scholarly journals Modelling of vegetative filter strips in catchment scale erosion control

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. RANKINEN ◽  
S. TATTARI ◽  
S. REKOLAINEN
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Erosion Control ◽  
Field Method ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Vegetative Filter Strips ◽  
Filter Strips ◽  
Erosion Risk ◽  
The Impact

The efficiency of vegetative filter strips to reduce erosion was assessed by simulation modelling in two catchments located in different parts of Finland. The areas of high erosion risk were identified by a Geographical Information System (GIS) combining digital spatial data of soil type, land use and field slopes. The efficiency of vegetative filter strips (VFS) was assessed by the ICECREAM model, a derivative of the CREAMS model which has been modified and adapted for Finnish conditions. The simulation runs were performed without the filter strips and with strips of 1 m, 3 m and 15 m width. Four soil types and two crops (spring barley, winter wheat) were studied. The model assessments for fields without VFS showed that the amount of erosion is clearly dominated by slope gradient. The soil texture had a greater impact on erosion than the crop. The impact of the VFS on erosion reduction was highly variable. These model results were scaled up by combining them to the digital spatial data. The simulated efficiency of the VFS in erosion control in the whole catchment varied from 50 to 89%. A GIS-based erosion risk map of the other study catchment and an identification carried out by manual study using topographical paper maps were evaluated and validated by ground truthing. Both methods were able to identify major erosion risk areas, i.e areas where VFS are particularly necessary. A combination of the GIS and the field method gives the best outcome.

scholarly journals Well Water Site Selection at Local Scale Using Geographical Information System for Flood Victim in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Koh Liew See ◽  
Nayan Nasir ◽  
Saleh Yazid ◽  
Hashim Mohmadisa ◽  
Mahat Hanifah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Area Data

Clean water supply is a major problem among flood victims during flood events. This article aims to determine the sites of well water sources that can be utilised during floods in the District of Kuala Krai, Kelantan. Field methods and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) were applied in the process of selecting flood victim evacuation centres and wells. The data used were spatial data obtained primarily, namely the well data, evacuation centre data and flood area data. The well and evacuation centre data were obtained by field methods conducted to determine the position of wells using global positioning system tools, and the same for the location of the evacuation centres. Information related to evacuation centres was obtained secondarily from multiple agencies and gathered into GIS as an evacuation centre attribute. The flood area data was also obtained via secondary data and was digitised using the ArcGIS software. The data processing was divided into two stages, namely the first stage of determining the flood victim evacuation centres to be used in this research in a structural manner based on two main criteria which were the extent to which an evacuation centre was affected by the flood and the highest capacity of victims for each district with the greatest impact to the flood affected population. The second stage was to determine the location of wells based on three criteria, namely i) not affected by flood, ii) the closest distance to the selected flood victim evacuation centre and iii) located at different locations. Among the main GIS analyses used were locational analysis, overlay analysis, and proximity analysis. The results showed that four (4) flood evacuation centres had been chosen and matched the criteria set, namely SMK Sultan Yahya Petra 2, SMK Manek Urai Lama, SMK Laloh and SK Kuala Gris. While six (6) wells had been selected as water sources that could be consumed by the flood victims at 4 evacuation centres in helping to provide clean water supply, namely Kg. Keroh 16 (T1), Kg. Batu Mengkebang 10 (T2), Lepan Meranti (T3), Kg. Budi (T4), Kg. Jelawang Tengah 2 (T5) and Kg. Durian Hijau 1 (T6). With the presence of the well water sources that can be used during flood events, clean water supply can be distributed to flood victims at the evacuation centres. Indirectly, this research can reduce the impact of floods in the future, especially in terms of clean water supply even during the hit of a major flood.

scholarly journals Metamodeling methods that incorporate qualitative variables for improved design of vegetative filter strips.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Lauvernet ◽  
Céline Helbert ◽  
Bruno Sudret
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Reduction ◽  
Vegetative Filter Strips ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Filter Strips ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
Polynomial Chaos Expansions ◽  
Modeling Toolkit ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Risk Analysis And Management

