scholarly journals Study on Characteristics of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss under an Improved Subsurface Drainage

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao ◽  
Wang ◽  
Guan ◽  
Xu ◽  
Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Subsurface Drainage ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Loss ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphate ◽  
Reactive Phosphate ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations

Agricultural drainage plays an effective role in preventing waterlogging and salinity disasters and also is the main transport pathway for agricultural non-point source pollutants into rivers and lakes. Hence, the water quality of agricultural drainage should be a point of focus. In this paper, nitrogen and phosphorus loss under improved subsurface drainage with different filter materials (gravel, layered sand-gravel, mixed sand-gravel, straw) were studied by a three-year field experiment (2016–2018) compared with the conventional subsurface drainage. The pH values, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus and soluble reactive phosphate were considered. The results showed that the nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of drain outflow under improved subsurface drainage with gravel filter were larger than that with layered sand-gravel filter and mixed sand-gravel filter. The improved subsurface drainages with layered sand-gravel filter and mixed sand-gravel filter had an effect on reducing the ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and soluble reactive phosphate concentrations of the outflow. Meanwhile, the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus loss under the improved subsurface drainage with straw filter were different from that with layered sand-gravel filter and mixed sand-gravel filter. For the improved subsurface drainage with layered sand-gravel filter outflow, the ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, and soluble reactive phosphate concentrations were about 13%–78%, 38%–63%, 40%–68% less, and total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen concentrations were 24%–80%,18%–96% more than that under conventional subsurface drainage. Meanwhile, for the improved subsurface drainage with straw filter outflow, compared with conventional subsurface drainage outflow, the percentage changes of the total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and the soluble reactive phosphate concentrations were about −76%–62%, −77%–78%, −152%–−274%, −103%–−400% and −221%–−291%, respectively. Additionally, in the outflow of all subsurface drainage patterns, there were much higher total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen concentrations which should be focused on and the agricultural water management should be adopted.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus in alpine lakes in the Sanjiangyuan Region of the Tibetan Plateau

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 396-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-jin Lu ◽  
Jian-huan Si ◽  
Chuan-ying Hou ◽  
Yu-si Li ◽  
Meng-meng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Alpine Lakes ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Sea Star ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrite Nitrogen

To provide a theoretical basis for alpine source lake protection, ten samples were taken from each lake annually from 2012 to 2015. Each year, the various species of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients were measured. The average contents of nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen in the four lakes are 0.195–0.0 mg/L, 0.038–0.143 mg/L, 0.004–0.168 mg/L, 0.006–0.740 mg/L, and 0.050–0.547 mg/L, respectively. The total phosphorus contents in Eling Lake, Longbao Lake and Sea Star were higher than Class I water quality standards, and the total nitrogen contents in Eling Lake, Sea Star and Zhaling Lake were higher than Class I water quality standards as well. The concentration contour maps of the nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, total phosphorus and total nitrogen showed that the indicators of the four lakes in the east, the west, and the center of the lake did not have the same trend. From 2012 to 2015, each of the measured nutrients showed a rising trend year by year. The four lakes are polluted by both endogenous and exogenous pollution, and it is necessary to limit the exogenous pollution and protect the alpine lakes immediately.

Mechanism Analysis and Experimental Research on the Interception of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Pollutants by Gullies in Northern China

2011 ◽  
Vol 250-253 ◽  
pp. 3392-3396
Author(s):  
Yu Jia Song ◽  
Hui Qing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Mechanism Analysis ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Urban Sewage ◽  
Control Section ◽  
Nitrogen Pollutants

The discharge of urban sewage and agricultural non-point source pollutants is the main reason causing eutrophication in gullies in most cities of northern China. Based on a careful analysis on the ecological structure and ecological characteristics of a gully, this article preliminarily studies the interception and degradation mechanisms of nitrogen pollutants by the gully. Meanwhile, to take gullies in Changchun as the object of the study, this article carries out an experiment on the interception effect of nitrogen pollutants by gullies. This experiment respectively establishes a control section in the upper and lower reaches of a gully, and takes water samples four times in each section from May to August to determine total nitrogen, total phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and salinity. The result shows: the gully plays some role in the interception of pollutants; total phosphorus accounts for the largest interception in pollutants in the experimented gully section, with the relative interception rate of 27.46%, followed by ammonia nitrogen, with the interception rate of 21.80%, which is the result of the combined effects of aquatic plants, microorganisms and sediment in the gully.

scholarly journals Badania modelowe skuteczności oczyszczania ścieków w piasku średnim z warstwą wspomagającą z hydro-antracytu

