scholarly journals Using Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) for Locating and Characterising Infiltration and Inflow into Foul Sewers before, during and after Snowmelt Period

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1529
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Panasiuk ◽  
Annelie Hedström ◽  
Jeroen Langeveld ◽  
Cornelis de Haan ◽  
Erik Liefting ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Period ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Temperature Sensing ◽  
Cold Climates ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Distributed Temperature Sensing ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Snowmelt Period

Infiltration and inflow (I/I) into sewers cause negative effects on the sewer system, wastewater treatment plant and environment. Identifying the causes and locating the inflows is necessary in order to address the I/I problem. This paper focuses on using distributed temperature sensing (DTS) for identifying, locating and characterising I/I into a sewer system during the end of winter–beginning of summer transition period under dry and wet weather conditions. During snowmelt, several locations with I/I were identified, while these locations did not show I/I during storm events after the snowmelt. In addition, during a very heavy storm after the snowmelt period, I/I was found at other locations. Therefore, DTS was demonstrated to be effective in identifying the type of I/I and in locating I/I. Finally, I/I monitoring campaigns in cold climates should take into account the variety of pathways of I/I during snowmelt and during rainfall.

scholarly journals Monitoring the Hydraulic Performance of Sewers Using Fibre Optic Distributed Temperature Sensing

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2451
Author(s):  
Cedric Kechavarzi ◽  
Philip Keenan ◽  
Xiaomin Xu ◽  
Yi Rui
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Hydraulic Performance ◽  
Temperature Sensing ◽  
Fibre Optic ◽  
Distributed Temperature Sensing ◽  
Water Flow Velocity ◽  
Sewer Network

The hydraulic performance of sewers is a major public concern in industrialised countries. In this study, fibre optic distributed temperature sensing (DTS) is used to monitor the discharge of wastewater for three months to assess the performance of a long underground foul sewer in a village in the UK. DTS cables were installed in the invert of sewer pipes to obtain distributed temperature change data along the sewer network. DTS generates a series of two-dimensional data sets (temperature against distance) that can be visualised in waterfall plots to help identify anomalies. The spatial and temperature resolutions are 2 m and 0.2–0.3 °C, respectively. The monitoring data clearly identify high-temperature plumes, which represent the flow of household wastewater in the sewer. Based on the analysis of the waterfall plots, it is found that the flow velocity is about 0.14 m/s under normal conditions. When continuous moderate rain or heavy rain occurs, water backs up from the water treatment plant to upstream distances of up to 400 m and the water flow velocity in the sewer decreases sharply to about 0.03 m/s, which demonstrates the ability of the DTS to localise anomalies in the sewer network.

scholarly journals Searching for storm water inflows in foul sewers using fibre-optic distributed temperature sensing

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1723-1730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémy Schilperoort ◽  
Holger Hoppe ◽  
Cornelis de Haan ◽  
Jeroen Langeveld
Keyword(s):  
Water System ◽  
Temperature Sensing ◽  
Water Inflow ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Distributed Temperature Sensing ◽  
Efficient Removal ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Foul Water

A major drawback of separate sewer systems is the occurrence of illicit connections: unintended sewer cross-connections that connect foul water outlets from residential or industrial premises to the storm water system and/or storm water outlets to the foul sewer system. The amount of unwanted storm water in foul sewer systems can be significant, resulting in a number of detrimental effects on the performance of the wastewater system. Efficient removal of storm water inflows into foul sewers requires knowledge of the exact locations of the inflows. This paper presents the use of distributed temperature sensing (DTS) monitoring data to localize illicit storm water inflows into foul sewer systems. Data results from two monitoring campaigns in foul sewer systems in the Netherlands and Germany are presented. For both areas a number of storm water inflow locations can be derived from the data. Storm water inflow can only be detected as long as the temperature of this inflow differs from the in-sewer temperatures prior to the event. Also, the in-sewer propagation of storm and wastewater can be monitored, enabling a detailed view on advection.

scholarly journals Impact of surface condition and roughness on sediment formation: an experimental sewer system operated with real wastewater

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Berzio ◽  
R.-L. Lange ◽  
M. Schlüter ◽  
S. Ulutaş ◽  
B. Bosseler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Condition ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Acrylic Glass ◽  
Sediment Formation ◽  
Glass Tubes ◽  
Real Wastewater ◽  
Logarithmic Relationship ◽  
Abrasive Paper

Regular sewer cleaning in North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany) generates annual costs of around 50 million Euros. This leads to the question of whether and to what extent sewer cleaning is necessary. To determine the effect of roughness, sewer surface condition and discharge, experiments with real wastewater were performed, using a sewer test track with acrylic glass tubes (DN 300) prepared with abrasive paper and nature stone tiles at the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) Bochum-Ölbachtal (Ruhrverband, Germany). A logarithmic relationship between deposit height and time was found to lead to maximum deposit heights of 5 to 60 mm. Surface structure analysis by texture measuring indicated that deposits within the first 28 days after cleaning are highly influenced by the surface condition of the sewer and not necessarily by roughness. Furthermore, under dry weather conditions deposit heights are nearly stable after this time, indicating the limiting effect of sewer cleaning. Deposit formation amounted to 1.75–1.80 mm/d at a roughness of ks = 0.10 mm (fine but catchy microstructure) and 0–0.1 mm/d at ks 1.25 mm (wavy microstructure) at steady state and transient discharge within the first 28 days after sewer cleaning.

