scholarly journals SuDS & Sponge Cities: A Comparative Analysis of the Implementation of Pluvial Flood Management in the UK and China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Lashford ◽  
Matteo Rubinato ◽  
Yanpeng Cai ◽  
Jingming Hou ◽  
Soroush Abolfathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
Rainfall Model ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Whole Life Costing

In recent decades, rapid urbanization has resulted in a growing urban population, transformed into regions of exceptional socio-economic value. By removing vegetation and soil, grading the land surface and saturating soil air content, urban developments are more likely to be flooded, which will be further exacerbated by an anticipated increase in the number of intense rainfall events, due to climate change. To date, data collected show that urban pluvial flood events are on the rise for both the UK and China. This paper presents a critical review of existing sustainable approaches to urban flood management, by comparing UK practice with that in China and critically assessing whether lessons can be learnt from the Sponge City initiative. The authors have identified a strategic research plan to ensure that the sponge city initiative can successfully respond to extreme climatic events and tackle pluvial flooding. Hence, this review suggests that future research should focus on (1) the development of a more localized rainfall model for the Chinese climate; (2) the role of retrofit SuDS (Sustainable Drainage Systems) in challenging water environments; (3) the development of a robust SuDS selection tool, ensuring that the most effective devices are installed, based on local factors; and (4) dissemination of current information, and increased understanding of maintenance and whole life-costing, alongside monitoring the success of sponge cities to increase the confidence of decision makers (5) the community engagement and education about sponge cities.

scholarly journals Interpretation and application of Sponge City guidelines in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 378 (2168) ◽  
pp. 20190222 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Griffiths ◽  
Faith Ka Shun Chan ◽  
Michelle Shao ◽  
Fangfang Zhu ◽  
David Laurence Higgitt
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
Surface Water Management ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk

‘Sponge City’ is the term used to describe the Chinese government's approach to urban surface water management. The concept was conceived in 2014 in response to an increasing incidence of urban flooding or water-logging in Chinese cities. While ambitious and far-reaching in its aim (of decreasing national flood risk, increasing water supply and improving water quality), the initiative must be implemented by individual subprovincial or municipal-level government entities. Thus, while the concept is similar to sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) in the UK (or low-impact development (LID) in the USA), it is developing with different regional characteristics, and during continuing rapid urbanization. Indeed, the increasing use of national rather than international examples of best practice reflects a growing body of knowledge that has evolved since the start of the Sponge City initiative. In this paper, interpretation and development of the national Sponge City guidelines are assessed for the Ningbo Municipality, an affluent and rapidly expanding city on China's low-lying east coast. While climate, geology and socio-economic factors can all be seen to influence the way that national guidelines are implemented, project financing, integration and assessment are found to be of increasing influence. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Urban flood resilience’.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review Comparing Urban Flood Management Practices in India to China’s Sponge City Program

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6346
Author(s):  
Nawnit Kumar ◽  
Xiaoli Liu ◽  
Sanjena Narayanasamydamodaran ◽  
Kamlesh Kumar Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Sponge City

India and China are among the two most populous countries in the world that concomitantly incur substantial flood-related losses, and both countries are also experiencing rapid urbanization. This study was conducted to trace the major urban flooding cases in these countries between 2014 and 2020 and probe into their existing flood mitigation policies with special focus on China’s Sponge City Program (SCP). A systematic review using preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA) was conducted. Results showed that both these countries experienced comparable challenges in terms of the need for localized low impact development (LID) planning given their extensive geographically induced diversities. Improved inter-governmental and inter-agential coordination, new avenues of funding involving public and private enterprises with accommodations to source local products and services to boost local economies, improved practical and technical understanding for working professionals and improved community acceptance and participation are also recommended. It is concluded that India should try to focus on holistic urban water resilience as China does with its Sponge City Program and that China should take a cue from India’s contractual and tender-based private service sourcing methods to tide over its financial setbacks in order to achieve its ambitious targets for 2030.

