scholarly journals Implementing the Water Framework Directive and Tackling Diffuse Pollution from Agriculture: Lessons from England and Scotland

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura De Vito ◽  
Malcolm Fairbrother ◽  
Duncan Russel
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Water Framework Directive ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Diffuse Pollution ◽  
Meaningful Engagement ◽  
Open Question ◽  
National Governments ◽  
Institutional Fragmentation

Tackling diffuse pollution from agriculture is a key challenge for governments seeking to implement the European Union’s Water Framework Directive (WFD). In the research literature, how best to integrate and align effective measures for tackling diffuse pollution, within the context of the EU’s multilevel governance structure, remains an open question. This paper focuses on the first and second implementation cycles of the WFD to explore how national governance arrangements either facilitated or hindered the adoption of effective policies, especially with regards to the delivery of agricultural and water policies on the ground. It draws on data collected through systematic document analysis and interviews with key experts, policymakers and interest groups, and presents a comparative analysis of two case studies: England and Scotland. The case studies show that Scotland’s joined-up governance structure, which enabled policymakers and interest groups to work together and to build trust and cooperation, facilitated the adoption of stricter measures for tackling diffuse pollution. In contrast, in England institutional fragmentation prevented a meaningful engagement of all parties and acted as a barrier. The analysis unpacks the design of policy mixes and the conditions that allow national governments to pursue more holistic and integrated governance approaches to overcome opposition from interest groups and gain their support.

Asylum-seekers falsely implicating themselves in international crimes: Should they be informed of the existence of Article 1F of the Refugee Convention?

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-101
Author(s):  
Brian Moore ◽  
Joris van Wijk
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Refugee Convention ◽  
International Crimes ◽  
Refugee Claim ◽  
The Uk ◽  
National Governments

Case studies in the Netherlands and the UK of asylum applicants excluded or under consideration of exclusion pursuant to Article 1Fa of the Refugee Convention reveal that some applicants falsely implicated themselves in serious crimes or behaviours in order to enhance their refugee claim. This may have serious consequences for the excluded persons themselves, as well as for national governments dealing with them. For this reason we suggest immigration authorities could consider forewarning asylum applicants i.e. before their interview, about the existence, purpose and possible consequences of exclusion on the basis of Article 1F.

scholarly journals Which Diagnostic Approach Is More Valid? The DSM or the Rational-Choice Theory of Neurosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yacov Rofé
Keyword(s):  
Rational Choice ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Diagnostic Approach ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Integrate Research

<p>This article challenges the validity of the DSM-III to exclude neurosis, a decision that has led the DSM to become  “an expanding list of disease, from a few dozen disorders in the first edition to well over 200” (Grinker, 2010, p. 169; see also Warelow &amp; Holmes, 2011). It points out the unanimous consensus that the best diagnostic approach would be a theory that can account for the development and treatment of certain diagnostic categories and, at the same time, provide measurable criteria that can distinguish them from other behaviors. Accordingly, it shows that a new theory, the Rational-Choice Theory of Neurosis (RCTN) (Rofé, 2000, 2010, 2016; Rofé &amp; Rofé, 2013, 2015), which despite profound differences is similar to psychoanalysis in several fundamental respects, can offer practical diagnostic criteria that differentiate neurosis from other disorders. Three types of evidence, including a review of research literature, case studies and a new study that directly examined the validity of RCTN’s diagnostic criteria, support the validity of neurosis. The greatest advantage of RCTN’s diagnostic approach is not only is based on empirical evidence instead of the consensus of biased researchers. Rather, their main contribution is that it emerged out of a theory that succeeded to integrate research and clinical data pertaining to the development and treatment of neurosis.</p>

SMS and Civil Unrest

2019 ◽  
pp. 1102-1113
Author(s):  
Innocent Chiluwa
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Civil Unrest ◽  
General Overview ◽  
The World ◽  
National Governments

This chapter examines the roles of text messaging in organizing and mobilizing protests and social unrest. It gives a general overview of the various forms of protest behaviors, showing how and why social media and ICTs have enhanced protest planning and implementation by activists around the world. The chapter reviews current knowledge in research literature and describes and gives examples of types of responses to ICT communication networks by national governments during crises. It concludes with a hope that ICT-based initiatives and movements can achieve impactful social change despite skepticism among scholars on the contrary.

SMS & Civil Unrest

2018 ◽  
pp. 6275-6285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Innocent Chiluwa
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Civil Unrest ◽  
General Overview ◽  
The World ◽  
National Governments

This entry examines the roles of text messaging in organizing and mobilizing protests and social unrest. It gives a general overview of the various forms of protest behaviors, showing how and why social media and ICTs have enhanced protest planning and implementation by activists around the world. The chapter reviews current knowledge in research literature as well as describes and gives examples of types of responses to ICT communication networks by national governments during crises. It concludes with a hope that ICT based initiatives and movements can achieve impactful social change despite skepticism among scholars on the contrary.

Susan Garzon, R. McKenna Brown, Julia Becker Richards, & Wuqu' Ajpub' (Arnulfo Simón), The life of our language: Kaqchikel Maya maintenance, shift, and revitalization. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1998. Pp. xvi, 239. Hb $35.00, pb $17.95.

