scholarly journals Correction: Eldrup, M.R., et al. Stability of Rubble Mound Breakwaters—A Study of the Notional Permeability Factor, based on Physical Model Tests. Water 2019, 11, 934

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2483
Author(s):  
Mads Røge Eldrup ◽  
Thomas Lykke Andersen ◽  
Hans Falk Burcharth
Keyword(s):  
Physical Model ◽  
Model Tests ◽  
Permeability Factor ◽  
Physical Model Tests ◽  
Rubble Mound ◽  
Rubble Mound Breakwaters

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]

scholarly journals Stability of Rubble Mound Breakwaters—A Study of the Notional Permeability Factor, Based on Physical Model Tests

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mads Røge Eldrup ◽  
Thomas Lykke Andersen ◽  
Hans Falk Burcharth
Keyword(s):  
Physical Model ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Model Tests ◽  
Permeability Factor ◽  
Physical Model Tests ◽  
Stability Model ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Rubble Mound Breakwaters ◽  
Layer Composition

The Van der Meer formulae for quarry rock armor stability are commonly used in breakwater design. The formulae describe the stability as a function of the wave characteristics, number of waves, front slope angle and rock material properties. The latter includes a so-called notional permeability factor characterizing the permeability of the structure. Based on armor stability model tests with three armor layer compositions, Van der Meer determined three values of the notional permeability. Based on numerical model results he added for a typical layer composition one more value. Based on physical model tests, the present paper provides notional permeability factors for seven layer compositions of which two correspond to the compositions tested by Van der Meer. The results of these two layer compositions are within the scatter of the results by Van der Meer. To help determination of the notional permeability for non-tested layer compositions, a simple empirical formula is presented.

scholarly journals TOE BERM DESIGN FOR RUBBLE-MOUND BREAKWATERS: EXAMPLE OF THE SAFI POWER PLANT PROJECT

2017 ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
COUTOSTHEVENOT Marie ◽  
HONG Kyung-Wook
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Physical Model ◽  
Design Feature ◽  
Breaking Waves ◽  
Model Tests ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Physical Model Tests ◽  
Rubble Mound ◽  
Hydraulics Laboratory ◽  
Rubble Mound Breakwaters

DAEWOO E&C (Engineering & Construction) is in charge constructing a new 1320 MW coal-fired power plant located approximately 15 km south-west of the city of Safi in Morocco. ARTELIA Eau & Environnement was appointed by the Contractor to perform the hydraulic design review of the rubble-mound breakwaters protecting the intake and outfall. The toe berm is a key design feature of rubble-mound breakwaters built in breaking conditions, since it helps to support the armour layer and protect the structure from potential scour-induced damage. The initial toe berm design was based on Van Der Meer’s empirical formula (1998). Due to the very shallow water conditions, the toe design was verified through physical model tests (2D and 3D) in ARTELIA’s hydraulics laboratory located in Pont-de-Claix, near Grenoble (France). The physical model tests demonstrated that the toe berm (6t rocks, 3:1 slope) was not stable at key singular locations, namely roundheads and roots, where direct impacts of breaking waves caused severe damage. Given the site conditions and the construction methods, the usual solutions consisting in increasing the rock size and/or placing the toe berm in a trench had to be ruled out. It was hence decided to reinforce the toe with artificial blocks and to use rectangular concrete blocks with holes. These blocks reduced the anti-stabilizing pressure difference between the top and bottom of the blocks (Tanimoto et al., 1996) and drag force due to the considerable current. They are more usually used at the toe of vertical caissons.

Artificial Intelligence and Rubble-Mound Breakwater Stability

2012 ◽  
pp. 1499-1506
Author(s):  
Gregorio Iglesias Rodriguez ◽  
Alberte Castro Ponte ◽  
Rodrigo Carballo Sanchez ◽  
Miguel Ángel Losada Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Physical Model ◽  
Model Tests ◽  
Wave Action ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Wave Flume ◽  
Physical Model Tests ◽  
Rubble Mound ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Rubble Mound Breakwaters