<p>Significant amounts of pollutant are measured in surface water, their presence due in part to the use of pesticides in agriculture. One solution to limit pesticide transfer by surface runoff is to implement vegetative filter strips (VFS) along rivers. The sizing of these strips is a major issue, with influencing factors that include local conditions (climate, soil, etc.). The BUVARD modeling toolkit was developed to design VFSs throughout France according to these properties. This toolkit includes the numerical model VFSMOD, which quantifies dynamic effects of VFS site-specific pesticide mitigation efficiency. In this study, a metamodeling (or model dimension reduction) approach is proposed to ease the use of BUVARD and to help users design VFSs that are adapted to specific contexts. Different reduced models, or surrogates, are compared: GAM, Polynomial Chaos Expansions, Kriging, and Mixed-kriging. Mixed-kriging is a kriging method that was implemented with a covariance kernel for a mixture of qualitative and quantitative inputs. Kriging and PCE are built by couple of modalities and Mixed-kriging  and GAM are built considering mixed quantitative and qualitative variables. The metamodel is a simple way to provide a relevant first guess to help design the pollution reduction device. In addition, the surrogate model is a relevant tool to visualize the impact that lack of knowledge of some parameters of filter efficiency can have when performing risk analysis and management.</p>

Near real-time monitoring of post-fire erosion after storm events: a case study in Warrumbungle National Park, Australia

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xihua Yang ◽  
Qinggaozi Zhu ◽  
Mitch Tulau ◽  
Sally McInnes-Clarke ◽  
Liying Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
National Park ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Rainfall Erosivity ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Erosion Risk

Wildfires in national parks can lead to severe damage to property and infrastructure, and adverse impacts on the environment. This is especially pronounced if wildfires are followed by intense storms, such as the fire in Warrumbungle National Park in New South Wales, Australia, in early 2013. The aims of this study were to develop and validate a methodology to predict erosion risk at near real-time after storm events, and to provide timely information for monitoring of the extent, magnitude and impact of hillslope erosion to assist park management. We integrated weather radar-based estimates of rainfall erosivity with the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) and remote sensing to predict soil loss from individual storm events after the fire. Other RUSLE factors were estimated from high resolution digital elevation models (LS factor), satellite data (C factor) and recent digital soil maps (K factor). The accuracy was assessed against field measurements at twelve soil plots across the Park and regular field survey during the 5-year period after the fire (2013–17). Automated scripts in a geographical information system have been developed to process large quantity spatial data and produce time-series erosion risk maps which show spatial and temporal changes in hillslope erosion and groundcover across the Park at near real time.

scholarly journals GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (GISy) IMPLEMENTATION WITHOUT GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SCIENCE (GISc) FUNDAMENTAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 807-815
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographical Information System ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
The Impact

This article reviews the use of Geographical Information System (GIS) has been primarily applied in spatial decision making from simple to complex geospatial problems. GIS is usually referred to as a computer system used explicitly to store, manage, analyze, manipulate, and visualize geospatial data. GIS can produce meaningful information for a better understanding of solving related geographic/spatial problems. With the technology, hardware, and software assistance, GIS is at its progressive pace even though GIS starts with a simple and straightforward question of geographic features/event location. This rapid development has made GIS and spatial data becoming a critical commodity today. However, without the basic knowledge and GIS understanding, the actual GIS capabilities, such as understanding geographical concepts, managing geographic phenomena, and solving geographical problems, become limited. To become worse, GIS is was seen as a tool to facilitate map display and simple spatial analysis. Furthermore, the market's professional training emphasizes simple GIS components such as hardware, software, geospatial data mapping, extracting geographical data from tables (tabular data), simple queries or display, and spatial data editing mastered using GIS manuals in training. Thus, this article highlights the impact of implementing GIS without sufficient GIS fundamental knowledge, resulting in complicated spatial decision planning issues.