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-267
Author(s):  
Marek Kalenik
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Phosphorus Compounds ◽  
Medium Sand ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Reduction Efficiency ◽  
Sewage Purification

The model investigations of sewage purification were carried out in a medium sand bed with an assisting hydro-anthracite layer with thickness of 0.10 and 0.20 m. It has been observed that the effectiveness of sewage purification related to basic qualitative parameters (total suspended solids – TSS, BOD5, COD, total nitrogen, total phosphorus) is in accordance with the Polish standards on sewage disposal into grounds and surface water. It has been stated that the medium sand soil bed with the 0.20-meter thick assisting hydro-anthracite layer shows higher effectiveness of sewage purification than the 0.10 m thick assisting layer. This application in the medium sand soil bed increased the removal efficiency regarding TSS by 3.1%, total nitrogen by 29.4%, ammonia nitrogen by 1.2% and total phosphorus by 23.0%, and reduction efficiency regarding BOD5 by 1.5% and COD by 11.3% with relation to the 0.10-meter thick assisting hydro-anthracite layer (all percentages – in average). The investigations confirm that the hydro-anthracite with the granulation of 1.8–2.5 mm can be used to assist in removal of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds from sewages

Influence of the Initial Nitrogen Concentration on Eliminating Nitrogen Load of Europhia Sediment Capping with Active Barrier System (ABS)

2011 ◽  
Vol 374-377 ◽  
pp. 498-503
Author(s):  
Jin Lan Xu ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Jun Chen Kang ◽  
Ting Lin Huang ◽  
Yu Hua Dong
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
Sediment Capping ◽  
Time Treatment ◽  
Total Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Active Barrier

Abstract: Active barrier system (ABS) capping zeolite with large surface area and strong adsorption ability is an effective way to control eutrophication of lake since it can remove ammonia in the lake released by sediment. Influence of the initial nitrogen concentration on eliminating nitrogen load of europhia sediment capping with active barrier system (ABS) were studied through an investigation of the repairment results of serious pollution period (total nitrogen concentration up to 25.33 mg/L), moderate pollution period (14.39 mg/L) and the slight pollution period (3.47 mg/L) of the ancient Canal of Yangzhou. The results showed that: (1) zeolite F1 inhibition effect is stronger than zeolite F2. More TN were removed as the initial TN concentration increased and longer rapid inhibit period were presented with the increased initial TN concentration. (2) The ammonia nitrogen in sediment could be rapidly released into the overlying water, and with lower initial TN concentration in source water, more ammonia would be released from the sediment. Long time treatment was necessary to inhibit the release of ammonia completely if the water showed a high initial TN concentration. (3) After covering zeolite, the total nitrogen in the overlying water were removed mainly through nitrification and denitrification. At the initial TN concentration of 3.47 mg/L, 14.39 mg/L, 25.88 mg/L, 61%, 45% and 52% of TN were removed by the conversion of ammonia to nitrogen gas, however, others left in water as nitrate nitrogen and nitrite residues, and 90% was nitrate nitrogen.

scholarly journals Reducing Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses from Different Crop Types in the Water Source Area of the Danjiang River, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengjing Guo ◽  
Tiegang Zhang ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Zhanbin Li ◽  
Guoce Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Bare Land

Nitrogen and phosphorus are essential for plant growth and are the primary limiting nutrient elements. The loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural systems can cause the eutrophication of natural water bodies. In this paper, a field simulated rainfall experiment was conducted in a typical small watershed of the Danjiang River to study the nutrient loss process of nitrogen and phosphorus in slope croplands subjected to different crops and tillage measures. The characteristics of the runoff process and nutrient migration of different slope treatments were studied, which were the bare-land (BL, as the control), peanut monoculture (PL), corn monoculture (CL), bare land (upper slope) mixed with peanut monoculture (lower slope) (BP), corn and peanut intercropping (TCP), corn and soybean intercropping (TCS), downslope ridge cultivation (BS) slope, and straw-mulched (SC), respectively. The results showed that the runoff of CL, SC, TCS, BS, BP, PL and TCP slope types were 93%, 75%, 51%, 39%, 28%, 12%, and 6% of the those of the bare land, respectively. The total nitrogen concentration in runoff on different slope types decreased in the order of BP > PL > BS > SC > TCP > BL > CL > TCS. The BL was characterized with the highest NRL-TN (the loss of total nitrogen per unit area), with the value of 1.188 kg/hm2, while those of the TCP is the smallest with the value of 0.073 kg/hm2. The total phosphorus concentration in runoff decreasd in the order of BS > BP > PL > BL > TCP > SC > CL > TCS. The PRL-TP (the loss of total phosphorus per unit area) of BL is the largest (0.016 kg/hm2), while those of TCP is the smallest (0.001 kg/hm2). These indicate that the loss of nitrogen is much higer than that of phosphorus. The loss of nitrogen in runoff is dominated by nitrate nitrogen, which accounts for 54.4%–78.9% of TN. Slope croplands in the water source area should adopt the tillage measures of TCP and PL.These measures can reduce 85% of the runoff of nitrogen and phosphorus compared to the bare land. The results may assist in agricultural non-point source pollution control and help promote improved management of the water environment in the Danjiang River’s water source area.

