scholarly journals GIS Applications to Investigate the Linkage between Geomorphological Catchment Characteristics and Response Time: A Case Study in Four Climatological Regions, South Africa

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1072
Author(s):  
Ockert J. Gericke
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Design Flood ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Shape Factors ◽  
Catchment Characteristics ◽  
Gis Applications ◽  
The Impact

In flood hydrology, geomorphological catchment characteristics serve as fundamental input to inform decisions related to design flood estimation and regionalization. Typically, site-specific geomorphological catchment characteristics are used for regionalization, while flood statistics are used to test the homogeneity of the identified regions. This paper presents the application and comparison of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) modelling tools for the estimation of catchment characteristics to provide an enhanced understanding of the linkage between geomorphological catchment characteristics and response time. It was evident that catchment response variability is not exclusively related to catchment area, but rather associated with the increasing spatial–temporal heterogeneity of other catchment characteristics as the catchment scale increases. In general, catchment and channel geomorphology overruled the impact that catchment variables might have on the response time and resulting runoff. Shorter response times and higher peak flows were evident in similar-sized catchments characterized by lower shape factors, circularity ratios, and shorter centroid distances and associated higher elongation ratios, drainage densities and steeper slopes. The GIS applications not only enabled the inclusion of a more diverse selection of catchment characteristics as opposed to when manual methods are used, but the high degree of association between the different GIS-based methods also confirmed their preferential use.

Use of geographical information systems in multiple sclerosis research: A systematic scoping review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soheil Hashtarkhani ◽  
Hossein Tabatabaei-Jafari ◽  
Behzad Kiani ◽  
MaryAnne Furst ◽  
Luis Salvador-Carulla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Gis Applications ◽  
Thematic Mapping ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
Comprehensive Search Strategy

Abstract Introduction: Geographical Information System (GIS) and spatial analysis have an emerging role in the understanding and management of health-related outcomes. However, there is a knowledge gap about the extent to which GIS has supported Multiple Sclerosis (MS) research. Therefore, this review aimed to explore the types of GIS applications and the complexity of their visualisation in MS research. Methods: A systematic scoping review was conducted based on York’s five-stage framework. PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were searched for relevant studies published between 2000 and 2020 using a comprehensive search strategy based on the main concepts related to GIS and MS. Grounded, inductive analysis was conducted to organize studies into meaningful application areas. Further, we developed a tool to assess the visualisation complexity of the selected papers.Results: Of 3,723 identified unique citations, 42 papers met our inclusion criteria for the final review. One or more of the following types of GIS applications were reported by these studies: (a) thematic mapping (37 papers); (b) spatial cluster detection (16 papers); (c) risk factors detection (16 papers); and (d) health access and planning (two papers). In the majority of studies (88%), the score of visualisation complexity was relatively low: three or less from the range of zero to six. Conclusions: Although the number of studies using GIS techniques has dramatically increased in the last decade, the use of GIS in the areas of MS access and planning is still under-researched. Additionally, the capacity of GIS in visualising complex nature of MS care system is not yet fully investigated.

Geographical Analysis of Entertainment Services in the City of Daratu Using Geographical Information Systems (GIS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 618-644
Author(s):  
Hoshmand Jawhar Abbas ◽  
Sanger Ahmed Hussein ◽  
Fatimah Qader Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Recreational Facilities ◽  
Financial Gain ◽  
Recreational Services ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

 The impact of the recreational services that exist within the group of services that are practiced within the geographical framework of the city, is not limited to the lives of its residents and their activities, but also on the residents of the surrounding areas. Recreational services contribute to providing diversified investment opportunities for leisure time, so that they are appropriate and beneficial to the health, comfort and well-being of the population at the lowest possible cost, without the goal of their establishment being financial gain, as they lead to the creation of mental, psychological and physical balance on the level of one individual and on the basis of society in a way. In general, recreational services are an integral part of urban activities in most cities of the world. Rather, the concept of modernity and urbanization in contemporary urban centers is measured to some extent by the availability of recreational facilities for their inhabitants, and the study also showed the low level of efficiency of recreational services in terms of their spatial distribution and numbers. As it is concentrated in some neighborhoods of the city, while it is less or absent in other neighborhoods, as well as not taking into account the planning standards in its distribution and during its construction in line with the population increase, urban expansion and the residents' needs for these services. The success in providing these different types of recreational facilities depends on how they are distributed geographically. The balanced distribution of these activities determines the success of the adopted plans in achieving the required goals and policies.

