Non-point pollution of Ishikari River, Hokkaido, Japan

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tachibana ◽  
K. Yamamoto ◽  
K. Yoshizawa ◽  
Y. Magara
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Matter ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Snow Melting ◽  
Organic Matters ◽  
Stable Period ◽  
Melting Period ◽  
One Year ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Point Pollution ◽  
Flooding Period

We researched the Ishikari river, Japan's second-longest river, to clarify the characteristics of non-point pollution by comparing flux characteristics of chemical components in three periods of one year: the snow melting period, the typhoon flooding period and the stable period. We found non-point pollutants present in great amounts because a large amount of suspended matter, which is contained in soil, flows into the river and concentrations of nutrients and organic matters do not decrease in a short time in the flooding period by rain and in the snow melting period.

scholarly journals Tracking the Evolution of Riverbed Morphology on the Basis of UAV Photogrammetry

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 829
Author(s):  
Teresa Gracchi ◽  
Guglielmo Rossi ◽  
Carlo Tacconi Stefanelli ◽  
Luca Tanteri ◽  
Rolando Pozzani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Detection Analysis ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Fluvial Dynamics ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
One Year ◽  
Short Time

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry has recently become a widespread technique to investigate and monitor the evolution of different types of natural processes. Fluvial geomorphology is one of such fields of application where UAV potentially assumes a key role, since it allows for overcoming the intrinsic limits of satellite and airborne-based optical imagery on one side, and in situ traditional investigations on the other. The main purpose of this paper was to obtain extensive products (digital terrain models (DTMs), orthophotos, and 3D models) in a short time, with low costs and at a high resolution, in order to verify the capability of this technique to analyze the active geomorphic processes on a 12 km long stretch of the French–Italian Roia River at both large and small scales. Two surveys, one year apart from each other, were carried out over the study area and a change detection analysis was performed on the basis of the comparison of the obtained DTMs to point out and characterize both the possible morphologic variations related to fluvial dynamics and modifications in vegetation coverage. The results highlight how the understanding of different fluvial processes may be improved by appropriately exploiting UAV-based products, which can thus represent a low-cost and non-invasive tool to crucially support decisionmakers involved in land management practices.

scholarly journals Biogeophysical impacts of peatland forestation on regional climate changes in Finland

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 7251-7267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Gao ◽  
T. Markkanen ◽  
L. Backman ◽  
H. M. Henttonen ◽  
J.-P. Pietikäinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Surface Albedo ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Snow Melting ◽  
Melting Period

Abstract. Land cover changes can impact the climate by influencing the surface energy and water balance. Naturally treeless or sparsely treed peatlands were extensively drained to stimulate forest growth in Finland over the second half of 20th century. The aim of this study is to investigate the biogeophysical effects of peatland forestation on regional climate in Finland. Two sets of 18-year climate simulations were done with the regional climate model REMO by using land cover data based on pre-drainage (1920s) and post-drainage (2000s) Finnish national forest inventories. In the most intensive peatland forestation area, located in the middle west of Finland, the results show a warming in April of up to 0.43 K in monthly-averaged daily mean 2 m air temperature, whereas a slight cooling from May to October of less than 0.1 K in general is found. Consequently, snow clearance days over that area are advanced up to 5 days in the mean of 15 years. No clear signal is found for precipitation. Through analysing the simulated temperature and energy balance terms, as well as snow depth over five selected subregions, a positive feedback induced by peatland forestation is found between decreased surface albedo and increased surface air temperature in the snow-melting period. Our modelled results show good qualitative agreements with the observational data. In general, decreased surface albedo in the snow-melting period and increased evapotranspiration in the growing period are the most important biogeophysical aspects induced by peatland forestation that cause changes in climate. The results from this study can be further integrally analysed with biogeochemical effects of peatland forestation to provide background information for adapting future forest management to mitigate climate warming effects. Moreover, they provide insights about the impacts of projected forestation of tundra at high latitudes due to climate change.

scholarly journals PERAMALAN HARGA TERNAK SAPI BERDASARKAN INDEKS PERUBAHAN HARGA

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Sasongko W Rusdianto
Keyword(s):  
Price Level ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Future Price ◽  
Average Price ◽  
Price Changes ◽  
Forecasting Method ◽  
One Year ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Production Decision

Cattle prices in Nusa Tenggara Barat tend to change in short time. It is difficult for farmers to predict price in the future. Price changes could affect farmers income. Therefore we need a method by which farmers could predict the price in order to make production decision. The purpose of this study was to predict of price based on the average price level for one year. This study used secondary data of cattle prices monthly, patterns of changes measured by index, then performed statistical analysis. The results of this study shows that the forecasting method used is only relevant to the pattern of price changes with a relatively similar pattern in a specified period. Price changes caused by external factors will have different pattern and causes greater deviation, so it can not be used to predict the price of cattles in NTB.