2001 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
Judith M. Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Language Use ◽  
State Level ◽  
Municipal Politics ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Spanish Colonial ◽  
University Of Texas ◽  
Kaqchikel Maya ◽  
Positive Perspective ◽  
Open Question

This volume presents four case studies of language use in communities that speak Kaqchikel (also spelled Cakchiquel), a Mayan language of Guatemala; the authors provide a rich picture of the varying patterns of language shift within a single language group. They situate the current practices in both time and space, reviewing linguistic policy from Spanish colonial times to the present, and they demonstrate how state-level programs have played out differently within different communities. Universalistic considerations of hegemony, nationalism, economic pressure, and availability of educational resources are balanced against local realities of micro-economics, municipal politics, and the job market. A Kaqchikel author, Wuqu' Ajpub', contributes a personal history which grounds the generalizations and historical particularities of the community-based case studies in human terms. The time depth of the case studies emphasizes the constantly changing nature of language interactions within the Kaqchikel region. Each of them brings one to the conclusion that the community is currently on a cusp where Kaqchikel language maintenance within the next generation is an open question. The authors strive for a positive perspective and champion linguistic revitalization; however, their data do not predict a resurgence, though they do not preclude one.

scholarly journals A Study on the Sustainable Development of NPOs with Blockchain Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 6158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun-Jung Shin ◽  
Hyoung-Goo Kang ◽  
Kyounghun Bae
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Development Strategies ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Building Trust ◽  
Blockchain Technology

This study investigated the application of a blockchain for promoting the sustainable development of non-profit organizations (NPOs). Transparency and good governance are important for operating NPOs in addition to building trust with relevant stakeholders. NPOs consume a large amount of resources (including funds) to monitor their operations and present their transparency and soundness of governance to interested stakeholders. Blockchain technology can fulfill an NPO’s requirements at a lower cost and with a higher efficiency. We reviewed the existing research on NPO governance and blockchain applications. In addition, through case studies, we identified sustainable development strategies for NPOs involving blockchain technologies to increase donation, reduce cost, enhance transparency, and improve governance structure.

Agricultural environmental management; case studies from theory to practice

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Frost ◽  
S. Stewart ◽  
D. Kerr ◽  
J. MacDonald ◽  
B. D'Arcy
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Diffuse Pollution ◽  
Financial Data ◽  
Habitat Conservation ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Theory To Practice ◽  
Grant Scheme

Six farms were examined, each from a different sector of Scottish agriculture. Surveys were carried out to identify both diffuse pollution risks and options for habitat conservation and enhancement. Financial data were also gathered to determine the current sources of farm income, both from sale of produce and from grants. Whole farm plans were produced aimed at bringing about reductions in diffuse pollution to water, soil and air and also habitat improvements. The assembled information was used to devise a possible agri-environment grant scheme to aid the implementation of the whole farm plans.

scholarly journals Agricultural Diffuse Pollution and the EU Water Framework Directive: Problems and Progress in Governance

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2590
Author(s):  
Daan Boezeman ◽  
Mark Wiering ◽  
Ann Crabbé
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Framework Directive ◽  
Diffuse Pollution ◽  
Eu Water Framework Directive ◽  
Policy Integration ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Persistent Problem ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Governance Arrangements ◽  
The Eu

Progress has been made on improving Europe’s water quality. Nevertheless, there is much scepticism as to whether the goals of the European Water Framework Directive will be realised by 2027. Addressing diffuse agricultural sources of pollution remains a persistent problem. The Special Issue “Water Quality and Agricultural Diffuse Pollution in Light of the EU Water Framework Directive” aims to advance the understanding of the different governance arrangements European Member States developed to address this problem. The contributions in this Special Issue focus on governance arrangements in Denmark, England, Flanders/Belgium, Germany, Ireland, Poland, The Netherlands, Norway and Scotland. The contributions address three themes. First, the contributions signal serious concerns with policy integration across policy domains. Second, it appears to be tough to prioritise source-based measures over effect-based measures of all sorts despite the principles embedded in the Directive. Third, scientific knowledge is an important ally for water interests, yet politicisation in power struggles looms. The contributions in the Special Issue offer reflections on the open, participatory, experimentalist governance that the WFD exemplifies. While most authors agree that this path is attractive and appropriate in some respects, questions can be raised as to whether it also avoids confrontations and hampers the effectiveness of policies.

Contested stock assessment: two case studies

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 529-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Starr ◽  
John H Annala ◽  
Ray Hilborn
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
The Pacific

We describe two case studies where scientists representing alternative interest groups worked together to attempt to resolve scientific issues of fisheries assessments. In several fisheries in New Zealand, commercial fishing interests hired consultants to review governmental assessments. In some of these fisheries, the two sides provided alternative competing assessments; in other fisheries, there was a cooperative agreed-upon assessment. In the analysis of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) within the Pacific Salmon Treaty, scientists representing all parties agreed upon an assessment procedure and developed it over a number of years. Such contested assessments provide a number of benefits including (i) intense peer review, (ii) the ability to bring data from all parties into the assessment process, and (iii) better understanding and trust of the assessments by the different interest groups. Effective peer review requires repeating the calculations associated with data sources and assessment models. We suggest that contested assessments, despite the extra cost, are highly valuable, as they provide a substantially improved standard of assessment. Contested assessments will evolve towards cooperative analysis unless participating parties feel that the cooperative assessment is counter to their perceived interests.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document