Simultaneous Removal of Phosphorus and Nitrogen by Sequencing Batch Reactor Activated Sludge Process

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 315-316
Author(s):  
Mitsumasa Okada ◽  
Ryuichi Sudo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Simultaneous Removal ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Activated Sludge Processes

Abstract–Phosphorus removal by biological means in continuous-flow aerobic/ anaerobic activated sludge processes is now in a stage of full-scale operations. The similar aerobic/anaerobic treatment is also found in biological processes for nitrogen removal by nitrification followed by denitrification. These processes are successfully applied not only to continuous-flow system but also to sequencing batch reactor (SBR) activated sludge processes, whereas little attempts have been reported on phosphorus removal in SBR activated sludge processes. It is most probable that both phosphorus and nitrogen in addition to organic matter can be removed by the SBR activated sludge processes if aerobic and anaerobic treatments were properly incorporated into a cycle of batch operation. Laboratory scale experiments on aerobic/anaerobic operations of the SBR processes were conducted aiming at simultaneous removal of phosphorus, nitrogen, and organic matter without any addition of chemicals. SBR of 5 1 in working volume was fed with synthetic wastewater in which TOC = 120-200 mg/l, BOD = 200-400 mg/l, total phosphorus = 6-12 mg/1 and total nitrogen = 36-60 mg/1. The following sequence of operations were conducted in a batch cycle; 1) mixing and inflow of wastewater, 2) aeration and mixing, 3) mixing, 4) aeration and mixing, 5) settling and 6) decanting. It was secured from continuous monitoring of dissolved oxygen concentration in the mixed liquor that both anaerobic (stages 1 and 3) and aerobic (stages 2 and 4) treatments were repeated twice in a cycle. In some operations, stages 3 and 4 were omitted for comparison, i.e. anaerobic and aerobic treatments were conducted only once per cycle. The volume of mixed liquor before the inflow of wastewater at the beginning of a cycle (low level) ranged from 33 % to 50 % of that during full volume stages from 2 to 5 (high level). In stage 6, the supernatant was discharged down to the low level and followed by the next cycle of operation. The length of time for a cycle of operation was β h or 9.5 h. Among various types of operations tried, the following sequence was the best in the quality of effluent; 1) 2 h for mixing and inflow, 2) 3 h for aeration and mixing, 3) 3 h for mixing, 4) 20 min for aeration and mixing, 5) 1 h for settling, and 6) 10 min for decanting in a cycle of 9.5 h if influent BOD, total phosphorus and total nitrogen concentrations were 400 mg/1, 12 mg/1 and 60 mg/1, respectively, and BOD loading was 0.68 kg/cu m/d. Total phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations in the effluent were 1.2 mg/1 and 8.0 mg/1, respectively. Similar results were obtained in operations where anaerobic and aerobic treatments were repeated twice in a cycle. In operations where effluent quality was satisfactory, release of phosphorus from the sludge was observed in stage 1. The reactor concentration of filterable total phosphorus (FTP) increased rapidly and its maximum value observed at the end of the stage was ca. 50 mg/1. Phosphorus uptake under aerobic condition (stage 2) decreased FTP to the level of effluent FTP. The luxury uptake of phosphorus by the sludge was noted, i.e. phosphorus content in the sludge ranged from 2.0 % to 4.0 %(w/w). The release of phosphorus from the sludge and subsequent luxury uptake were not significant during stages 3 to 4, hence, further removal of phosphorus was not remarkable. Nitrate nitrogen concentration increased during stage 2 by nitrification. Denitrification was noted both in stages 1 and 3. In stage 1, filterable total organic carbon (FTOC) increased by the inflow of wastewater. It should be, therefore, utilized for denitrification as hydrogen donor. FTOC decreased rapidly after the initiation of aeration in stage 2 and little FTOC remained after the latter half of stage 2. Intracellular organic substances of the sludge, therefore, were regarded to be utilized for denitrification without any addition of chemicals at stage 3. In the best operation, from 50% to 70% out of total nitrogen inflow was removed by denitrification. Effluent BOD was less than 10 mg/l. Although further investigations would be required to determine optimum scheduling in a cycle such as the combination of anaerobic and aerobic periods, the ratio between low and high levels in the reactor, the length of a cycle, and etc. for a given wastewater, the SBR activated sludge process would be a promising wastewater treatment process for simultaneous removal of phosphorus, nitrogen and organiC matter by a single reactor. In spite of complicated operational sequence, full scale automatic operations of SBR activated sludge process would be possible economically even in small-scale plants by using recently advanced microcomputer technology.