scholarly journals Determination of suitable areas for organic production in Kelkit basin and mapping by geographical information systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Hakan Karadağ
Keyword(s):  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Erosion Risk ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
The Impact

Kelkit Basin contains 17 districts within the boundaries of Tokat, Amasya, Gümüşhane, Giresun, and Sivas provinces. The Basin is located in the Middle Black Sea Region of Anatolia, at 40.9968 North, 30.8491 East, 36.0482 South, and 36.6943 West coordinates. The total area of the basin is 16.244,45 hectares. The altitude of the basin surrounded by high mountains ranged from 200 m (base of the valley) to 1200 m (high plain). The height of the mountains gradually increased from west to east until 2400 m. There is not any major industry establishment limiting the level of organic agriculture in the basin. The main livelihood of the people in the region is agriculture. Our study aimed to determine and mapping the suitable areas for organic agriculture in the basin. For this purpose, land surveys were conducted, point data were collected with GPS and the 1230-point value are calculated. On the calculation of point value, Land Use Capability, land pollution situation, erosion risk groups, and soil groups are used as criteria. In line with the regulation of organic farming practices, in the calculation the amount of pollution; intense agricultural activity, the impact of roads, settlement influence, water resources, the effects of soil pollution, and industrial-mining areas were taken into account. By using these calculated values, maps were created in the program ArcGIS (9.3) by analysis of IDW (Inverse Distance Weighted). According to the generated maps, the organic agricultural potential of the region was put forward.

scholarly journals GIS Applications to Investigate the Linkage between Geomorphological Catchment Characteristics and Response Time: A Case Study in Four Climatological Regions, South Africa

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1072
Author(s):  
Ockert J. Gericke
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Design Flood ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Shape Factors ◽  
Catchment Characteristics ◽  
Gis Applications ◽  
The Impact

In flood hydrology, geomorphological catchment characteristics serve as fundamental input to inform decisions related to design flood estimation and regionalization. Typically, site-specific geomorphological catchment characteristics are used for regionalization, while flood statistics are used to test the homogeneity of the identified regions. This paper presents the application and comparison of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) modelling tools for the estimation of catchment characteristics to provide an enhanced understanding of the linkage between geomorphological catchment characteristics and response time. It was evident that catchment response variability is not exclusively related to catchment area, but rather associated with the increasing spatial–temporal heterogeneity of other catchment characteristics as the catchment scale increases. In general, catchment and channel geomorphology overruled the impact that catchment variables might have on the response time and resulting runoff. Shorter response times and higher peak flows were evident in similar-sized catchments characterized by lower shape factors, circularity ratios, and shorter centroid distances and associated higher elongation ratios, drainage densities and steeper slopes. The GIS applications not only enabled the inclusion of a more diverse selection of catchment characteristics as opposed to when manual methods are used, but the high degree of association between the different GIS-based methods also confirmed their preferential use.

scholarly journals Soil Erosion Spatial Prediction using Digital Soil Mapping and RUSLE methods for Big Sioux River Watershed

Soil Systems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruhollah Taghizadeh-Mehrjardi ◽  
Arun Bawa ◽  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
Mojtaba Zeraatpisheh ◽  
Alireza Amirian-Chakan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Spatial Prediction ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Erosion Risk ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Grassland Conversion ◽  
Big Sioux River

A recent conversion of the grasslands to cropland degrading the soil quality (SQ), and impacting the soil erosion and crop productivity in the West Corn Belt (WCB) of the USA. The current study was conducted to estimate the spatial distribution of soil erosion at Big Sioux River (BSR) watershed scale using the Geographical Information System (GIS)-enabled Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). Spatial data such as weather, a digital elevation model (DEM), land use maps and soils were used for assessment of soil erosion was downloaded from the easily available online sources. Data showed that about 7% of grassland acreage reduced from 2008 (24%) to 2015 (17%), whereas, about 7.4% of cropland acreage increased from 2008 (64.6%) to 2015 (72%) in the BSR watershed. This grassland conversion to cropland increased the soil erosion (estimated using the RUSLE model) from 12.2 T ha−1 year−1 in 2008 to 14.8 T ha−1 year−1 in 2015. The present study concludes that grassland conversion to cropland in the BSR watershed increased the soil erosion, therefore, management practices essential to be applied to reduce the erosion risk and various other ecosystem services.

