scholarly journals Comparative Study of the Oxidative Degradation of Different 4-Aminobenzene Sulfonamides in Aqueous Solution by Sulfite Activation in the Presence of Fe(0), Fe(II), Fe(III) Or Fe(VI)

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2332 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Acosta-Rangel ◽  
M. Sánchez-Polo ◽  
M. Rozalen ◽  
J. Rivera-Utrilla ◽  
A.M.S. Polo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Cleavage ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
J774 Cell ◽  
Iron Species ◽  
Hek 293 ◽  
Water Matrix ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
First Time

This study is focused on advanced oxidation technologies (AOTs) using the combined effect of Fe(0–VI)/sulfite systems, that produce mainly SO4•− radicals, to remove different 4-aminobenzene sulfonamides (SAs), namely sulfamethazine, sulfadiazine, sulfamethizole, from aqueous solutions. Results obtained showed that neither sulfite nor iron alone is able to degrade SAs; however, the combined effect depends on the oxidation state of iron species whose effectiveness to activate sulfite to promote the degradation of SAs increased following this order: Fe(III) < Fe(II) < Fe(0) < Fe(VI). Using Fe(VI)/sulfite, the complete removal of SAs was obtained in 5 min largely surpassing the effectiveness of the other three systems. The sulfonamides’ removal percentage was markedly influenced by sulfite concentration and dissolved oxygen, which improved the generation of oxidant radicals. Response surface methodology was applied, and a quadratic polynomial model was obtained, which allowed us to determine the percentage of SAs degradation as a function of both the iron species and sulfite concentrations. The study of the influence of the water matrix on these AOTs revealed an inhibition of SAs’ removal percentage when using ground water. This is probably due to the presence of different anions, such as HCO3−, Cl−, and SO42− in relatively high concentrations. According to the byproducts identified, the proposed degradation pathways include hydroxylation, SO2 extrusion, and different bond-cleavage processes. Cytotoxicity of degradation byproducts, using MTS assay with HEK 293 and J774 cell lines for the first time, did not show an inhibition in cell proliferation, sustaining the safety of the process.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study on Pasta Samples Characterized in Antioxidant Compounds and Their Biological Activity on Kidney Cells

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Di Marco ◽  
Francesco Trevisani ◽  
Pamela Vignolini ◽  
Silvia Urciuoli ◽  
Andrea Salonia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Kidney Cells ◽  
Hek 293 ◽  
293 Cells ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Egg Pasta

Pasta is one of the basic foods of the Mediterranean diet and for this reason it was chosen for this study to evaluate its antioxidant properties. Three types of pasta were selected: buckwheat, rye and egg pasta. Qualitative–quantitative characterization analyses were carried out by HPLC-DAD to identify antioxidant compounds. The data showed the presence of carotenoids such as lutein and polyphenols such as indoleacetic acid, (carotenoids from 0.08 to 0.16 mg/100 g, polyphenols from 3.7 to 7.4 mg/100 g). To assess the effect of the detected metabolites, in vitro experimentation was carried out on kidney cells models: HEK-293 and MDCK. Standards of β-carotene, indoleacetic acid and caffeic acid, hydroalcoholic and carotenoid-enriched extracts from samples of pasta were tested in presence of antioxidant agent to determine viability variations. β-carotene and indoleacetic acid standards exerted a protective effect on HEK-293 cells while no effect was detected on MDCK. The concentrations tested are likely in the range of those reached in body after the consumption of a standard pasta meal. Carotenoid-enriched extracts and hydroalcoholic extracts showed different effects, observing rescues for rye pasta hydroalcoholic extract and buckwheat pasta carotenoid-enriched extract, while egg pasta showed milder dose depending effects assuming pro-oxidant behavior at high concentrations. The preliminary results suggest behaviors to be traced back to the whole phytocomplexes respect to single molecules and need further investigations.

scholarly journals Bioactive Compounds in Salicornia patula Duval-Jouve: A Mediterranean Edible Euhalophyte

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 410
Author(s):  
Irene Sánchez-Gavilán ◽  
Esteban Ramírez ◽  
Vicenta de la Fuente
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Tinto River ◽  
New Findings ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Salicornia Patula ◽  
First Time