THE CROSS-VENTILATED TUNNEL SMOKEHOUSE

1946 ◽  
Vol 24f (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
E. P. Linton ◽  
A. L. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Steam Consumption ◽  
The Cross ◽  
One Year ◽  
Short Time

A tunnel smokehouse with an output of 3000 lb. of smoked fillets per nine hour day has been in operation about one year. The temperature, relative humidity, and smoke velocity are controlled at optimum values independent of climatic conditions. Hence the colour and shrinkage of the product may be standardized and losses from cooking and dropping of the fish avoided. The relatively short time of smoking of two to three hours reduces spoilage of the fish to a minimum with resulting improvement in quality. Power and steam consumption have been kept as low as feasible.

scholarly journals Influence of Wastewater Discharge on the Occurrence of PBTC, HEDP, and Aminophosphonates in Sediment, Suspended Matter, and the Aqueous Phase of Rivers

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 803
Author(s):  
Eduard Rott ◽  
Oliver Happel ◽  
Dominic Armbruster ◽  
Ralf Minke
Keyword(s):  
Phosphonic Acid ◽  
Suspended Matter ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Large River ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Methylphosphonic Acid ◽  
Wastewater Discharge ◽  
Adsorption Affinity ◽  
One Year

Sediment, suspended matter (SM), and water of a large river (Neckar; River1) and a small river (Körsch; River2) were analyzed for the phosphonates 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (PBTC), 1-hydroxyethylidene (1,1-diphosphonic acid) (HEDP), aminotris (methylphosphonic acid) (ATMP), ethylenediaminetetra (methylene phosphonic acid) (EDTMP), and diethylenetriaminepenta (methylene phosphonic acid) (DTPMP). Ten samplings were performed at intervals of one to two months during one year, each covering the relevant matrices before and behind the discharge point of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). In River1, the total concentration of dissolved phosphonate did not change significantly (2.4–5.8 µg/L before vs. 2.5–6.6 µg/L behind WWTP; p = 0.9360). In River2, it increased significantly from <0.1–1.6 µg/L to 19–39 µg/L (p < 0.0001). Based on the median, the total phosphonate load in River1 sediment increased 1.9-fold (6.7–29.4 mg/kg before vs. 17.8–53.5 mg/kg behind WWTP; p = 0.0033) and in River2 by a factor of eight (1.8–5.0 mg/kg before vs. 18.1–51.4 mg/kg behind WWTP; p < 0.0001). This indicates that phosphonates discharged by WWTPs adsorb onto solid particles and accumulate in the sediment. In the case of River2, the SM load could reach values of 1000–1710 mg/kg behind the WWTP, presumably due to the introduction of insufficiently retained activated sludge particles of >2000 mg/kg phosphonate loads. In general, the nitrogen-free phosphonates PBTC and HEDP were most predominant in both dissolved and adsorbed form, of which HEDP had the highest adsorption affinity.

THE ECOLOGY AND LIFE HISTORY OF RETUSA OBTUSA (MONTAGU) (GASTROPODA, OPISTHOBRANCHIA)

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tyrell Smith
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Span ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Protandrous Hermaphrodite ◽  
History Of ◽  
Natural Breeding ◽  
One Year ◽  
Short Time

The habitat, diet, life history, and reproductive cycle of Retusa obtusa were investigated over a period of [Formula: see text] years in a population found in the Inner Harbour at Barry, Glamorgan, U.K. A technique was devised for extracting Retusa from the mud of this area. R. obtusa occurs in the topmost 3.5 cm of fine mud covering Barry harbor, which is immersed by the sea for only a short time at each high tide. The principal prey was found to be Hydrobia ulvae.The life cycle was found to be annual, the adults dying in spring, following the natural breeding season. Occasionally, a short extra breeding period occurs in the fall. The life span in no case greatly exceeded one year. Retusa is a protandrous hermaphrodite, and copulates in the fall. The eggs mature through the late fall and the winter, a few at a time, until oviposition occurs in the spring. The average number of eggs produced per individual was 33, deposited in 1–4 egg batches. Development is direct.