Breakwaters are coastal structures constructed to shelter a harbour basin from waves. There are two main types: rubble-mound breakwaters, consisting of various layers of stones or concrete pieces of different sizes (weights), making up a porous mound; and vertical breakwaters, impermeable and monolythic, habitually composed of concrete caissons. This article deals with rubble-mound breakwaters. A typical rubble-mound breakwater consists of an armour layer, a filter layer and a core. For the breakwater to be stable, the armour layer units (stones or concrete pieces) must not be removed by wave action. Stability is basically achieved by weight. Certain types of concrete pieces are capable of achieving a high degree of interlocking, which contributes to stability by impeding the removal of a single unit. The forces that an armour unit must withstand under wave action depend on the hydrodynamics on the breakwater slope, which are extremely complex due to wave breaking and the porous nature of the structure. A detailed description of the flow has not been achieved until now, and it is unclear whether it will be in the future in view of the turbulent phenomena involved. Therefore the instantaneous force exerted on an armour unit is not, at least for the time being, amenable to determination by means of a numerical model of the flow. For this reason, empirical formulations are used in rubble-mound design, calibrated on the basis of laboratory tests of model structures. However, these formulations cannot take into account all the aspects affecting the stability, mainly because the inherent complexity of the problem does not lend itself to a simple treatment. Consequently the empirical formulations are used as a predesign tool, and physical model tests in a wave flume of the particular design in question under the pertinent sea climate conditions are de rigueur, except for minor structures. The physical model tests naturally integrate all the complexity of the problem. Their drawback lies in that they are expensive and time consuming. In this article, Artificial Neural Networks are trained and tested with the results of stability tests carried out on a model breakwater. They are shown to reproduce very closely the behaviour of the physical model in the wave flume. Thus an ANN model, if trained and tested with sufficient data, may be used in lieu of the physical model tests. A virtual laboratory of this kind will save time and money with respect to the conventional procedure.

Artificial Intelligence and Rubble-Mound Breakwater Stability

2011 ◽  
pp. 144-150
Author(s):  
Gregorio Iglesias Rodriguez ◽  
Alberte Castro Ponte ◽  
Rodrigo Carballo Sanchez ◽  
Miguel Ángel Losada Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Physical Model ◽  
Model Tests ◽  
Wave Action ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Wave Flume ◽  
Physical Model Tests ◽  
Rubble Mound ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Rubble Mound Breakwaters

Breakwaters are coastal structures constructed to shelter a harbour basin from waves. There are two main types: rubble-mound breakwaters, consisting of various layers of stones or concrete pieces of different sizes (weights), making up a porous mound; and vertical breakwaters, impermeable and monolythic, habitually composed of concrete caissons. This article deals with rubble-mound breakwaters. A typical rubble-mound breakwater consists of an armour layer, a filter layer and a core. For the breakwater to be stable, the armour layer units (stones or concrete pieces) must not be removed by wave action. Stability is basically achieved by weight. Certain types of concrete pieces are capable of achieving a high degree of interlocking, which contributes to stability by impeding the removal of a single unit. The forces that an armour unit must withstand under wave action depend on the hydrodynamics on the breakwater slope, which are extremely complex due to wave breaking and the porous nature of the structure. A detailed description of the flow has not been achieved until now, and it is unclear whether it will be in the future in view of the turbulent phenomena involved. Therefore the instantaneous force exerted on an armour unit is not, at least for the time being, amenable to determination by means of a numerical model of the flow. For this reason, empirical formulations are used in rubble-mound design, calibrated on the basis of laboratory tests of model structures. However, these formulations cannot take into account all the aspects affecting the stability, mainly because the inherent complexity of the problem does not lend itself to a simple treatment. Consequently the empirical formulations are used as a predesign tool, and physical model tests in a wave flume of the particular design in question under the pertinent sea climate conditions are de rigueur, except for minor structures. The physical model tests naturally integrate all the complexity of the problem. Their drawback lies in that they are expensive and time consuming. In this article, Artificial Neural Networks are trained and tested with the results of stability tests carried out on a model breakwater. They are shown to reproduce very closely the behaviour of the physical model in the wave flume. Thus an ANN model, if trained and tested with sufficient data, may be used in lieu of the physical model tests. A virtual laboratory of this kind will save time and money with respect to the conventional procedure.

scholarly journals PORT RESONANCE MITIGATION MODELED INTRODUCING ARJ-R STRUCTURES

2020 ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Jose A. GONZALEZ-ESCRIVA ◽  
Josep R. MEDINA ◽  
Joaquin M. GARRIDO
Keyword(s):  
Reflection Coefficient ◽  
Physical Model ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Model Tests ◽  
Wave Interference ◽  
Low Frequency Oscillations ◽  
Physical Model Tests ◽  
Similar Cost ◽  
Interference Mechanism

ARJ-R caissons are based on the "long-circuit" concept (Medina et al, 2016) that allows the extension of the destructive wave interference mechanism to mitigate low frequency oscillations without enlarging the width of the caisson. The performance of the ARJ-R caissons is referred to its reflection coefficient (Cr) which was obtained through large-scale physical model tests (Gonzalez-Escriva et al, 2018). In this paper, the effectiveness of Anti-Reflective Jarlan-type structures for Port Resonance mitigation (ARJ-R) has been assessed numerically for the port of Denia (Spain). ARJ-R structures are constructible, with similar dimensions as conventional vertical quay caissons and with a similar cost (15percent more than conventional vertical caisson).Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/LomQEVpvjik

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