scholarly journals Benefits of Water-Harvesting Systems (Jessour) on Soil Water Retention in Southeast Tunisia

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Calianno ◽  
Jean-Michel Fallot ◽  
Tarek Ben Fraj ◽  
Hédi Ben Ouezdou ◽  
Emmanuel Reynard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Soil Moisture Sensors ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Southeast Tunisia ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Village

In this paper, we quantify the water balance of Jessour at the scale of agricultural plots. Jessour (plural of Jesr) are ancestral hydro-agricultural systems in the Dahar plateau (southeastern Tunisia). They consist of small dams built across wadis and gullies, which retain rainwater and sediments, hence enabling cropping. Despite arid climate conditions, Jessour allow the culture of the olive tree beyond its ecological limits. Weather monitoring stations were set up and soil moisture sensors installed down to a depth of 1.25 m in the soil in two neighboring gullies in the village of Zammour: one with a Jesr and one without. Laser granulometry and organic matter analyses were carried out on samples collected near the soil moisture sensors. Measurements were recorded from 28 September 2017 to 21 September 2018. From 10 to 12 November 2017, the region received 123.3 mm rainfall. The Jesr retained the equivalent of 410.3 mm of soil moisture to a depth of 1.25 m whereas the value in the gully was 224.6 mm. Throughout the summer of 2018, the soil available water capacity (AWC) remained above 55 mm in the Jesr, while it dropped to zero in the gully. Jessour are thus very suitable hydro-agricultural systems to face the climate changes concerning this fragile region, located in the transition zone between the semi-arid to arid Mediterranean region and the Sahara.

scholarly journals Evaluation of compost influence on soil water retention

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Zemánek
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Soil Moisture Sensors ◽  
Water Property ◽  
Compost Application ◽  
Soil Moisture Retention ◽  
Positive Effect

The experiment was focused on evaluation of influence of compost application on soil water retention. Soil retention is a major soil water property that governs soil functioning as a ecosystem. Soil moisture forms a major buffer against flooding, and water capacity in subsoil is a major factor for plant growth. The effects of changes in soil water retention depend on the proportions of the textural components and the amount of organic carbon present in the soil. During seasons of 2009 and 2010, experiments at two sites of different soil conditions prepared by addition of compost doses of 50 and 100 t.ha−1 were carried out. Changes of humidity were continuously monitored and recorded by soil moisture sensors. Results showed that application of compost of above mentioned doses positively affected water retention of the soil. Organic matter, applied at the above mentioned amount has a positive effect on soil moisture retention, regardless of possible influence of soil type, grassing and amount of rainfalls. Outcomes of experiment become bases for recommended compost doses as well as for technical proposal of compost application processes.

scholarly journals Hydrologic feasibility of artificial forestation in the semi-arid Loess Plateau of China

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 653-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. T. Jin ◽  
B. J. Fu ◽  
G. H. Liu ◽  
Z. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Arid And Semiarid

Abstract. Hydrologic viability in terms of moisture availability is fundamental for ecosystem sustainability in arid and semiarid regions. This study was conducted to examine the regional scale and after-planting variations of soil moisture for planted Black Locust tree (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) plantations in the Loess Plateau of China. 30 sites spanning for 300 km long and 190 km wide in the Northern Shaanxi Province were selected in all. On the regional scale, SMC spatial variability was most closely correlated to rainfall. A large amount of herbaceous cover helped increase the moisture level in the topsoil (0–10 cm), and soil moisture in the deeper layer between 20 and 60 cm below the surface was mostly affected by plantations. The after planting SMC of artificial plantations in areas with sufficient precipitation (mean annual precipitation (MAP) 617 mm) may increase with stand age due to soil water-holding capacity and soil water retention ability improvements after planting. For areas in water shortage (MAP 509 mm), evapotranspiration caused the soil of the plantation to dry up in the first 20 years of growth. Then as the plantation aged, evapotranspiration decreased, and the soil profile recovered gradually. In areas where water was extremely lacking, soil moisture was too rare to be used by trees, and after-planting SMC variation with stand age was insignificant. For the sustainability of artificial ecosystem, the construction of artificial plantations needs to be thoroughly evaluated on regional scale based on the climate conditions (especially rainfall) and soil moisture conditions in arid and semiarid areas.