Fibre-optic distributed temperature sensing in combined sewer systems

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1127-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. S. Schilperoort ◽  
F. H. L. R. Clemens
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Sensing ◽  
Fibre Optic ◽  
Distributed Temperature Sensing ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Combined Sewer System ◽  
Fibre Optic Cable ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Single Instrument

This paper introduces the application of fibre-optic distributed temperature sensing (DTS) in combined sewer systems. The DTS-technique uses a fibre-optic cable that is inserted into a combined sewer system in combination with a laser instrument that performs measurements and logs the data. The DTS-technique allows monitoring in-sewer temperatures with dense spatial and temporal resolutions. The installation of a fibre-optic cable in a combined sewer system has proven feasible. The use of a single instrument in an easy accessible and safe location that can simultaneously monitor up to several hundreds of monitoring locations makes the DTS set-up easy in use and nearly free of maintenance. Temperature data from a one-week monitoring campaign in an 1,850 m combined sewer system shows the level of detail with which in-sewer processes that affect wastewater temperatures can be studied. Individual discharges from house-connections can be tracked in time and space. With a dedicated cable configuration the confluence of wastewater flows can be observed with a potential to derive the relative contributions of contributary flows to a total flow. Also, the inflow and in-sewer propagation of stormwater can be monitored.

Field campaign on sediment transport behaviour in a pressure main from pumping station to wastewater treatment plant in Berlin

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 2025-2033
Author(s):  
M. Gunkel ◽  
E. Pawlowsky-Reusing
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Field Campaign ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Transport Behaviour

As part of the project KURAS, the Berliner Wasserbetriebe realized a field campaign in 2015 in order to increase the process knowledge regarding the behaviour of transported sediment in the pressure main leading from the pumpstation to the wastewater treatment plant. The field campaign was conducted because of a lack of knowledge about the general condition of the pressure main due to its bad accessibility and the suspicion of deposits caused by hydraulic underload. The practical evidence of the sediment transport performance of this part of the sewer system, dependent on different load cases, should present a basis for further analysis, for example regarding flushing measures. A positive side-effect of the investigation was the description of the amount of pollutants caused by different weather conditions in combined sewer systems and the alterations of the sewage composition due to biogenic processes during transport. The concept included the parallel sampling of the inflow at the pumpstation and the outflow at the end of the pressure main during different weather conditions. By calculating the inflow to the pressure main, as well as its outflow at different flow conditions, it was possible to draw conclusions in regard to the transport behaviour of sediment and the bioprocesses within an 8.5 km section of the pressure main. The results show clearly that the effects of sedimentation and remobilization depend on the flow conditions. The balance of the total suspended solids (TSS) load during daily variations in dry weather shows that the remobilization effect during the run-off peak is not able to compensate for the period of sedimentation happening during the low flow at night. Based on the data for dry weather, an average of 238 kg of TSS deposits in the pressure main remains per day. The remobilization of sediment occurs only due to the abruptly increased delivery rates caused by precipitation events. These high pollution loads lead to a sudden strain at the wastewater treatment plant. It was found that the sediment transport behaviour is characterized by sedimentation up to a flow velocity of 0.35 m/s, while remobilization effects occur above 0.5 m/s. The assumption of bad sediment transport performance in the pressure main was confirmed. Therefore, the results can be used as a basis for further analysis, for example regarding periodical flushing as a means of cleaning the pressure main. The findings, especially regarding the methods and processes, are transferable and can be applied to other pressure mains in combined sewer systems. Besides the outlined evaluation of the sediment transport behaviour of the pressure main, the collected data were used in the project to calibrate a sewer system model, including a water quality model for the catchment area, and as a contribution towards an early physically based sediment transport modelling in InfoWorks CS.

scholarly journals Quantification Assessment of Extraneous Water Infiltration and Inflow by Analysis of the Thermal Behavior of the Sewer Network

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Beheshti ◽  
Sveinung Sægrov
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optic ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Distributed Temperature Sensing ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Sanitary Sewer ◽  
Sewer Network ◽  
Sustainable Urban Water Management

