scholarly journals Source and Mobilization Mechanism of Iron, Manganese and Arsenic in Groundwater of Shuangliao City, Northeast China

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihao Zhang ◽  
Changlai Xiao ◽  
Oluwafemi Adeyeye ◽  
Weifei Yang ◽  
Xiujuan Liang
Keyword(s):  
Northeast China ◽  
Manganese Nodules ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Arsenic In Groundwater ◽  
Fe And Mn ◽  
Manganese Minerals ◽  
Iron Manganese ◽  
Songliao Plain ◽  
Iron And Manganese

Excessive levels of Fe, Mn and As are the main factors affecting groundwater quality in Songliao plain, northeast China. However, there are few studies on the source and mobilization mechanisms of Fe, Mn and As in the groundwater of Northeastern China. This study takes Shuangliao city in the middle of Songliao plain as an example, where the source and mobilization mechanisms of iron, manganese and arsenic in groundwater in the study area were analyzed by statistical methods and spatial analysis. The results show that the source of Fe and Mn in the groundwater of the platform is the iron and manganese nodules in the clay layer, while, in the river valley plain, it originates from the soil and the whole aquifer. The TDS, fluctuation in groundwater levels and the residence time are the important factors affecting the content of Fe and Mn in groundwater. The dissolution of iron and manganese minerals causes arsenic adsorbed on them to be released into groundwater. This study provides a basis for the rational utilization of groundwater and protection of people’s health in areas with high iron, manganese and arsenic contents.

Different Filter Material on the Northeast Biological Iron Manganese Removal Effect of Groundwater in the Countryside

2014 ◽  
Vol 522-524 ◽  
pp. 465-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Liu ◽  
Hui Lan Zhang ◽  
Kun You ◽  
Ya Shu Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Volcanic Rock ◽  
Quartz Sand ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Filter Material ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Manganese Removal ◽  
Iron Manganese ◽  
Iron And Manganese

Experimental study on the manganese sand, magnetite, quartz sand, ceramsite, volcanic rock in northeast China five different filter material of groundwater, and the effects of biological iron and manganese removal. Test results show that the effect of 4 kinds of filter material in addition to iron and manganese in turn is: manganese sand > magnetite > quartz sand > ceramsite.

scholarly journals A Quantitative Analysis of Factors Influencing Organic Matter Concentration in the Topsoil of Black Soil in Northeast China Based on Spatial Heterogeneous Patterns

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 348
Author(s):  
Zhenbo Du ◽  
Bingbo Gao ◽  
Cong Ou ◽  
Zhenrong Du ◽  
Jianyu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Rainfed Farming ◽  
Study Results

Black soil is fertile, abundant with organic matter (OM) and is exceptional for farming. The black soil zone in northeast China is the third-largest black soil zone globally and produces a quarter of China’s commodity grain. However, the soil organic matter (SOM) in this zone is declining, and the quality of cultivated land is falling off rapidly due to overexploitation and unsustainable management practices. To help develop an integrated protection strategy for black soil, this study aimed to identify the primary factors contributing to SOM degradation. The geographic detector, which can detect both linear and nonlinear relationships and the interactions based on spatial heterogeneous patterns, was used to quantitatively analyze the natural and anthropogenic factors affecting SOM concentration in northeast China. In descending order, the nine factors affecting SOM are temperature, gross domestic product (GDP), elevation, population, soil type, precipitation, soil erosion, land use, and geomorphology. The influence of all factors is significant, and the interaction of any two factors enhances their impact. The SOM concentration decreases with increased temperature, population, soil erosion, elevation and terrain undulation. SOM rises with increased precipitation, initially decreases with increasing GDP but then increases, and varies by soil type and land use. Conclusions about detailed impacts are presented in this paper. For example, wind erosion has a more significant effect than water erosion, and irrigated land has a lower SOM content than dry land. Based on the study results, protection measures, including conservation tillage, farmland shelterbelts, cross-slope ridges, terraces, and rainfed farming are recommended. The conversion of high-quality farmland to non-farm uses should be prohibited.

