scholarly journals Development of a Heterogeneity Analysis Framework for Collaborative Sponge City Management

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Li ◽  
Shou Dong ◽  
Yue Huang ◽  
Guang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Collaborative Management ◽  
City Management ◽  
Analysis Framework ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
City Construction

Rapid urbanization, inappropriate urban planning and the changing climate in many countries have resulted in flooding, water shortage and water pollution around the world. Although the sponge city concept has been applied in both macro-scales and micro-scales to address those challenges, research on the heterogeneity of different cities for sponge city construction and the collaborative management between cities is insufficient. Therefore, this paper proposes a multivariate cluster analysis framework and conducts an empirical study using 96 Chinese cities. By considering the local infrastructure, economic development, water resource distribution, water quality and precipitation characteristics in each city, and integrating the principal component analysis and a self-organizing feature mapping network, this paper shows the potential of regional and interregional sponge city collaborative management. This will provide an opportunity for developing a new sponge city management mechanism and will promote the establishment of multi-functional departments for urban flood control and water quality improvement.

scholarly journals Review on sponge city construction for flood management

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Femin Maria IX ◽  
Elba Helen George
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Environment Change ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
City Construction

Due to the global climate change and the rapid progress of urbanization, the frequent occurrence of flooding disasters and severe pollution seriously threaten the sustainable development of modern cities. To solve these problems, China first started the construction of the ‘Sponge City’. Sponge city can improve city’s ability to adapt to the environment change and to cope with floods; it can also make them more sustainable. It was not only meant for urban flood control, but also rainwater harvest, ecological restoration of urban land and water quality improvement. The rainfall received in 2020 in Hyderabad of India, has been the highest for the month October in a century. The risk is going to increase year after year in the whole nation. So India too needs a mission that mitigates flood risk and provides a pathway to water security. And the most promising solution across the world at this time can be the idea to adopt Sponge city construction. Improper research in this field will lead to huge maintenance difficulties and other related problems. This paper mainly focuses on presenting the concepts of sponge city construction along with its pathway. Not only does it focus on Sponge city’s benefits, but also its challenges are also stated, which leads to better understanding about its scope of continuing for future. Keywords: Flood control, sponge city, green infrastructure, urban floods.

A gauss-function based approach for flood control capacity assessment of integrated green and grey infrastructure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Wang ◽  
Jiahong Liu ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Chao Mei
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Capacity Assessment ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
Peak Rate ◽  
Gauss Function

<p>Under the background of climate change and rapid urbanization，the risk of urban flood is increasing across the globe. To alleviate the urban flooding problems, the sponge city strategy has been proposed in China. The urban flood control system based on sponge city is gradually formed, which is an integrated system composed of green and grey infrastructure. However, mechanism of the corresponding flood control function and corresponding quantitative assessment of flood control capacity of the integrated green and grey infrastructure is relatively lacking. Based on polit sponge cities in China, this study summarized and put forward the construction mode of urban inundation control system of sponge city, including source control system, stormwater pipe network system, over-standard stormwater storage and drainage system, etc., identified the mechanism of urban flood control functions of urban flood control system, including detaining, releasing, peak rate cutting, peak rate delaying and discharging the stormwater runoff. Furthermore, a gauss-function based approach for quantitative flood control capacity assessment of integrated green and grey infrastructure was established. This study builds the relationship between the gauss function and mechanism of urban flood control capacity, according to the mathematical meaning of parameters of the gauss function. It provides a new method for urban flood control capacity assessment of the integrated green and grey infrastructure.</p>

scholarly journals Objectives and Indexes for Implementation of Sponge Cities—A Case Study of Changzhou City, China

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengzhao Li ◽  
Mingjing Dong ◽  
Tony Wong ◽  
Jianbin Wang ◽  
Alagarasan Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
City Development ◽  
Lake Water Quality ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
The City

This paper presents a framework of objectives and indexes for sponge cities implementation in China. The proposed objectives and indexes aims to reflect whether the city is in accord with the sponge city. Different cities have different objectives and indexes as each city has its own geologic and hydrogeological conditions. Therefore, the main problems (e.g., water security and flood risks) in the central urban area of Changzhou city, China were evaluated scientifically. According to the local conditions, four objectives and eleven indexes have been made as a standard to estimate the sponge city and set a goal for the city development to reach the goal of sustainable urban development. The strategy of process control was implemented to improve the standard of urban drainage and flood control facilities, regulate total runoff and reduce storm peak flow, and the ecological monitoring of the function of the rivers and lakes. The objectives of sponge cities include water security, water quality improvement, healthy water ecosystems, and water utilization efficiency. Urban flood prevention capacity, river and lake water quality compliance, and annual runoff control are the key objectives to encourage the use of non-conventional water resources.

scholarly journals Interpretation and application of Sponge City guidelines in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 378 (2168) ◽  
pp. 20190222 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Griffiths ◽  
Faith Ka Shun Chan ◽  
Michelle Shao ◽  
Fangfang Zhu ◽  
David Laurence Higgitt
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
Surface Water Management ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk

‘Sponge City’ is the term used to describe the Chinese government's approach to urban surface water management. The concept was conceived in 2014 in response to an increasing incidence of urban flooding or water-logging in Chinese cities. While ambitious and far-reaching in its aim (of decreasing national flood risk, increasing water supply and improving water quality), the initiative must be implemented by individual subprovincial or municipal-level government entities. Thus, while the concept is similar to sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) in the UK (or low-impact development (LID) in the USA), it is developing with different regional characteristics, and during continuing rapid urbanization. Indeed, the increasing use of national rather than international examples of best practice reflects a growing body of knowledge that has evolved since the start of the Sponge City initiative. In this paper, interpretation and development of the national Sponge City guidelines are assessed for the Ningbo Municipality, an affluent and rapidly expanding city on China's low-lying east coast. While climate, geology and socio-economic factors can all be seen to influence the way that national guidelines are implemented, project financing, integration and assessment are found to be of increasing influence. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Urban flood resilience’.