PROTOTIPE APLIKASI PENYIRAMAN TANAMAN MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR KELEMBABAN TANAH BERBASIS MICRO CONTOLLER ATMEGA 328

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
Rudi Budi Agung ◽  
Muhammad Nur ◽  
Didi Sukayadi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Sensor Development ◽  
Soil Moisture Sensor ◽  
Application Systems ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Working Principle

The Indonesian country which is famous for its tropical climate has now experienced a shift in two seasons (dry season and rainy season). This has an impact on cropping and harvesting systems among farmers. In large scale this is very influential considering that farmers in Indonesia are stilldependent on rainfall which results in soil moisture. Some types of plants that are very dependent on soil moisture will greatly require rainfall or water for growth and development. Through this research, researchers tried to make a prototype application for watering plants using ATMEGA328 microcontroller based soil moisture sensor. Development of application systems using the prototype method as a simple method which is the first step and can be developed again for large scale. The working principle of this prototype is simply that when soil moisture reaches a certainthreshold (above 56%) then the system will work by activating the watering system, if it is below 56% the system does not work or in other words soil moisture is considered sufficient for certain plant needs.

scholarly journals Impact of Air Infiltration on IAQ and Ventilation Efficiency in Higher Educational Classrooms in Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6875
Author(s):  
Irene Poza-Casado ◽  
Raquel Gil-Valverde ◽  
Alberto Meiss ◽  
Miguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos
Keyword(s):  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Air Infiltration ◽  
Ventilation Efficiency ◽  
Educational Buildings ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Total Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
The Impact

Indoor air quality (IAQ) in educational buildings is a key element of the students’ well-being and academic performance. Window-opening behavior and air infiltration, generally used as the sole ventilation sources in existing educational buildings, often lead to unhealthy levels of indoor pollutants and energy waste. This paper evaluates the conditions of natural ventilation in classrooms in order to study how climate conditions affect energy waste. For that purpose, the impact of the air infiltration both on the IAQ and on the efficiency of the ventilation was evaluated in two university classrooms with natural ventilation in the Continental area of Spain. The research methodology was based on site sensors to analyze IAQ parameters such as CO2, Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC), Particulate Matter (PM), and other climate parameters for a week during the cold season. Airtightness was then assessed within the classrooms and the close built environment by means of pressurization tests, and infiltration rates were estimated. The obtained results were used to set up a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model to evaluate the age of the local air and the ventilation efficiency value. The results revealed that ventilation cannot rely only on air infiltration, and, therefore, specific controlled ventilation strategies should be implemented to improve IAQ and to avoid excessive energy loss.

scholarly journals Sustainable Ventilation Strategies for a Medium-Sized Space with Regional Effect

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4651
Author(s):  
Ming-Lun Alan Fong
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Regional Effect ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Ventilation Strategies ◽  
Set Up

The analysis of ventilation strategies is fundamentally affected by regional climate conditions and local cost databases, in terms of energy consumption, CO2 emission and cost-effective analysis. A systematic approach is covered in this paper to estimate a local economic and environmental impact on a medium-sized space located in two regions during supply-and-installation and operation phases. Three ventilation strategies, including mixing ventilation (MV), displacement ventilation (DV) and stratum ventilation (SV) were applied to medium-sized air-conditioned space with this approach. The trend of the results for three ventilation systems in the life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle cost (LCC) analysis is SV < DV < MV. The result of CO2 emission and regional LCC shows that SV is the lowest one in both regional studies. In comparison with the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) during 20 Service years, the case analysis demonstrates that the percentage differences in LCC analysis of MV, DV & SV in Guangdong are less than 20.5%, 19.4% and 18.82% respectively. Their CO2 emission of MV, DV and SV in Guangdong are more than HKSAR in 10.69%, 11.22% and 12.05%, respectively. The present study could provide information about regional effects in the LCA and LCC analysis of three ventilation strategies emissions, and thereby help set up models for decision-making on high efficiency and cost-effective ventilation strategy plans.