The Value and Scope of GIS in Marketing and Tourism Management

2019 ◽  
pp. 706-723
Author(s):  
Mertcan Taşçıoğlu ◽  
Dursun Yener
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Information System ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Marketing Theory ◽  
Dynamic Information ◽  
Gis Applications ◽  
Tourism Management ◽  
Engineering Statistics ◽  
Store Location

Geographical information systems (GIS) are the systems that store location-based data and analyze them. GIS originated from the conventional cartographic techniques of simply drawing maps with a pencil and board. Following the adoption of computer technology, GIS further evolved as a geo-referenced dynamic information system, which can today be considered as a multi-disciplinary instrument that links different disciplines like geography, computer science, remote sensing, civil engineering, statistics, marketing, and other social and behavioral sciences. In this chapter, GIS is defined and its importance and functions are described in detail. Usage of GIS in marketing is explained, especially its development in marketing theory. Also, the value and scope of GIS in tourism management with a view to understand the spread of GIS applications in tourism is explored.

Unravelling the relationship between response time and user experience in mobile applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 1353-1382
Author(s):  
Mengli Yu ◽  
Ronggang Zhou ◽  
Zhao Cai ◽  
Chee-Wee Tan ◽  
Huiwen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
User Experience ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Network Environment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Varied Response ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis study examines the impact of response time on user experience for mobile applications and considers the moderating influence of gender and network environment on this relationship.Design/methodology/approachAn experiment was conducted with 50 young adults to evaluate their user experience of a mobile application that simulates variations in network environment and response time. User experience was evaluated based on the three constituent dimensions of tolerance, acceptance, and satisfaction.FindingsAnalytical results demonstrate that response time not only adversely affects user experience of mobile applications, but that this effect is not homogeneous across the three dimensions of tolerance, acceptance and satisfaction. The findings also illustrate that gender moderates the effect of response time on user experience, however, the negative influence is more salient for males than females, which is opposite to our hypothesis. The joint moderating influence of gender and network environment turned out to be partly significant.Practical implicationsBy illuminating users' tolerance, acceptance, and satisfaction with varied response times, findings from this study can inform the design of mobile applications such that desired levels of user experience can be assured with minimum resources.Originality/valueAlthough response time has been hailed as a key determinant of user experience for desktop applications, there is a paucity of studies that have investigated the impact of response time on user experience for mobile applications. Furthermore, prior research on response time neglects the multi-dimensional nature of user experience. This study bridges the above mentioned knowledge gaps by delineating user experience into its constituent dimensions and clarifying the effects of response time on each of these dimensions.

Visualization of Urban Prediction Using Augmented Maps

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandy Martedi ◽  
Sébastien Callier ◽  
Hideo Saito ◽  
Pega Sanoamuang ◽  
Milica Muminović
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Train Station ◽  
Monitor Display ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Web Camera ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, we explore a visualization method using augmented maps for urban prediction. Our implementation allows users to determine the location for prediction in a paper map. As an application example, we examine an area before and after new train station is built. We use the difference between two maps for simulating the changes or predicting the impact if a new train station is built on a location in a paper map. In off-line phase, we gather knowledge data from several reference locations by comparing two aerial maps (before and after the train station is built). We then analyze the difference of green spaces between those two maps using color extraction. We observe that the green space around the new train station mostly decreases due to the area development. This information is then stored for prediction reference. In on-line phase, we use a monocular setup that consists of one camera and a monitor display. A paper map is captured using a web camera and tracked using its geometrical features. These features can be provided using the available data from Geographical Information Systems (GIS) or automatically extracted from the texture. The map is then matched with the reference map in database. When the map is matched, we can overlay the simulation on how the green space will change due to the existence of new train stations on a new location inputted by the user.

Ambient air pollution and health

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Reid ◽  
Giovanni Leonardi ◽  
Alex G. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
The Impact

This chapter describes the impact of air pollution, including particulate matter and nitrogen oxides, on human health, through a case scenario where an increase in respiratory disease has been associated with changes in traffic density and increases in pollution indices. Background information on pollutants and air quality measurements is given based on WHO criteria. The importance of multidisciplinary input to such investigations is emphasized, involving specialists in toxicology and environmental science, as well as health protection staff. The role of geographical information systems in mapping air pollution levels to identify localities where guideline values are exceeded is emphasized, together with health impact assessments to monitor public health outcomes. The complex local, social, and political aspects that may arise are considered, and so endure engagement and communication with different interest groups. The final part clearly outlines currently unanswered questions and how they should be studied and managed in the future.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal Analysis of Cardiovascular Emergency Medical Requests: To Inform Policy and Practice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Azimi ◽  
Nasser Bagheri ◽  
Mostafa Mostafavi ◽  
MaryAnne Furst ◽  
Soheil Hashtarkhani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Arrival Time ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Hospital Arrival ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
Related Mortality