Isotherm of exchange of nickel and sodium cations on iron-manganese nodules

2006 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
pp. 1091-1095
Author(s):  
D. E. Chikrst ◽  
O. V. Cheremisina ◽  
M. V. Ivanov ◽  
A. A. Chistyakov ◽  
I. T. Zhadovskii
Keyword(s):  
Manganese Nodules ◽  
Sodium Cations ◽  
Iron Manganese

Properties of Iron-Manganese Nodules from a Sequence of Eroded Fragipan Soils

1993 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 1386-1392 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. Rhoton ◽  
J. M. Bigham ◽  
D. G. Schulze
Keyword(s):  
Manganese Nodules ◽  
Iron Manganese

scholarly journals Effectiveness of caporite to reduce concentration of iron and mangan in Ciliwung river water as raw water PDAM

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Nadhila Aulia Dwiputri ◽  
Mia Azizah ◽  
Nurlela Nurlela
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Iron Manganese ◽  
Manganese Level ◽  
Iron And Manganese

The water of the Ciliwung river used as raw water for PDAM Depok contains iron and manganese, which levels were quite high and exceeded the quality standard. The purposes of the research are to determine the effectiveness of caporite to reduce levels of iron and manganese to reach levels that meet the standards of Government Regulation Number 82 of 2001. The sample used in this study was the water of the Ciliwung river used as a source of raw water for PDAM Depok with two different water treatment plant (WTP) locations, location 1 in Legong WTP and location 2 in Citayam WTP. Raw water was taken using a submersible water pump located at the bottom of the Ciliwung river. The analytical method used as a reference for determining iron levels was based on the FerroZine Rapid Liquid Method 1970, and for manganese levels was based on 1- (2-Pyridylazo) -2-Naphthol PAN Method 1977, both methods using the Spectrophotometric method. The results showed that iron and manganese levels were quite high, exceeding the standards of Government Regulation No.82 of 2001 with a maximum standard of iron content is 0.3 mg/L, and a maximum standard of manganese level is 0.1 mg/L. After adding a certain dose of chlorine to Ciliwung river water in the Legong and Citayam WTPs, it was found that chlorine effectively reduced Fe and Mn levels because it was able to reduce levels up to 80% and meet the quality standards.Keywords: Caporite, Iron, Manganese, Ciliwung River, RegulationABSTRAKEfektivitas kaporit untuk menurunkan kadar besi dan mangan dalam air sungai Ciliwung sebagai air baku PDAMAir sungai Ciliwung yang digunakan sebagai air baku PDAM Depok terdapat zat besi dan mangan dengan kadarnya cukup tinggi serta melebihi ambang baku mutu. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektivitas kaporit dalam menurunkan kadar besi dan mangan sehingga memenuhi standar baku mutu Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 82 Tahun 2001 untuk kelas 1. Sampel air yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini diambil dari 2 titik lokasi Instalasi Pengolahan Air (IPA) yang berbeda, yaitu  dari IPA Legong dan  IPA Citayam. Sampel air baku diambil dengan menggunakan pompa air submersible (pompa celup) yang berada di dasar sungai Ciliwung. Penelitian dilakukan dengan eksperimen jar test di laboratorium. Metode analisis untuk menentukan kadar besi  mengacu pada FerroZine Rapid Liquid Method tahun 1970 dan mangan berdasarkan 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-Napthol PAN Method tahun 1977 dengan menggunakan metode Spektrofotometri. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kadar besi dan mangan yang cukup tinggi hingga melebihi standar yang telah ditetapkan dalam PP No.82 Tahun 2001 dengan kadar Fe maksimal 0,3 mg/L dan kadar Mn maksimal 0,1 mg/L. Setelah dilakukan penambahan bahan kimia kaporit ke dalam sampel air sungai Ciliwung  dari  IPA Legong dan Citayam, dengan dosis 10 mg/L untuk penurunan Fe dan 30 mg/L untuk penurunan Mn dapat efektif menurunkan konsentrasi Fe dan Mn  hingga 80%, dan memenuhi  standar baku mutu yang digunakan.Kata Kunci: Kaporit, Besi, Mangan, Sungai Ciliwung, Baku Mutu

scholarly journals On iron flagellates

1946 ◽  
Vol 232 (588) ◽  
pp. 311-342 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Substances ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Brown Colour ◽  
Fe And Mn ◽  
Iron Deposits ◽  
Manganese Compounds ◽  
Small Content ◽  
Iron And Manganese