scholarly journals Sponge City Program (SCP) and Urban Flood Management (UFM)—The Case of Guiyang, SW China

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 2784
Author(s):  
Yunfei Qi ◽  
Faith Ka Shun Chan ◽  
James Griffiths ◽  
Meili Feng ◽  
Yanfang Sang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flood Management ◽  
Water Flooding ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Current Function ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
Sw China ◽  
Chinese Cities ◽  
Urban Issues ◽  
Primary Type

Flood management is a complex issue in Chinese cities that exhibit high populations and have undergone rapid urbanization. Urban flood management (UFM) approaches can be used to mitigate urban flood risk. To address urban issues of poor water quality and urban surface flooding, the Sponge City Program (SCP) was initiated in 2013 in China. The SCP aims to provide an opportunity for Chinese cities to improve their current UFM practices. This study looks at Guiyang (a pilot sponge city located in SW China) as a case study to identify the challenges and opportunities of UFM in China. Guiyang is a valley city surrounded by a hilly landscape. Using interview records and flood data, we illustrate that the primary type of flood in Guiyang is fluvial rather than surface water flooding. In Guiyang, the current function and targets of the SCP have yet to engage with the catchment level flood management, instead mainly focusing on the site-specific context (i.e., community level). Catchment flood management planning (CFMP) and natural flood management (NFM) both address this problem and may be a more suitable approach to manage flood discharge from the upper and middle catchments in Guiyang. In addition, it is suggested that a mixed option combining “hard” infrastructure (e.g., reservoirs and floodwalls) with “soft” flood management measures (e.g., improving people awareness and participation) may improve urban flood resilience in Chinese cities.

Preliminary research on sponge city concept for urban flood reduction: a case study on ten sponge city pilot projects in Shanghai, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 961-985
Author(s):  
Shuxian Feng ◽  
Toshiya Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Field Survey ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pilot Projects ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis research aimed to determine the differences and similarities in each pilot project to understand the primary design forms and concepts of sponge city concept (SCC) projects in China. It also aimed to examine ten pilot projects in Shanghai to extrapolate their main characteristics and the processes necessary for implementing SCC projects effectively.Design/methodology/approachA literature review and field survey case study were employed. Data were mostly collected through a field survey in Shanghai, focusing on both the projects and the surrounding environment. Based on these projects' examination, a comparative method was used to determine the characteristics of the ten pilot SCC projects and programs in Shanghai.FindingsSix main types of SCC projects among 30 pilot cities were classified in this research to find differences and similarities among the pilot cities. Four sponge design methods were classified into ten pilot projects. After comparing each project size using the same geographical size, three geometrical types were categorized into both existing and new city areas. SCC project characteristics could be identified by combining four methods and three geometrical types and those of the SCC programs by comparing the change in land-use and the surrounding environment in ten pilot projects.Originality/valueThe results are valuable for implementing SCC projects in China and elsewhere and future research on the impact of SCC projects.

scholarly journals A Review of Recent Studies on Urban Stormwater Drainage System for Urban Flood Management

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manaye Teshome ◽  
Allu Revathi Devi
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Flood Disaster ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Urban Stormwater ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Pluvial Flooding

Stormwater drainage and urban flooding are the popular issues in policy agendas and academia. Although the research on these title increases steadily an integrated review on stormwater drainage and urban flood with a focus on pluvial flooding has yet to be produced. This paper presents a critical review on stormwater drainage and urban flood based on 78 selected journal papers published over the period of 1990 to 2018. The review focus on pluvial flooding to relate urban stormwater drainage management and urban flood disaster management and to show the links between the two. The methods taken to manage urban stormwater drainage and urban flooding as well as the complexity of achieving a comprehensive urban flood disaster management are evaluated and discussed. To better understand the concepts behind urban flood and improve the urban flood risk management strategies, recommendation of future research directions are also provided.