scholarly journals SuDS & Sponge Cities: A Comparative Analysis of the Implementation of Pluvial Flood Management in the UK and China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Lashford ◽  
Matteo Rubinato ◽  
Yanpeng Cai ◽  
Jingming Hou ◽  
Soroush Abolfathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
Rainfall Model ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Whole Life Costing

In recent decades, rapid urbanization has resulted in a growing urban population, transformed into regions of exceptional socio-economic value. By removing vegetation and soil, grading the land surface and saturating soil air content, urban developments are more likely to be flooded, which will be further exacerbated by an anticipated increase in the number of intense rainfall events, due to climate change. To date, data collected show that urban pluvial flood events are on the rise for both the UK and China. This paper presents a critical review of existing sustainable approaches to urban flood management, by comparing UK practice with that in China and critically assessing whether lessons can be learnt from the Sponge City initiative. The authors have identified a strategic research plan to ensure that the sponge city initiative can successfully respond to extreme climatic events and tackle pluvial flooding. Hence, this review suggests that future research should focus on (1) the development of a more localized rainfall model for the Chinese climate; (2) the role of retrofit SuDS (Sustainable Drainage Systems) in challenging water environments; (3) the development of a robust SuDS selection tool, ensuring that the most effective devices are installed, based on local factors; and (4) dissemination of current information, and increased understanding of maintenance and whole life-costing, alongside monitoring the success of sponge cities to increase the confidence of decision makers (5) the community engagement and education about sponge cities.

scholarly journals Sponge city construction in China: policy and implementation experiences

Water Policy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenyao Xiang ◽  
Jiahong Liu ◽  
Weiwei Shao ◽  
Chao Mei ◽  
Jinjun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
City Construction

Abstract To deal with the three universal urban water problems – namely storm floods, water pollution and water shortage – China has implemented a comprehensive solution: the Sponge City Construction Project. Sponge cities aim to reduce runoff and pollution, and also to restore downstream ecologies. They combine low impact development methods with grey infrastructures, large-scale flood control projects and rehabilitation. This paper describes Chinese experiences of construction and financing for implementation of sponge cities, which could provide references to other countries for building sustainable, climate-resilient cities and urban water management systems. It illustrates the objectives and methods of the sponge city design and demonstrates the differences in configuration and funding structures in cities of different climates and economic conditions. The total construction area involved in the pilot cities covers 449 km2. The configurations are distinct due to different economic conditions, climates and land forms: a humid district inclines to drainage-efficient approaches and pollution control devices, while a semi-humid district prefers green infrastructures and rainwater reuse facilities. The Chinese government plays an important role in the funding of sponge cities: Chinese central government provided CNY (¥)20.7 billion for the construction of 16 cities during 2015–2017, while the rest came from local governments and non-governmental investors.

scholarly journals Water quality evaluation and apportionment of pollution sources: a case study of the Baralia and Puthimari River (India)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunwar Raghvendra Singh ◽  
Ankit Pratim Goswami ◽  
Ajay S. Kalamdhad ◽  
Bimlesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Monitoring Programs

Abstract Water quality monitoring programs are indispensable for developing water conservation strategies, but elucidation of large and random datasets generated in these monitoring programs has become a global challenge. Rapid urbanization, industrialization and population growth pose a threat of pollution for the surface water bodies of the Assam, state in northeastern India. This calls for strict water quality monitoring programs, which would thereby help in understanding the status of water bodies.In this study, the water quality of Baralia and Puthimari River of Assam was assessed using cluster analysis (CA), information entropy, and principal component analysis (PCA) to derive useful information from observed data. 15 sampling sites were selected for collection of samples during the period May 2016- June 2017. Collected samples were analysed for 20 physicochemical parameters. Hierarchal CA was used to classify the sampling sites in different clusters. CA grouped all the sites into 3 clusters based on observed variables. Water quality of rivers was evaluated using entropy weighted water quality index (EWQI). EWQI of rivers varied from 61.62 to 314.68. PCA was applied to recognise various pollution sources. PCA identified six principal components that elucidated 87.9% of the total variance and represented surface runoff, untreated domestic wastewater and illegally dumped municipal solid waste (MSW) as major factors affecting the water quality. This study will help policymakers and managers for making better decisions in allocating funds and determining priorities. It will also assist in effective and efficient policies for the improvement of water quality.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review Comparing Urban Flood Management Practices in India to China’s Sponge City Program

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6346
Author(s):  
Nawnit Kumar ◽  
Xiaoli Liu ◽  
Sanjena Narayanasamydamodaran ◽  
Kamlesh Kumar Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Sponge City

India and China are among the two most populous countries in the world that concomitantly incur substantial flood-related losses, and both countries are also experiencing rapid urbanization. This study was conducted to trace the major urban flooding cases in these countries between 2014 and 2020 and probe into their existing flood mitigation policies with special focus on China’s Sponge City Program (SCP). A systematic review using preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA) was conducted. Results showed that both these countries experienced comparable challenges in terms of the need for localized low impact development (LID) planning given their extensive geographically induced diversities. Improved inter-governmental and inter-agential coordination, new avenues of funding involving public and private enterprises with accommodations to source local products and services to boost local economies, improved practical and technical understanding for working professionals and improved community acceptance and participation are also recommended. It is concluded that India should try to focus on holistic urban water resilience as China does with its Sponge City Program and that China should take a cue from India’s contractual and tender-based private service sourcing methods to tide over its financial setbacks in order to achieve its ambitious targets for 2030.

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