Many halophytes have great nutritional and functional potential, providing chemical compounds with biological properties. Salicornia patula Duval-Jouve is a common euhalophyte from saline Mediterranean territories (Spain, Portugal, France, and Italy). In the present work we quantified for the first time the bioactive compounds in S. patula (total phenolic compounds and fatty acids), from Iberian Peninsula localities: littoral-coastal Tinto River basin areas (southwest Spain, the Huelva province), and mainland continental territories (northwest and central Spain, the Valladolid and Madrid provinces). Five phenolic acids including caffeic, coumaric, veratric, salicylic, and transcinnamic have been found with differences between mainland and coastal saltmarshes. S. patula contain four flavonoids: quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol/luteolin, apigenin 7-glucoside, and pelargonidin-3-O-rutinoside. These last two glycosylated compounds are described for the first time in this genus of Chenopodiaceae. The fatty acid profile described in S. patula stems contains palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids in high concentrations, while stearic and long-chain fatty acids were detected in low amounts. These new findings confirm that S. patula is a valuable source of bioactive compounds from Mediterranean area.

scholarly journals Exchange Speed of Four-Component Nanorotors Correlates with Hammett Substituent Constants

Chemistry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-125
Author(s):  
Yi-Fan Li ◽  
Amit Ghosh ◽  
Pronay Kumar Biswas ◽  
Suchismita Saha ◽  
Michael Schmittel
Keyword(s):  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Bond Cleavage ◽  
Head Group ◽  
Ligand Interaction ◽  
Exchange Frequency ◽  
Rate Determining Step ◽  
Head Groups ◽  
Substituent Constants ◽  
First Time ◽  
Determining Factor

Three distinct four-component supramolecular nanorotors were prepared, using, for the first time, bipyridine instead of phenanthroline stations in the stator. Following our established self-sorting protocol to multicomponent nanodevices, the nanorotors were self-assembled by mixing the stator, rotators with various pyridine head groups, copper(I) ions and 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO). Whereas the exchange of a phenanthroline vs. a bipyridine station did not entail significant changes in the rotational exchange frequency, the para-substituents at the pyridine head group of the rotator had drastic consequences on the speed: 4-OMe (k298 = 35 kHz), 4-H (k298 = 77 kHz) and 4-NO2 (k298 = 843 kHz). The exchange frequency (log k) showed an excellent linear correlation with both the Hammett substituent constants and log K of the copper(I)–ligand interaction, proving that rotator–copper(I) bond cleavage is the key determining factor in the rate-determining step.

scholarly journals Phosphoregulation of the intracellular termini of K+-Cl− cotransporter 2 (KCC2) enables flexible control of its activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 293 (44) ◽  
pp. 16984-16993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antje Cordshagen ◽  
Wiebke Busch ◽  
Michael Winklhofer ◽  
Hans Gerd Nothwang ◽  
Anna-Maria Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Activity ◽  
Hek 293 ◽  
Flexible Control ◽  
Mediated Effects ◽  
293 Cells ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
Graded Activity ◽  
First Time ◽  
Increased Activity

The pivotal role of K+-Cl− cotransporter 2 (KCC2) in inhibitory neurotransmission and severe human diseases fosters interest in understanding posttranslational regulatory mechanisms such as (de)phosphorylation. Here, the regulatory role of the five bona fide phosphosites Ser31, Thr34, Ser932, Thr999, and Thr1008 was investigated by the use of alanine and aspartate mutants. Tl+-based flux analyses in HEK-293 cells demonstrated increased transport activity for S932D (mimicking phosphorylation) and T1008A (mimicking dephosphorylation), albeit to a different extent. Increased activity was due to changes in intrinsic activity, as it was not caused by increased cell-surface abundance. Substitutions of Ser31, Thr34, or Thr999 had no effect. Additionally, we show that the indirect actions of the known KCC2 activators staurosporine and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) involved multiple phosphosites. S31D, T34A, S932A/D, T999A, or T1008A/D abrogated staurosporine mediated stimulation, and S31A, T34D, or S932D abolished NEM-mediated stimulation. This demonstrates for the first time differential effects of staurosporine and NEM on KCC2. In addition, the staurosporine-mediated effects involved both KCC2 phosphorylation and dephosphorylation with Ser932 and Thr1008 being bona fide target sites. In summary, our data reveal a complex phosphoregulation of KCC2 that provides the transporter with a toolbox for graded activity and integration of different signaling pathways.