scholarly journals Analysing the Impact of Climate Change on Hydrological Ecosystem Services in Laguna del Sauce (Uruguay) Using the SWAT Model and Remote Sensing Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2014
Author(s):  
Celina Aznarez ◽  
Patricia Jimeno-Sáez ◽  
Adrián López-Ballesteros ◽  
Juan Pablo Pacheco ◽  
Javier Senent-Aparicio
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Erosion Control ◽  
Sensing Data ◽  
Extreme Precipitation Events ◽  
The Impact

Assessing how climate change will affect hydrological ecosystem services (HES) provision is necessary for long-term planning and requires local comprehensive climate information. In this study, we used SWAT to evaluate the impacts on four HES, natural hazard protection, erosion control regulation and water supply and flow regulation for the Laguna del Sauce catchment in Uruguay. We used downscaled CMIP-5 global climate models for Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5 projections. We calibrated and validated our SWAT model for the periods 2005–2009 and 2010–2013 based on remote sensed ET data. Monthly NSE and R2 values for calibration and validation were 0.74, 0.64 and 0.79, 0.84, respectively. Our results suggest that climate change will likely negatively affect the water resources of the Laguna del Sauce catchment, especially in the RCP 8.5 scenario. In all RCP scenarios, the catchment is likely to experience a wetting trend, higher temperatures, seasonality shifts and an increase in extreme precipitation events, particularly in frequency and magnitude. This will likely affect water quality provision through runoff and sediment yield inputs, reducing the erosion control HES and likely aggravating eutrophication. Although the amount of water will increase, changes to the hydrological cycle might jeopardize the stability of freshwater supplies and HES on which many people in the south-eastern region of Uruguay depend. Despite streamflow monitoring capacities need to be enhanced to reduce the uncertainty of model results, our findings provide valuable insights for water resources planning in the study area. Hence, water management and monitoring capacities need to be enhanced to reduce the potential negative climate change impacts on HES. The methodological approach presented here, based on satellite ET data can be replicated and adapted to any other place in the world since we employed open-access software and remote sensing data for all the phases of hydrological modelling and HES provision assessment.

scholarly journals Impact Mechanism of the Ecological Vulnerability of Highly Developed Islands Based on the Bayesian Network Model—Applied to the Changshan Islands

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4150
Author(s):  
Keyu Qin ◽  
Haijun Huang ◽  
Jingya Liu ◽  
Liwen Yan ◽  
Yanxia Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Network ◽  
Network Model ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Bayesian Network Model ◽  
Island Ecosystems ◽  
Impact Mechanism ◽  
The North ◽  
Ecological Vulnerability ◽  
The Impact

Islands are one of the most sensitive interfaces between global changes and land and sea dynamic effects, with high sensitivity and low stability. Therefore, under the dynamic coupling effect of human activities and frequent natural disasters, the vulnerability of the ecological environment of islands shows the characteristics of complexity and diversity. For the protection of island ecosystems, a system for the assessment of island ecosystems and studies on the mechanism of island ecological vulnerability are highly crucial. In this study, the North and South Changshan Islands of China were selected as the study area. Considering various impact factors of island ecological vulnerability, the geographical information systems (GIS) spatial analysis, field surveys, data sampling were used to evaluate island ecological vulnerability. The Bayesian network model was used to explore the impact mechanism of ecological vulnerability. The results showed that the ecological vulnerability of the North Changshan Island is higher than that of the South Changshan Island. Among all the indicators, the proportion of net primary productivity (NPP) and the steep slope has the strongest correlation with ecological vulnerability. This study can be used as references in the relevant departments to formulate management policies and promote the sustainable development of islands and their surrounding waters

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