Runoff characteristics of nutrients in the forest streams in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Umemoto ◽  
Y. Komai ◽  
T. Inoue
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Stream Flows ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hyogo Prefecture ◽  
Forest Streams ◽  
Precipitation Events

Nutrients and other pollutant runoffs from streams in artificial forest areas in central Hyogo Prefecture in southwest Japan have been investigated to estimate pollutant loads since 1995. The orthophosphate and ammonium nitrogen contents were usually low and constant during the investigation. When the flowrates of the streams were normal, the concentrations of suspended solids, CODMn, TOC and total phosphorus were very low, and did not change much. However, when stream flows were increased by rainstorms or other precipitation, higher concentrations of these parameters occurred. Otherwise, the average concentrations of nitrate nitrogen and total nitrogen were 0.26 mg/l and 0.31 mg/l, respectively, and they were often increased by precipitation events. They changed at the same time because the ratio of nitrate nitrogen per total nitrogen was high, about 80%. The fluctuation of concentrations of total phosphorus was similar to SS concentrations, which suggested that phosphorus was discharged in the types of suspended solids from forest areas. The specific loads of the nutrients and some other pollutants did not differ among the three watersheds investigated. However, the difference among them between fine days and rainy days was fairly large. It was presumed that pollutant runoff from forest areas is strongly dependent on precipitation events.

scholarly journals Efficiency of aquatic macrophytes to treat Nile tilapia pond effluents

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 433-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Gonzaga Henry-Silva ◽  
Antonio Fernando Monteiro Camargo
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Fish Pond ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Dissolved Phosphorus ◽  
Dissolved Nitrogen

The effluents from fish farming can increase the quantity of suspended solids and promote the enrichment of nitrogen and phosphorus in aquatic ecosystems. In this context, the aim of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of three species of floating aquatic macrophytes (Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes and Salvinia molesta) to treat effluents from Nile tilapia culture ponds. The effluent originated from a 1,000-m² pond stocked with 2,000 male Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. The treatment systems consisted of 12 experimental tanks, three tanks for each macrophyte species, and three control tanks (without plants). Water samples were collected from the: (i) fish pond source water, (ii) effluent from fish pond and (iii) effluents from the treatment tanks. The following water variables were evaluated: turbidity, total and dissolved nitrogen, ammoniacal-N, nitrate-N, nitrite-N, total phosphorus and dissolved phosphorus. E. crassipes and P. stratiotes were more efficient in total phosphorus removal (82.0% and 83.3%, respectively) and total nitrogen removal (46.1% and 43.9%, respectively) than the S. molesta (72.1% total phosphorus and 42.7% total nitrogen) and the control (50.3% total phosphorus and 22.8% total nitrogen), indicating that the treated effluents may be reused in the aquaculture activity.

The Effects of Estuary Dredging on Removing Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Dianchi Lake, China

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 2895-2899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Hong Zhan ◽  
Sha Deng ◽  
Zhao Xin Li ◽  
Yu Luo ◽  
Ting Ting Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Dianchi Lake ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Eutrophic Lakes ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Sediment Dredging ◽  
Internal Nutrient Loading

Sediment dredging is currently the most commonly selected option for getting rid of contaminated sediments. In this study, the effects of estuary dredging on removing nitrogen and phosphorus were investigated by comparing the different vertical nutrient content between the dredged and un-dredged areas in Dianchi Lake. The results showed that the contents of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the un-dredged areas were relatively higher than that in dredged areas. Besides, the contents of bio-available nitrogen and phosphorus represented the similar results, only a few dredged spots showed a higher potential releasing capacity. Therefore, with the reduction of internal nutrient loading, it indicated that sediment dredging might be an effective and reliable way to improve such eutrophic lakes.

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