The physiology and morphology of iron- and manganese-depositing flagellates are investigated by means of cultural experiments, with special reference to Anthophysa vegetans Stein, Siderodendron manganiferum n.gen., n.sp., Siphomonas Fritschii n.gen., n.sp. and Bikosoeca ( Poteriodendron ) petiolata (Stein) n.comb. Anthophysa multiplies in various liquid media containing small amounts of organic substances, hay decoction being specially favourable. Still better results are achieved with soil-water cultures, which afford the only successful cultures of Siderodendron and Siphomonas , while Bikosoeca also grows well in hay infusions. Addition of Fe" and Mn" is essential. The brown colour of biological iron deposits is shown to be due to admixture of manganese compounds, while mere ferric precipitates are in microscopical amounts almost colourless. Anthophysa and Siderodendron deposit more manganese than iron, so that their stalks appear brown, while those of Siphomonas are generally light brown. The envelopes of Bikosoeca are almost entirely composed of ferric compounds and appear colourless or faintly yellowish. All four organisms exhibit various modifications according to the habitat conditions. The formation of stalks and envelopes respectively depends on the availability of the relevant metals in the form of lower oxides, but the organisms here described can also exist without producing these structures. The oxidation of ferrous and manganese compounds is catalysed by the cells of these flagellates, although the role of this process in the cellular metabolism is not known. Nutrition is holozoic, chiefly by ingestion of bacteria. Like other holozoic flagellates these organisms cannot exist in the presence of an abundant bacterial vegetation owing to the resulting lack of oxygen. They thrive in quiet, well-aerated waters, with a small content of organic substances, above zones in which Fe and Mn compounds are reduced and from which ferrous and manganous compounds diffuse to the overlying oxidation zone, where these flagellates deposit Fe"' and Mn'" in a morphologically defined form. ‘Iron’ flagellates generally live in association and competition with iron bacteria of the Leptothrix group, the removal of which produces much better growth. A description of the relevant flagellates and of their appearance under various conditions, as well as diagnoses of Siderodendron and Siphomonas , are given.

Occurrence and Significance of Iron, Manganese, and Titanium in Glacial Marine Sediments from the Estuary of the St. Lawrence River

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2327-2347 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Loring ◽  
D. J. G. Nota
Keyword(s):  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Lawrence Estuary ◽  
Elemental Ratios ◽  
Physicochemical Conditions ◽  
Sediment Size ◽  
Fe And Mn ◽  
St Lawrence Estuary ◽  
Iron Manganese ◽  
Significant Chemical

In glacial marine sediments from the St. Lawrence estuary, iron varies between 1.32 and 5.42%, manganese between 0.043 and 0.28%, and titanium between 0.31 and 0.64%. The regional distributions of these elements are related to sediment texture. Analyses of individual sediment size-fractions show that Fe, Mn, and Ti concentrations generally increase with decreasing grain size. Variations in elemental ratios between the different grades suggests that not all of the Fe and Mn is located in detrital silicate minerals. Dithionite extraction of selected sediments resulted in preferential dissolution of 3–16% of the total iron, presumably that derived from amorphous and crystalline iron oxides and from sorbed material.Hydroxylamine–hydrochloride removed 5–60% of the total manganese, presumably that derived from exchangeable Mn, easily reducible Mn oxides, and sorbed Mn material. The soluble fraction is highest in freshly deposited pelites from the center of the estuary. Soluble Fe and Mn occur as oxide films on the particles deposited from suspension, and the amount held depends on rate of deposition and on the physicochemical conditions in the waters and in the sediments. In contrast, Ti occurs in detrital minerals and accumulates at the same rate as detrital sedimentary material. It is unaffected by environmental changes. This investigation shows that, despite the derivation of the sedimentary material from the Canadian Shield predominantly by nonchemical erosional processes, small but significant chemical modification of iron- and manganese-bearing material is taking place in response to present physicochemical conditions.

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