Performance of soil moisture sensors in gypsiferous and salt-affected soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 200-209
Author(s):  
Adil K. Salman ◽  
Saad E. Aldulaimy ◽  
Huthaifa J. Mohammed ◽  
Yaareb M. Abed
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Moisture Sensors ◽  
Salt Affected Soils

Decadal climate sensitivity of contouritic sedimentation in a dynamically coupled ice-ocean-sediment model of the Pan-Arctic region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Drinkorn ◽  
Jan Saynisch-Wagner ◽  
Gabriele Uenzelmann-Neben ◽  
Maik Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Meridional Overturning Circulation ◽  
Ocean Dynamics ◽  
Sedimentation Rates ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The North ◽  
Ocean Sediment ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Sediment Model

&lt;p&gt;Ocean sediment drifts contain important information about past bottom currents but a direct link from the study of sedimentary archives to ocean dynamics is not always possible. To close this gap for the North Atlantic, we set up a &amp;#160;new coupled Ice-Ocean-Sediment Model of the entire Pan-Arctic region. In order to evaluate the potential dynamics of the model, we conducted decadal sensitivity experiments. In our model contouritic sedimentation shows a significant sensitivity towards climate variability for most of the contourite drift locations in the model domain. We observe a general decrease of sedimentation rates during warm conditions with decreasing atmospheric and oceanic gradients and an extensive increase of sedimentation rates during cold conditions with respective increased gradients. We can relate these results to changes in the dominant bottom circulation supplying deep water masses to the contourite sites under different climate conditions. A better understanding of northern deep water pathways in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is crucial for evaluating possible consequences of climate change in the ocean.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Power Reduction with Sleep/Wake on Redundant Data (SWORD) in a Wireless Sensor Network for Energy-Efficient Precision Agriculture

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 3450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haider Jawad ◽  
Rosdiadee Nordin ◽  
Sadik Gharghan ◽  
Aqeel Jawad ◽  
Mahamod Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Power Reduction ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Redundant Data ◽  
Comparison Results

The use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in modern precision agriculture to monitor climate conditions and to provide agriculturalists with a considerable amount of useful information is currently being widely considered. However, WSNs exhibit several limitations when deployed in real-world applications. One of the challenges faced by WSNs is prolonging the life of sensor nodes. This challenge is the primary motivation for this work, in which we aim to further minimize the energy consumption of a wireless agriculture system (WAS), which includes air temperature, air humidity, and soil moisture. Two power reduction schemes are proposed to decrease the power consumption of the sensor and router nodes. First, a sleep/wake scheme based on duty cycling is presented. Second, the sleep/wake scheme is merged with redundant data about soil moisture, thereby resulting in a new algorithm called sleep/wake on redundant data (SWORD). SWORD can minimize the power consumption and data communication of the sensor node. A 12 V/5 W solar cell is embedded into the WAS to sustain its operation. Results show that the power consumption of the sensor and router nodes is minimized and power savings are improved by the sleep/wake scheme. The power consumption of the sensor and router nodes is improved by 99.48% relative to that in traditional operation when the SWORD algorithm is applied. In addition, data communication in the SWORD algorithm is minimized by 86.45% relative to that in the sleep/wake scheme. The comparison results indicate that the proposed algorithms outperform power reduction techniques proposed in other studies. The average current consumptions of the sensor nodes in the sleep/wake scheme and the SWORD algorithm are 0.731 mA and 0.1 mA, respectively.

scholarly journals Grasses and legumes as cover crop in no-tillage system in northeastern Pará Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Alves Teixeira ◽  
Tatiana Gazel Soares ◽  
Antonio Rodrigues Fernandes ◽  
Anderson Martins de Souza Braz
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Jack Bean ◽  
No Till ◽  
Matter Production

Studies to select one or more species of coverage plants adapted to Amazonian soil and climate conditions of the Amazon are a promising strategy for the improvement of environmental quality, establishing no-till agricultural systems, and thereby reducing the impacts of monoculture farming. The aim of this study was to assess the persistence time, half-life time, macronutrient content and accumulation, and C:N ratio of straw coverage in a Ultisol in northeastern Pará. Experimental design was randomized blocks with five treatments and five replicates. Plants were harvested after 105 days, growth and biomass production was quantified. After 84 days, soil coverage was 97, 85, 52, 50, and 15% for signalgrass (Brachiaria brizantha) (syn. Urochloa), dense crowngrass (Panicum purpurascens), jack bean (Canavalia ensiformes), pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea,), respectively. Signalgrass yielded the greatest dry matter production (9,696 kg ha-1). It also had high C:N ratio (38.4), long half-life (86.5 days) and a high persistence in the field. Jack bean also showed high dry matter production (8,950 kg ha-1), but it had low C:N ratio (17.4) and lower half-life time (39 days) than the grasses. These attributes indicate that signalgrass and jack bean have a high potential for use as cover plants in no-till agricultural systems in the State of Pará.

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