scholarly journals The “good, the bad and the double-sword” effects of exposure to MPs and their organic additives on N2-fixing bacteria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor Fernández-Juárez ◽  
Xabier López-Alforja ◽  
Aida Frank-Comas ◽  
Pedro Echeveste ◽  
Antoni Bennasar-Figueras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posidonia Oceanica ◽  
Dioctyl Phthalate ◽  
Benthic Organisms ◽  
Protein Overexpression ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
Physical Interactions ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe accumulation of microplastics (MPs) pollution at depths suggests the susceptibility of benthic organisms (e.g. seagrasses and their associated macro- and micro-organisms) to the effects of these pollutants. Little is known about the direct effects of MPs and their organic additives on marine bacteria, e.g. in one of the most ecologically significant groups, the diazotrophs or N2-fixing bacteria. To fill this gap of knowledge, we exposed marine diazotrophs found in association with the endemic Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica to pure MPs which differ in physical properties (e.g. density, hydrophobicity and/or size), namely, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polystyrene (PS) and to their most abundant associated organic additives (e.g. fluoranthene, 1,2,5,6,9,10-hexabromocyclododecane [HBCD] and dioctyl-phthalate [DEHP]). Growth, protein overexpression, direct physical interactions between MPs and bacteria, phosphorus (P) acquisition mechanisms and N2-fixation rates were evaluated. Our results show species-specific responses of the autotrophic and heterotrophic N2-fixing bacteria tested and the responses were dependent on the type and concentration of MPs and additives. N2-fixing cyanobacteria were positively affected by environmental and high concentrations of MPs (e.g. PVC), as opposed to heterotrophic strains, that were only positively affected with high concentrations of ∼120 µm-size MPs (detecting the overexpression of proteins related to plastic degradation and C-transport), and negatively affected by 1 µm-size PS beads. Generally, the organic additives (e.g. fluoranthene) had a deleterious effect in both autotrophic and heterotrophic N2-fixing bacteria and the magnitude of the effect is suggested to be dependent on bacterial size. We did not find evidences that specific N2-fixation rates were significantly affected by exposure to MPs, albeit changes in bacterial abundance can affect the bulk N2-fixation rates. In summary, we reported for the first time, the beneficial (the “good”), deleterious (the “bad”) and/or both (the “double-sword”) effects of exposure to MPs and their organic additives on diazotrophs found in association with seagrasses.

The Fertilization Reaction in the Sea-Urchin

1952 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-483
Author(s):  
LORD ROTHSCHILD ◽  
M. M. SWANN
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Conduction Time ◽  
Normal Sperm ◽  
Psammechinus Miliaris ◽  
Sperm Suspension ◽  
Small Incidence ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
First Time

1. The reactions of sea-urchin eggs (Psammechinus miliaris) to high concentrations of homologous spermatozoa have been investigated by a new method. 2. The method was to inseminate eggs with high concentrations of spermatozoa (108/ml.), which ensured that all eggs were fertilized for the first time at the beginning of the experiment; and then functionally to separate the eggs and spermatozoa at known times after the original insemination. 3. The proportion of polyspermic eggs in the suspension rises from zero at t=0 to a constant value at a time T, which is the conduction time of the block to polyspermy. In fourteen experiments on eggs from different sea-urchins, the estimated values of T were 17, 69, 72, 74, 94, 85, 26, 60, 31, 91, 85, 34, 75 and 67 sec. (arithmetic mean 63 sec.). The standard errors of the estimates of T, which are tabulated in the text, ranged from 5 to 15 sec. 4. These results confirm previous experiments which strongly suggested that the conduction time of the block to polyspermy was of the order of seconds; these earlier experiments were incompatible with a block to polyspermy lasting a fraction of a second. 5. At the same time experiments in this paper made it possible to estimate the fertilization parameter or sperm-egg interaction rate α, during the conduction of the block to polyspermy, and to compare it with the pre-fertilization α. In a given sperm suspension, α is a measure of the receptivity of the egg surface to spermatozoa. During the conduction of the block to polyspermy α was found to be markedly lower (1/20) than in unfertilized eggs. 6. This suggests that at fertilization there is a fast but incomplete block to polyspermy, whose conduction time may be 1 sec. or less. This is followed by the slower block which finally makes the egg impermeable to spermatozoa. This also confirms previous observations on the small incidence of polyspermy at normal sperm densities, which is not consistent with the concept of a slow block to polyspermy.

scholarly journals Measles Maternal Antibodies With Low Avidity Do Not Interfere With the Establishment of Robust Quantity and Quality Antibody Responses After the Primary Dose of Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine Administered at 12-Months of Age

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathleen A Collins ◽  
Laura Gelinas ◽  
Linda L Yasukawa ◽  
Susette Audet ◽  
Bahaa Abu-Raya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Maternal Antibodies ◽  
High Avidity ◽  
Rubella Vaccine ◽  
Primary Dose ◽  
Measles Antibodies ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
First Time

Abstract In this study, we illustrate, for the first time, that preexisting low-avidity neutralizing measles maternal antibodies do not interfere with the development of high concentrations of high-avidity measles antibodies in children immunized at age 12 months. This suggests that the quality of measles maternal antibodies, rather than the quantity, impacts immunogenicity of primary measles immunization.

scholarly journals CD4 is expressed on murine pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells

