Contested stock assessment: two case studies

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 529-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Starr ◽  
John H Annala ◽  
Ray Hilborn
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
The Pacific

We describe two case studies where scientists representing alternative interest groups worked together to attempt to resolve scientific issues of fisheries assessments. In several fisheries in New Zealand, commercial fishing interests hired consultants to review governmental assessments. In some of these fisheries, the two sides provided alternative competing assessments; in other fisheries, there was a cooperative agreed-upon assessment. In the analysis of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) within the Pacific Salmon Treaty, scientists representing all parties agreed upon an assessment procedure and developed it over a number of years. Such contested assessments provide a number of benefits including (i) intense peer review, (ii) the ability to bring data from all parties into the assessment process, and (iii) better understanding and trust of the assessments by the different interest groups. Effective peer review requires repeating the calculations associated with data sources and assessment models. We suggest that contested assessments, despite the extra cost, are highly valuable, as they provide a substantially improved standard of assessment. Contested assessments will evolve towards cooperative analysis unless participating parties feel that the cooperative assessment is counter to their perceived interests.

scholarly journals Model averaging to streamline the stock assessment process

2014 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin P. Millar ◽  
Ernesto Jardim ◽  
Finlay Scott ◽  
Giacomo Chato Osio ◽  
Iago Mosqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Model Averaging ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Fish Stock ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Observation Error ◽  
Fishery Policy ◽  
Fishery Science

Abstract The current fish stock assessment process in Europe can be very resource- and time-intensive. The scientists involved require a very particular set of skills, acquired over their career, drawing from biology, ecology, statistics, mathematical modelling, oceanography, fishery policy, and computing. There is a particular focus on producing a single “best” stock assessment model, but as fishery science advances, there are clear needs to address a range of hypotheses and uncertainties, from large-scale issues such as climate change to specific ones, such as high observation error on young hake. Key to our discussion is the use of the assessment for all frameworks to translate hypotheses into models. We propose a change to the current stock assessment procedure, driven by the use of model averaging to address a range of plausible hypotheses, where increased collaboration between the varied disciplines within fishery science will result in more robust advice.

A complex quota-managed fishery: science and management in Australia's South East Fishery. Introduction and overview

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony D. M. Smith ◽  
David C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
The South ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Fishery Science ◽  
The Cost

The stock assessment process in the South East Fishery involves scientists, industry, fishery managers, economists and non-government organizations. A comparison with such processes in other countries, where stakeholder involvement ranges from government scientists only to involvement of scientists, industry and conservation non-government organizations, suggests that Australia is the only country in which fishery managers are active and integral stock-assessment participants. In Australia, as in several other countries, the form of advice is comparative (consequences of alternative decisions) rather than prescriptive. Although all approaches have advantages and disadvantages, the South East Fishery process has advantages that appear to clearly outweigh the disadvantages. The advantages include better communication among interest groups, improved ownership of and hence support for outcomes and better interactions among groups. The disadvantages include the cost of the process, lack of consistency among assessments, vulnerability of scientists and the frustrations of industry.

PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES OCCURRING IN THE BLOOD OF THE PACIFIC SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS TSHAWYTSCHA) ACCOMPANYING SEXUAL MATURATION AND SPAWNING1

Endocrinology ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 733-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. H. ROBERTSON ◽  
MARCUS A. KRUPP ◽  
CUTTING B. FAVOUR ◽  
SATOSHI HANE ◽  
SYDNEY F. THOMAS
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
The Pacific

Approach and process for stock assessment in the South East Fishery, Australia: a perspective

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 671 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Smith ◽  
Anthony D. M. Smith ◽  
André E. Punt
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
The South ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Cost

The stock assessment process in the South East Fishery involves scientists, industry, fishery managers, economists and non-government organizations. A comparison with such processes in other countries, where stakeholder involvement ranges from government scientists only to involvement of scientists, industry and conservation non-government organizations, suggests that Australia is the only country in which fishery managers are active and integral stock-assessment participants. In Australia, as in several other countries, the form of advice is comparative (consequences of alternative decisions) rather than prescriptive. Although all approaches have advantages and disadvantages, the South East Fishery process has advantages that appear to clearly outweigh the disadvantages. The advantages include better communication among interest groups, improved ownership of and hence support for outcomes and better interactions among groups. The disadvantages include the cost of the process, lack of consistency among assessments, vulnerability of scientists and the frustrations of industry.

