scholarly journals Estimating the Isotopic Altitude Gradient for Hydrogeological Studies in Mountainous Areas: Are the Low-Yield Springs Suitable? Insights from the Northern Apennines of Italy

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tazioli ◽  
Cervi ◽  
Doveri ◽  
Mussi ◽  
Deiana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
Precipitation Regime ◽  
Altitude Effect ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
Stable Isotopic ◽  
Windward Slope ◽  
Hydrogeological Studies ◽  
Stable Isotopes Of Water

Several prior studies investigated the use of stable isotopes of water in hydrogeological applications, most on a local scale and often involving the isotopic gradient (evaluated by exploiting the so-called altitude effect), calculated on the basis of rainwater isotopes. A few times, this gradient has been obtained using the stable isotopic contents of low-yield springs in a limited time series. Despite the fact that this method has been recognized by the hydrogeological community, marked differences have been observed with respect to the mean stable isotopes content of groundwater and rainwater. The present investigation compares the stable isotopic signatures of 23 low-yield springs discharging along two transects from the Tyrrhenian sea to the Po Plain of Italy, evaluates the different isotopic gradients and assesses their distribution in relation to some climatic and topographic conditions. Stable isotopes of water show that groundwater in the study area is recharged by precipitation and that the precipitation regime in the eastern portion of the study area is strongly controlled by a shadow effect caused by the Alps chain on the air masses from central Europe. Stable isotopes (in particular the δ18O and deuterium excess (d-excess) contents together with the obtained isotopic gradients) allow us to identify in the study area an opposite oriented orographic effect and a different provenance of the air masses. When the windward slope is located on the Tyrrhenian side, the precipitation shows a predominant oceanic origin; when the windward slope moves to the Adriatic side, the precipitation is characterized by a continental origin. The main results of this study confirm the usefulness of low-yield springs and the need for a highly detailed survey-scale hydrological investigation in the mountainous context.

Temperature affects carbon and nitrogen stable isotopic signatures of aquatic plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peiyu Zhang ◽  
Xianghong Kong ◽  
Elisabeth S. Bakker ◽  
Jun Xu ◽  
Min Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Stable Isotopic

Tracing the isotopic signatures of cryospheric water and establishing the altitude effect in Central Himalayas: A tool for cryospheric water partitioning

2021 ◽  
Vol 595 ◽  
pp. 125983
Author(s):  
Neeraj Pant ◽  
Prabhat Semwal ◽  
Suhas Damodar Khobragade ◽  
Shive Prakash Rai ◽  
Sudhir Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Altitude Effect ◽  
Central Himalayas ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
Water Partitioning

Nitrogen-stable isotopic signatures of basal food items, primary consumers and omnivores in rivers with different levels of human impact

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayato Kohzu ◽  
Ichiro Tayasu ◽  
Chikage Yoshimizu ◽  
Atsushi Maruyama ◽  
Yukihiro Kohmatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Impact ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Stable Isotopic ◽  
Primary Consumers ◽  
Different Levels

scholarly journals Dynamic Metasomatism: Stable Isotopes, Fluid Evolution, and Deformation of Albitite and Scapolite Metagabbro (Bamble Lithotectonic Domain, South Norway)

Geofluids ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ane K. Engvik ◽  
Heinrich Taubald ◽  
Arne Solli ◽  
Tor Grenne ◽  
Håkon Austrheim
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Chemical Evolution ◽  
Metal Transport ◽  
Ductile Deformation ◽  
Crustal Evolution ◽  
Fluid Type ◽  
Isotopic Data ◽  
Magmatic Rocks ◽  
Stable Isotopic ◽  
Magmatic Fluids

