
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Matter ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Snow Melting ◽  
Organic Matters ◽  
Stable Period ◽  
Melting Period ◽  
One Year ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Point Pollution ◽  
Flooding Period

We researched the Ishikari river, Japan's second-longest river, to clarify the characteristics of non-point pollution by comparing flux characteristics of chemical components in three periods of one year: the snow melting period, the typhoon flooding period and the stable period. We found non-point pollutants present in great amounts because a large amount of suspended matter, which is contained in soil, flows into the river and concentrations of nutrients and organic matters do not decrease in a short time in the flooding period by rain and in the snow melting period.

Experience with Two-Stage Activated Sludge Plants for Industrial Wastewaters in Korea

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 427-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Schulze-Rettmer ◽  
S. S. Kim ◽  
S. S. Son
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Industrial Wastewaters ◽  
Textile Dyeing ◽  
One Year

The two-stage activated sludge process (AB-process, i.e. adsorption activated sludge process) invented by Boehnke was successfully applied to several municipal and industrial wastewaters in Korea. The first large wastewater treatment plant for the combined effluents of 22 textile dyeing companies was constructed in Taegu and started operation in 1989. Two years earlier pilot plant runs were performed. The AB-process proved to be superior to any other activated sludge process. BOD was reduced from 1200 mg/l down to 24 mg/l. In the meantime in Korea several further AB-process treatment plants were constructed, the overall planning and constructing period being not longer than one year.

Nutrient removal in subsurface flow constructed wetlands for application in sensitive regions

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Rustige ◽  
Chr. Platzer
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Filter Medium ◽  
Water Filter ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Reed Bed ◽  
One Year ◽  
Performance Rate ◽  
Filter Bed

One of the most interesting sites for research on CWs in Germany has been established in Wiedersberg (Saxonia). The multi-stage concept with primary settling, vertical and horizontal flow reed bed followed by UV-disinfection and a special phosphorus filter bed, allows numerous ways of operation and investigations. Denitrification can be improved by recirculation through VF bed and sedimentation tank or by means of adding carbonaceous water from the primary stage to a second level within the VFB or directly to the following HF bed. In order to investigate the efficiency of P-elimination four kinds of natural sands containing different amounts of iron have been used. To maintain a long-term capacity for P-reduction an additional filter bed is filled with gravelly sand which had been used for the precipitation of iron from drinking water before. After saturating with P this filter medium can be exchanged easily. A result of more than one year of operation is the high performance rate for adsorption of phosphorus by enriched iron on drinking water filter sand. At a total loading rate of 350 g P/m3 filter medium 250 g P/m3 have been adsorbed. Design considerations can not be given yet. The median denitrification rate at VFB is 1.3 g N m-2d-1 and at HFB is 0.25 g Nm-2d-1. The low denitrifcation rate of HFB might be due to a very high quota of wastewater dilution by storm- and ground-water of 100 to 200 percent. The investigations on this wastewater treatment plant will be continued until June 2001 and experiments with filter columns will be added.

Improvement of existing nightsoil treatment plant for nitrogen removal

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 273-279
Author(s):  
B.S. Lim ◽  
J.U. Kim ◽  
H.D. Park
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Oxidation Ditch ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Operation And Maintenance ◽  
One Year ◽  
Efficiency Rate

This study was performed to increase the treatment efficiency and to reduce operation and maintenance costs of the existing nightsoil treatment plant. The existing nightsoil plant was not established by the nitrogen removal process, and was operated ineffectively with deterioration of treatment efficiency rate, and according to the demand of many operators, the expenses of operation and maintenance have become excessive. Modified plant has been changed through two steps. The first step, liquid decayed tank using closed oxidation ditch is operated to increase retention time only for nitrification. The second step, modified liquid decayed tank including anoxic tank is operated, it has an excellent nitrogen removal rate. In first step, when HRT was increased from 10 days to 13 days in liquid decayed tank including aeration tank using closed oxidation ditch, TN concentration of effluent appeared below 51 mg/l less than discharge limit, 60 mg/L. In second step, when anoxic tank and oxic tank were installed, HRT has been increased to 13 days and 26 days, respectively. Then average TN concentration of effluent was detected less than 13 mg/L for over one year. The simple process modified the existing two processes resulted in the reduction of costs for operation and maintenance in the personnel, chemical, and filter change sphere.

Simulation of the wastewater temperature in sewers with TEMPEST

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 1809-1815 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Dürrenmatt ◽  
Oskar Wanner
Keyword(s):  
User Interfaces ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Interactive Simulation ◽  
Wastewater Discharge ◽  
Sewer Pipe ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Balance Equations ◽  
Surrounding Soil

TEMPEST is a new interactive simulation program for the estimation of the wastewater temperature in sewers. Intuitive graphical user interfaces assist the user in managing data, performing calculations and plotting results. The program calculates the dynamics and longitudinal spatial profiles of the wastewater temperature in sewer lines. Interactions between wastewater, sewer air and surrounding soil are modeled in TEMPEST by mass balance equations, rate expressions found in the literature and a new empirical model of the airflow in the sewer. TEMPEST was developed as a tool which can be applied in practice, i.e., it requires as few input data as possible. These data include the upstream wastewater discharge and temperature, geometric and hydraulic parameters of the sewer, material properties of the sewer pipe and surrounding soil, ambient conditions, and estimates of the capacity of openings for air exchange between sewer and environment. Based on a case study it is shown how TEMPEST can be applied to estimate the decrease of the downstream wastewater temperature caused by heat recovery from the sewer. Because the efficiency of nitrification strongly depends on the wastewater temperature, this application is of practical relevance for situations in which the sewer ends at a nitrifying wastewater treatment plant.

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