IMPACT ASSESSMENT ON LEARNING MOTIVATION IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE COMPETENCE APPROACH IN EDUCATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Huseynova А.А. ◽  
Vashchinnikova K.D.
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Authentic Assessment ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Learning Motivation ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
Educational Motivation ◽  
Educational Paradigm ◽  
The Impact

Turning to the new educational paradigm, the research paper considers the conditions for ensuring the effective-ness of authentic assessment of students ' achievements within the competence approach and the transition from traditional knowledge control to tests developed on the basis of the theory of pedagogical measurements. Special attention is paid to independent assessment as a tool for stimulating learning activities, as well as to the justifica-tion of the pattern design method used in the develop-ment of measurement tools. The experimental basis of the study is based on the results of an independent assess-ment of educational achievements of students of the sen-ior level of secondary vocational education in social studies in several educational organizations. As a result of the survey of participants in independent testing, the formation of a stable positive learning motivation is not-ed. The relationship with the assessment of the impact on educational motivation is confirmed by the respondents ' attitude to the authentic assessment procedure on the part of participants in the assessment process: school-children, teachers, and parents. As a result, it was re-vealed that all subjects of the educational process evalu-ate the impact of the proposed method of assessment on educational motivation from a positive side.

Restructuring Canadian Business History: A Review EssayNORTH AMERICAN PATTERNS OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT: THE CONTINENTAL CONTEXT. W.T. Easter-brook. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1990. xxviii, 272 pp.THE CANADIAN FUR TRADE IN THE INDUSTRIAL AGE. Arthur J. Ray. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1990. xviii, 283 pp.TIMOTHY EATON AND THE RISE OF HIS DEPARTMENT STORE. Joy L. Santink. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1990. xii, 319 pp.WORKING IN STEEL: THE EARLY YEARS IN CANADA, 1883-1935. Craig Heron. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1988. 223 pp.THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PACIFIC SALMON CANNING INDUSTRY: A GROWN MANS GAME. Ed. and Intro. Dianne Newell. Montreal/Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1989. xvii, 303 pp.THE COMMERCIAL FISHERY OF THE CANADIAN GREAT LAKES. A.B. McCullough. Ottawa: Environment Canada/ Canadian Parks Service, 1989. 153 pp.IN WHOSE INTEREST? QUEBEC’S CAISSES POPULAIRES 1900 1945. Ronald Rudin. Montreal/Kingston:McGilTQueen’s University Press, 1990. xvii, 185 pp.CO-OPERATIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND CANADIAN SOCIETY: POPULAR INSTITUTIONS AND THE DILEMMAS OF CHANGE. Ed. Murray E. Fulton. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1990. xiv, 345 pp.

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-178
Author(s):  
Graham D. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Business History ◽  
Commercial Fishery ◽  
Environment Canada ◽  
Canadian Society ◽  
University Of Toronto ◽  
Industrial Age ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Canning Industry

scholarly journals Multilingualism in Vanuatu: Four case studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 136700692110231
Author(s):  
Mary Walworth ◽  
Amy Dewar ◽  
Thomas Ennever ◽  
Lana Takau ◽  
Iveth Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Language History ◽  
Speech Communities ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Original Contribution ◽  
B Mobility

Each of the 65 inhabited islands of Vanuatu hosts its own unique linguistic environment in which varying degrees of multilingualism are found. This paper defines various types of small-scale multilingual settings in Vanuatu and explores what sociohistorical factors have led to them. This paper is based on first-hand observations and primary data collected by the authors in four locations in the Pacific Island nation of Vanuatu since 2016: two neighboring villages of Emae Island (Makatu and Tongamea), North Malekula, and on Maewo Island. The assessments of multilingualism in these examples from Vanuatu were qualitative, based on observations of sociolinguistic practices in each of these areas, as well as data from language history and language use surveys carried out in each place. Through defining and comparing the types of multilingualism present in the four case studies, we identify patterns in the social and historical processes that lead to various kinds of multilingualism: (a) interaction of linguistic and sociocultural identities and (b) mobility of both individuals and entire speech communities. The examples described in this paper are used to highlight the diversity of multilingualism found in Vanuatu and to explore how their differing linguistic environments and histories have contributed to their varying degrees of multilingualism. This paper makes an original contribution to knowledge about the small-scale multilingual situations in Vanuatu, offering descriptions of previously undocumented and endangered multilingual environments. Through an examination of the sociocultural motivations for multilingualism, alongside historical migrations of speaker groups and marked sociolinguistic identities, this paper contributes to research on why and how small-scale multilingualism can develop. Furthermore, this paper provides the foundation for future, more rigorous investigations into the small-scale multilingual situations of this highly understudied region.

Human Rights as Land Rights in the Pacific

1993 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D'Arcy May
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
Human Community ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
West Papua ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The One

Do human rights in their conventional, Western understanding really meet the needs of Pacific peoples? This article argues that land rights are a better clue to those needs. In Aboriginal Australia, Fiji, West Papua and Papua New Guinea, case studies show that people's relationship to land is religious and implicitly theological. The article therefore suggests that rights to land need to be supplemented by rights of the land extending to the earth as the home of the one human community and nature as the matrix of all life.

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