A Modelling Tool for Assessing Flood Risk

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Balmforth ◽  
P. Dibben
Keyword(s):  
Asset Management ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Individual Property ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Water Companies ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Developed World

Managing urban flooding remains one of the key challenges for the operators of sewerage systems in the developed world. In the UK it has been an important area of investment over the last five-year asset management period, and will be even higher on the agenda for the next five. Although modern software tools are extremely sophisticated in estimating the probability of sewer surcharging and surface flooding, the science of assessing individual property flood risk is still in its infancy. The authors have developed a flood risk tool to identify the consequential effects of sewer system overloading in terms of individual property flood risk. This is post-processing software using the output from conventional modelling software. The tool recognises two separate causes of property flooding: backing up flow through connecting drains when sewers are surcharged, and the conveyance of flood flows over the surface. The severity of each is combined with return period to give a flood risk score for each property within a catchment. The tool has been trialled by UK water companies as a proactive way of managing flood risk and has been shown to offer significant advantages over traditional methods of urban flood management.

scholarly journals Development of a Heterogeneity Analysis Framework for Collaborative Sponge City Management

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Li ◽  
Shou Dong ◽  
Yue Huang ◽  
Guang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Collaborative Management ◽  
City Management ◽  
Analysis Framework ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
City Construction

Rapid urbanization, inappropriate urban planning and the changing climate in many countries have resulted in flooding, water shortage and water pollution around the world. Although the sponge city concept has been applied in both macro-scales and micro-scales to address those challenges, research on the heterogeneity of different cities for sponge city construction and the collaborative management between cities is insufficient. Therefore, this paper proposes a multivariate cluster analysis framework and conducts an empirical study using 96 Chinese cities. By considering the local infrastructure, economic development, water resource distribution, water quality and precipitation characteristics in each city, and integrating the principal component analysis and a self-organizing feature mapping network, this paper shows the potential of regional and interregional sponge city collaborative management. This will provide an opportunity for developing a new sponge city management mechanism and will promote the establishment of multi-functional departments for urban flood control and water quality improvement.

scholarly journals A Review of Recent Studies on Urban Stormwater Drainage System for Urban Flood Management

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manaye Teshome
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Flood Disaster ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Urban Stormwater ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Pluvial Flooding

Stormwater drainage and urban flooding are the popular issues in policy agendas and academia. Although the research on these title increases steadily an integrated review on stormwater drainage and urban flood with a focus on pluvial flooding has yet to be produced. This paper presents a critical review on stormwater drainage and urban flood based on 78 selected journal papers published over the period of 1990 to 2018. The review focus on pluvial flooding to relate urban stormwater drainage management and urban flood disaster management and to show the links between the two. The methods taken to manage urban stormwater drainage and urban flooding as well as the complexity of achieving a comprehensive urban flood disaster management are evaluated and discussed. To better understand the concepts behind urban flood and improve the urban flood risk management strategies, recommendation of future research directions are also provided.

scholarly journals Review on sponge city construction for flood management

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Femin Maria IX ◽  
Elba Helen George
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Environment Change ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
City Construction

Due to the global climate change and the rapid progress of urbanization, the frequent occurrence of flooding disasters and severe pollution seriously threaten the sustainable development of modern cities. To solve these problems, China first started the construction of the ‘Sponge City’. Sponge city can improve city’s ability to adapt to the environment change and to cope with floods; it can also make them more sustainable. It was not only meant for urban flood control, but also rainwater harvest, ecological restoration of urban land and water quality improvement. The rainfall received in 2020 in Hyderabad of India, has been the highest for the month October in a century. The risk is going to increase year after year in the whole nation. So India too needs a mission that mitigates flood risk and provides a pathway to water security. And the most promising solution across the world at this time can be the idea to adopt Sponge city construction. Improper research in this field will lead to huge maintenance difficulties and other related problems. This paper mainly focuses on presenting the concepts of sponge city construction along with its pathway. Not only does it focus on Sponge city’s benefits, but also its challenges are also stated, which leads to better understanding about its scope of continuing for future. Keywords: Flood control, sponge city, green infrastructure, urban floods.

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