Precursors and triggers of an alpine rockslide in Japan: the 2004 partial collapse during a snow-melting period

Landslides ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoko Nishii ◽  
Norikazu Matsuoka ◽  
Hiromu Daimaru ◽  
Masatsugu Yasuda
Keyword(s):  
Snow Melting ◽  
Melting Period

scholarly journals Evaluation of Seismic Events Occurred after Filling and Drawdown of the Reservoir at Song Tranh 2 HPP in Vietnam

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Nghia Quoc Trinh ◽  
Krishna Kanta Panthi
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Induced Earthquakes ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Earthquake Scenarios ◽  
Rcc Dam ◽  
Future Earthquake ◽  
Using Data ◽  
One Year ◽  
Short Time

Reservoir-induced earthquakes are a challenging issue for hydropower, and have occurred at many sites around the world. However, each event is unique in itself and depends on the geo-tectonics and geo-hydrology of the area in which the event is situated. This article focuses on seismic events at the Song Tranh 2 hydropower project located in Quang Nam province, Vietnam. The construction of the 96 meter high Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) dam of this project was completed in August 2011. Approximately one year after commissioning, the dam began experiencing a serious leakage problem through the dam body. In addition, a series of earthquakes occurred near the project area, and continued for several months. The high intensity and magnitude of the earthquakes caused damage to the project and promoted fear among the local people living in the downstream valley. The issues drew significant media attention and thousands of articles about this project were written within a short time. As a result, dam authorities have been subject to extreme public pressure.This paper describes the earthquake events and difficult situation that both the local population and authorities faced in its aftermath. In addition, we analyze seismic events qualitatively,using data and information on the water filling and drawdown processes. Our analysis provides an insight into these seismic events, as we reconstruct the earthquake scenarios and test a hypothesis of earthquake occurrence. Future earthquake activities are also predicted and compared.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v15i0.11285HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water, Energy and EnvironmentVolume: 15, 2014, JulyPage: 16-20

scholarly journals Issues In Teaching Speaking In Bilingual Class

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Mildan Arsdan Fidinillah
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Literacy Instruction ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Cluster Method ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
One Year ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia ◽  
Speaking Skills

<p><strong></strong> Students who study in bilingual class are expected to have the ability of speaking English as well as Indonesian. This study looks at the learning steps in teaching speaking English in bilingual class that claimed their students are able to speak fluently in English within one year. The research data was taken from two bilingual classes at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri (MIN) Ciputat, South Tangerang City, Banten. The sample of this study were 20 bilingual class students from class 6. The instruments of the research are questionnaire and class observation. Questionnaire is given to the teachers related to their methods in teaching speaking, class observation is done to see the ability of students in speaking. This research is limited only to the teaching steps of English speaking in the bilingual class. The results of this study indicates that by practicing the cluster method carried out by the teacher, the students' speaking skills improved significantly in a short time</p><p> </p><p><em> </em></p><p><em>Key Words: </em><em>Bilingual, </em><em>monoligual, literacy instruction, </em></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em>RINGKASAN</em></strong></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em>Siswa yang belajar dikelas bilingual ddiharapkan mempunyai kemampuan berbicara bahasa Inggris sebaik bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian ini mencari tahu langkah-langkah pembelajaran yang terkait dengan kemampuan berbicara bahasa Inggris di kelas bilingual yang mengklaim siswanya dapat lancer berbicara bahasa Inggris dalam waktu satu tahun. Data-data penelitian  diambil dari dua kelas bilingual di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri (MIN) Ciputat Kota Tangerang Selatan Banten. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 20 siswa kelas bilingual yang berasal dari kelas 6. Instrument dari penelitian ini adalah angket dan observasi kelas. Angket diberikan kepada guru untuk melihat metode mengajar yang terkait dengan kemampuan berbicara, observasi kelas dilakukan untuk melihat sejauh mana kemampuan berbicara bahasa Inggris siswa. Penelitian ini dibatasi hanya pada langkah-langkah pengajaran berbicarabahasa Inggris dikelas bilingual. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa dengan mempraktekan metode kluster yang dilakukan oleh guru, kemampuan berbicara siswa dapat meningkat secara signifikan dalam waktu yang relatif singkat   </em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em>K</em><em>ata Kunci: </em><em>Dwi bahasa, </em><em>bahasa tunggal, instruksi lisan</em></p>

scholarly journals The Role Of Turkish Central Bank During And After The 2008-Financial Crises

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Ayhan Guney
Keyword(s):  
Central Bank ◽  
Financial Crises ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Fiscal Policies ◽  
Monetary Policies ◽  
The World ◽  
One Year ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Time Spread

The Global Financial Crises occurred at the end of 2008, and in very short time, spread to all sectors of economy.All countries were badly hit by the crises and the World economies shrank almost $50 trillion, the equivalent of one year of world GDP.During the process, especially the banking sectors of the world economies was smashed, and many banks and financial institutions bankrupted and some others liquidated such as Lehman Brothers. All countries took the drastic fiscal and monetary measures to overcome the global crises. So, this paper focuses on the functions of central banks asking that what the role of central banks to cope with the global crises was, and thus omits the side of fiscal policies implemented by different countries.It especially discusses the role of Turkish Central Bank and its monetary policies during and after the 2008-Global Financial Crises. What was the achievement of the measures taken and the monetary policies implemented by Turkish Central Bank during and after the financial crises?

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