Abstract Background:Response time to cardiovascular emergency medical requests is an important indicator in reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) related mortality. This study aims to develop an index of response time and investigate potential clusters in the pattern of CVD-related calls over time and space.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted in Mashhad, north-eastern Iran, between August 2017 and December 2019. An emergency medical service (EMS) response time matrix to CVD-related calls was computed using spatial and classical statistical analyses. The Anselin Local Moran's I was performed to identify potential clusters in the patterns of CVD-related calls, response time, call-to-hospital arrival time, and scene-to-hospital arrival time at small area level (neighborhood level) in Mashhad, Iran.Results:There were 84,239 CVD-related emergency request calls, of which 60.21 percent were transported to clinical centers by EMS, and 2.62 percent (a total of 2203 persons) died before EMS arrival. The number of CVD-related emergency calls increased by almost 15% in 2018 and 20% in 2019. The peak in the number of calls occurred between 9 p.m. and 1 a.m., and the lowest number of calls were recorded between 3 a.m. and 9 a.m. Saturday was the busiest day of week in terms of call volume. There were statistically significant clusters in the pattern of CVD-related calls in the south-eastern region of Mashhad. Further, we found a large spatial variation in scene-to-hospital arrival time and call-to-hospital arrival time in the area under study.Conclusion:The use of geographical information systems and spatial analyses in modelling and quantifying EMS response time provides a new vein of knowledge for decision makers in emergency services management. This also enables policy makers to design tailored interventions to improve response time and reduce CVD-related mortality.

scholarly journals Drought Hazard Modelling of Klaten Regency Central Java Using AHP and TOPSIS Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 936 (1) ◽  
pp. 012043
Author(s):  
Meiga Nugrahani ◽  
Purnama Budi Santosa
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Topsis Method ◽  
Drought Vulnerability ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The Impact

Abstract According to information of areas at high risk of drought provided by Central Java disaster risk assessment in 2016 - 2020, Klaten Regency is in the top ten at high risk of drought in Central Java. Drought is an annual disaster in this region, which usually occurs during the dry season. The impact of the drought has caused some areas to experience a lack of clean water. For the purpose of disaster mitigation in anticipating and minimizing drought disasters losses, it is necessary to analyze the level of drought with a decision-making system by comparing two methods, namely the AHP with TOPSIS. Both methods are decision-making methods that are composed of various criteria to obtain an alternative sequence of choices. Both the AHP and TOPSIS methods produces weight values and a positive ideal solution value, respectively. These are used as input data in the mapping of drought vulnerability analysis with Geographical Information Systems (GIS). The results of the analysis are visualized with a map that shows the level of drought vulnerability. AHP and TOPSIS method decision making generates the order of the drought classes in predicting the distribution of areas experiencing drought. To validate the model, the authors compare the results of the analysis of drought vulnerability of the two methods with drought data from BPBD (Local Agency for Disaster Prevention) and DPUPR (Public Works and Public Housing Department). The results show that AHP provides better results than TOPSIS based on results validation with BPBD and DPUPR data. By comparing the two models with BPBD data, the results show that the percentage of AHP suitability is higher than TOPSIS at 47,619% and 19,048% respectively.

scholarly journals Modelling of vegetative filter strips in catchment scale erosion control

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. RANKINEN ◽  
S. TATTARI ◽  
S. REKOLAINEN
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Erosion Control ◽  
Field Method ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Vegetative Filter Strips ◽  
Filter Strips ◽  
Erosion Risk ◽  
The Impact

The efficiency of vegetative filter strips to reduce erosion was assessed by simulation modelling in two catchments located in different parts of Finland. The areas of high erosion risk were identified by a Geographical Information System (GIS) combining digital spatial data of soil type, land use and field slopes. The efficiency of vegetative filter strips (VFS) was assessed by the ICECREAM model, a derivative of the CREAMS model which has been modified and adapted for Finnish conditions. The simulation runs were performed without the filter strips and with strips of 1 m, 3 m and 15 m width. Four soil types and two crops (spring barley, winter wheat) were studied. The model assessments for fields without VFS showed that the amount of erosion is clearly dominated by slope gradient. The soil texture had a greater impact on erosion than the crop. The impact of the VFS on erosion reduction was highly variable. These model results were scaled up by combining them to the digital spatial data. The simulated efficiency of the VFS in erosion control in the whole catchment varied from 50 to 89%. A GIS-based erosion risk map of the other study catchment and an identification carried out by manual study using topographical paper maps were evaluated and validated by ground truthing. Both methods were able to identify major erosion risk areas, i.e areas where VFS are particularly necessary. A combination of the GIS and the field method gives the best outcome.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document