New stable isotopic data from mineral separates of albite, scapolite, amphibole, quartz, and calcite of metasomatic rocks (Bamble lithotectonic domain) give increased knowledge on fluid type, source, and evolution during metamorphism. Albite from a variety of albitites givesδ18OSMOWvalues of 5.1–11.1‰, while quartz from clinopyroxene-bearing albitite gives 11.5–11.6‰.δ18OSMOWvalues for calcite samples varies between 3.4 and 12.4‰and shows more consistentδ13C values of −4.6 to-6.0‰. Amphibole from scapolite metagabbro yields aδ18OSMOWvalue of 4.3 to 6.7‰andδDSMOWvalue of −84 to −50‰, while the scapolite givesδ18OSMOWvalues in the range of 7.4 to10.6‰. These results support the interpretation that the original magmatic rocks were metasomatised by seawater solutions with a possible involvement from magmatic fluids. Scapolitisation and albitisation led to contrasting chemical evolution with respect to elements like P, Ti, V, Fe, and halogens. The halogens deposited as Cl-scapolite were dissolved by albitisation fluid and reused as a ligand for metal transport. Many of the metal deposits in the Bamble lithotectonic domain, including Fe-ores, rutile, and apatite deposits formed during metasomatism. Brittle to ductile deformation concurrent with metasomatic infiltration illustrates the dynamics and importance of metasomatic processes during crustal evolution.

Stable Isotopes Analysis of Precipitation in Subtropical Plateau of Yunnan

2014 ◽  
Vol 1010-1012 ◽  
pp. 1059-1063
Author(s):  
Wei Guan ◽  
Tao Fan ◽  
Xiu Qin Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Precipitation Line ◽  
Stable Isotopic ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

To elucidate the relationship between stable isotopes of precipitation (SIP) and the extreme drought in Kunming area, based on the stable isotopes data of the GNIP in Kunming site from 1986 to 2003, the precipitation line equation is brought forward and the seasonal change rule of stable isotopes are discussed. The stable isotopic compositions of precipitation exhibit great diversities in different seasons during to influences of multiple factors, such as monsoon, rainfall amount moisture source and others. The δ18O values in rainwater exhibit significant seasonal variations, the average of-10.12‰ in rainy season, the dry season is-4.5‰, having lower values in the rainy season and higher one in the dry season. The amount effect of precipitation is very distinct, that concealed the temperature effect. Got the special geographical position,dvalues present unique characteristics, the average ofdvalues is 10.78‰ in rainy season, and is 4.86‰ in dry season, the mean value is generally lower than most parts of the world.

scholarly journals Isotopic signatures of major methane sources in the coal seam gas fields and adjacent agricultural districts, Queensland, Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 10527-10555
Author(s):  
Xinyi Lu ◽  
Stephen J. Harris ◽  
Rebecca E. Fisher ◽  
James L. France ◽  
Euan G. Nisbet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coal Seam ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Source Attribution ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Coal Seam Gas ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
Keeling Plot ◽  
Stable Isotopic ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Gas Fields