Blood ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 80 (7) ◽  
pp. 1717-1724 ◽  
Author(s):  
JP Wineman ◽  
GL Gilmore ◽  
C Gritzmacher ◽  
BE Torbett ◽  
CE Muller-Sieburg
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
B Cell Differentiation ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Significant Life ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
First Time

Abstract We show here for the first time that pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells express the CD4 antigen. CD4+ cells isolated from mouse marrow repopulated all hematopoietic lineages in both the long-term repopulation assay and the competitive repopulation assay. This finding indicates that the CD4+ population contains primitive stem cells with extensive repopulation capacity. Interestingly, the CD4- population had significant life-sparing activity, even though this population was depleted of long-term repopulating stem cells when compared with CD4+ cells. The majority of the cells that respond to the stroma in Whitlock- Witte cultures with B-cell differentiation were recovered in the CD4- population. Thus, this bone marrow (BM)-derived B-cell precursor lacks CD4, which is in contrast to myeloid precursors and thymus-derived lymphoid precursors that reportedly express CD4. We show further that the CD4 molecule expressed on BM cells is similar in molecular weight and epitope makeup to the CD4 antigen found on thymocytes. Detection of CD4 on BM cells is dependent on using high concentrations of antibodies. Thus, it is not surprising that expression of CD4 on pluripotent stem cells has been missed previously. Taken together, our data suggest that the CD4 molecule may play an important role in lineage definition in early hematopoietic differentiation.

scholarly journals Effect of 10 UV Filters on the Brine Shrimp Artemia salina and the Marine Microalga Tetraselmis sp.

Toxics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Evane Thorel ◽  
Fanny Clergeaud ◽  
Lucie Jaugeon ◽  
Alice M. S. Rodrigues ◽  
Julie Lucas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Uv Filters ◽  
Personal Care Product ◽  
Marine Microalga ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
First Time

The presence of pharmaceutical and personal care product (PPCP) residues in the aquatic environment is an emerging issue due to their uncontrolled release through gray water, and accumulation in the environment that may affect living organisms, ecosystems and public health. The aim of this study is to assess the toxicity of benzophenone-3 (BP-3), bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine (BEMT), butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (BM), methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol (MBBT), 2-ethylhexyl salicylate (ES), diethylaminohydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate (DHHB), diethylhexyl butamido triazone (DBT), ethylhexyl triazone (ET), homosalate (HS) and octocrylene (OC) on marine organisms from two major trophic levels, including autotrophs (Tetraselmis sp.) and heterotrophs (Artemia salina). In general, results showed that both HS and OC were the most toxic UV filters for our tested species, followed by a significant effect of BM on Artemia salina due to BM—but only at high concentrations (1 mg/L). ES, BP3 and DHHB affected the metabolic activity of the microalgae at 100 µg/L. BEMT, DBT, ET, MBBT had no effect on the tested organisms, even at high concentrations (2 mg/L). OC toxicity represents a risk for those species, since concentrations used in this study are 15–90 times greater than those reported in occurrence studies for aquatic environments. For the first time in the literature, we report HS toxicity on a microalgae species at concentrations complementing those found in aquatic environments. These preliminary results could represent a risk in the future if concentrations of OC and HS continue to increase.

scholarly journals  Effect of 2,4-D as a novel inducer of embryogenesis in microspores of Brassica napus L.

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 114-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.H. Ardebili ◽  
M.E. Shariatpanahi ◽  
R. Amiri ◽  
M. Emamifar ◽  
M. Oroojloo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Microspore Embryogenesis ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Short Time ◽  
First Time

The effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) applied at high concentrations for a short time was investigated as a novel stress for induction of microspore embryogenesis for the first time. Brassica napus L. cvs. Topas and Hyola 420 were used as model plants for testing this hypothesis. Microspores were subjected to 2,4-D at 4 concentrations (15, 25, 35 and 45 mg/l) for 15&ndash;45 min while the classical heat shock was used as the control treatment. Among 2,4-D treatments in Topas, the highest yield of torpedo-stage embryos was achieved at 15 mg/l 2,4-D for 30 min while more normal plantlets were produced when 2,4-D (25 mg/l for 30&nbsp;min) was applied to the microspores. In Hyola 420 the results showed a lower number of embryos and normal plantlets at all concentrations of 2,4-D. Although Hyola 420 was almost equally embryogenic as Topas after heat shock treatment, large differences between genotypes (concerning embryogenic response) occurred after 2,4-D treatment. However, the mean number of embryos and regenerants was higher in heat shock as compared to 2,4-D induced stress (one magnitude of order). According to the results obtained, 2,4-D can be introduced as a new stress for induction of embryogenesis in microspores similarly like in zygotic and somatic cells. This novel stress is very important for plant species whose microspores are extremely sensitive to classical stresses.

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