Infiltration and inflow (I/I) of unwanted water in separate urban sewer networks are critical issues for sustainable urban water management. Accurate quantification of unwanted water I/I from individual sources into a sewer system is an essential task for assessing the status of the sewer network and conducting rehabilitation measures. The study aim was to quantify extraneous water I/I into a sanitary sewer network by a temperature-based method, i.e., fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (DTS), which was applied for the first time in a separate sewer network of a catchment in Trondheim, Norway. The DTS technology is a relatively new technology for sewer monitoring, developed over the past decade. It is based on continual temperature measurement along a fiber-optic cable installed in the sewer network. The feasibility of this method has been tested in both experimental discharges and for the rainfall-derived I/I. The results achieved from the monitoring campaign established the promising applicability of the DTS technique in the quantification analysis. Furthermore, the application of this method in quantifying real-life, rainfall-derived I/I into the sewer system was demonstrated and verified during wet weather conditions.

Monitoring the performance of a storm water separating manifold with distributed temperature sensing

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Langeveld ◽  
C. de Haan ◽  
M. Klootwijk ◽  
R. P. S. Schilperoort
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Temperature Sensing ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Distributed Temperature Sensing ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Monitoring Technique ◽  
Impervious Areas

Storm water separating manifolds in house connections have been introduced as a cost effective solution to disconnect impervious areas from combined sewers. Such manifolds have been applied by the municipality of Breda, the Netherlands. In order to investigate the performance of the manifolds, a monitoring technique (distributed temperature sensing or DTS) using fiber optic cables has been applied in the sewer system of Breda. This paper describes the application of DTS as a research tool in sewer systems. DTS proves to be a powerful tool to monitor the performance of (parts of) a sewer system in time and space. The research project showed that DTS is capable of monitoring the performance of house connections and identifying locations of inflow of both sewage and storm runoff. The research results show that the performance of storm water separating manifolds varies over time, thus making them unreliable.

Flow and pollutant measurements in a combined sewer system to operate a wastewater treatment plant and its storage tank during storm events

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-L. Bertrand-Krajewski ◽  
M. Lefebvre ◽  
B. Lefai ◽  
J.-M. Audic
Keyword(s):  
Storage Tank ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Stormwater Treatment ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
The Future ◽  
Combined Sewer System ◽  
Storm Drainage

Urban storm drainage is considered using an integrated approach taking into account all parts of the sewer system: pipes, storage tanks, overflows, treatment plant and receiving waters. This paper presents an experimental research in Boran-sur-Oise (France) where continuous measurements are carried out in the combined sewer system (catchment area 61 ha), in the storage tank (245 m3) and in the treatment plant (3000 p.e.). One of the objectives is a comprehensive knowledge of effects of storm events on treatment plant process and efficiency. Catchment, sewer system, storage tank, treatment plant and measurements are described. Results for an autumn rainfall are given as an example. Many impacts on the treatment plant are observed. Despite the load increase compared with dry weather periods, especially for TSS and ammonia, the plant efficiency remains satisfactory. Short-term and long-term impacts are distinguished. New rules for storage tank operation are proposed to avoid hydraulic plant overloading and to use the stormwater solids-settling properties. These rules will be tested in the future to verify their compatibility with receiving water quality requirements. Measurements in upstream sewer system could also be used in the future to operate stormwater treatment systems during storm events.

Optimisation potential for a SBR plant based upon integrated modelling for dry and wet weather conditions

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 1953-1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. E. Rönner-Holm ◽  
I. Kaufmann Alves ◽  
H. Steinmetz ◽  
N. C. Holm
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Integrated Modelling ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Wwtp Effluent ◽  
Combined Sewer

Integrated dynamic simulation analysis of a full-scale municipal sequential batch reactor (SBR) wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was performed using the KOSMO pollution load simulation model for the combined sewer system (CSS) and the ASM3 + EAWAG-BioP model for the WWTP. Various optimising strategies for dry and storm weather conditions were developed to raise the purification and hydraulic performance and to reduce operation costs based on simulation studies with the calibrated WWTP model. The implementation of some strategies on the plant led to lower effluent values and an average annual saving of 49,000 € including sewage tax, which is 22% of the total running costs. Dynamic simulation analysis of CSS for an increased WWTP influent over a period of one year showed high potentials for reducing combined sewer overflow (CSO) volume by 18–27% and CSO loads for COD by 22%, NH4-N and Ptotal by 33%. In addition, the SBR WWTP could easily handle much higher influents without exceeding the monitoring values. During the integrated simulation of representative storm events, the total emission load for COD dropped to 90%, the sewer system emitted 47% less, whereas the pollution load in the WWTP effluent increased to only 14% with 2% higher running costs.

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