Abstract. In regions where there are multiple sources of methane (CH4) in close proximity, it can be difficult to apportion the CH4 measured in the atmosphere to the appropriate sources. In the Surat Basin, Queensland, Australia, coal seam gas (CSG) developments are surrounded by cattle feedlots, grazing cattle, piggeries, coal mines, urban centres and natural sources of CH4. The characterization of carbon (δ13C) and hydrogen (δD) stable isotopic composition of CH4 can help distinguish between specific emitters of CH4. However, in Australia there is a paucity of data on the various isotopic signatures of the different source types. This research examines whether dual isotopic signatures of CH4 can be used to distinguish between sources of CH4 in the Surat Basin. We also highlight the benefits of sampling at nighttime. During two campaigns in 2018 and 2019, a mobile CH4 monitoring system was used to detect CH4 plumes. Sixteen plumes immediately downwind from known CH4 sources (or individual facilities) were sampled and analysed for their CH4 mole fraction and δ13CCH4 and δDCH4 signatures. The isotopic signatures of the CH4 sources were determined using the Keeling plot method. These new source signatures were then compared to values documented in reports and peer-reviewed journal articles. In the Surat Basin, CSG sources have δ13CCH4 signatures between −55.6 ‰ and −50.9 ‰ and δDCH4 signatures between −207.1 ‰ and −193.8 ‰. Emissions from an open-cut coal mine have δ13CCH4 and δDCH4 signatures of -60.0±0.6 ‰ and -209.7±1.8 ‰ respectively. Emissions from two ground seeps (abandoned coal exploration wells) have δ13CCH4 signatures of -59.9±0.3 ‰ and -60.5±0.2 ‰ and δDCH4 signatures of -185.0±3.1 ‰ and -190.2±1.4 ‰. A river seep had a δ13CCH4 signature of -61.2±1.4 ‰ and a δDCH4 signature of -225.1±2.9 ‰. Three dominant agricultural sources were analysed. The δ13CCH4 and δDCH4 signatures of a cattle feedlot are -62.9±1.3 ‰ and -310.5±4.6 ‰ respectively, grazing (pasture) cattle have δ13CCH4 and δDCH4 signatures of -59.7±1.0 ‰ and -290.5±3.1 ‰ respectively, and a piggery sampled had δ13CCH4 and δDCH4 signatures of -47.6±0.2 ‰ and -300.1±2.6 ‰ respectively, which reflects emissions from animal waste. An export abattoir (meat works and processing) had δ13CCH4 and δDCH4 signatures of -44.5±0.2 ‰ and -314.6±1.8 ‰ respectively. A plume from a wastewater treatment plant had δ13CCH4 and δDCH4 signatures of -47.6±0.2 ‰ and -177.3±2.3 ‰ respectively. In the Surat Basin, source attribution is possible when both δ13CCH4 and δDCH4 are measured for the key categories of CSG, cattle, waste from feedlots and piggeries, and water treatment plants. Under most field situations using δ13CCH4 alone will not enable clear source attribution. It is common in the Surat Basin for CSG and feedlot facilities to be co-located. Measurement of both δ13CCH4 and δDCH4 will assist in source apportionment where the plumes from two such sources are mixed.

scholarly journals C and N elemental and stable isotopic signatures in sedimentary organic matter from Lake Pamvotis (Greece)

Geologija ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polona Vreča ◽  
Constantine Stalikas ◽  
Gregor Muri ◽  
Victoria Daskalau ◽  
Tjaša Kanduč ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sedimentary Organic Matter ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
Stable Isotopic ◽  
C And N

scholarly journals Warm-based basal sediment entrainment and far-field Pleistocene origin evidenced in central Transantarctic blue ice through stable isotopes and internal structures

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (244) ◽  
pp. 185-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSEPH A. GRALY ◽  
KATHY J. LICHT ◽  
CHRISTINE M. KASSAB ◽  
BROXTON W. BIRD ◽  
MICHAEL R. KAPLAN
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Ice Flow ◽  
Air Bubble ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Flow Speeds ◽  
Sediment Entrainment ◽  
Stable Isotopes Of Water ◽  
Basal Melting

ABSTRACTStable isotopes of water (δ18O and δ2H) were measured in the debris-laden ice underlying an Antarctic blue ice moraine, and in adjoining Law Glacier in the central Transantarctic Mountains. Air bubble content and morphology were assessed in shallow ice core samples. Stable isotope measurements plot either on the meteoric waterline or are enriched from it. The data cluster in two groups: the ice underlying the moraine has a δ2H:δ18O slope of 5.35 ± 0.92; ice from adjoining portions of Law Glacier has a slope of 6.69 ± 1.39. This enrichment pattern suggests the moraine's underlying blue ice entrained sediment through refreezing processes acting in an open system. Glaciological conditions favorable to warm-based sediment entrainment occur 30–50 km upstream. Basal melting and refreezing are further evidenced by abundant vapor figures formed from internal melting of the ice crystals. Both the moraine ice and Law Glacier are sufficiently depleted of heavy isotopes that their ice cannot be sourced locally, but instead must be derived from far-field interior regions of the higher polar plateau. Modeled ice flow speeds suggest the ice must be at least 80 ka old, with Law Glacier's ice possibly dating to OIS 5 and moraine ice older still.

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